Trio-based whole exome sequencing in patients with ectopic posterior pituitary.

Introduction: Ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP) is a rare congenital abnormality, sometimes associated with other midline defects, such as pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS), in which thin or absent pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary hypoplasia are combined to EPP. Most cases are sporadic, with few reports of familial cases, and many congenital hypopituitarism (CH) cases remain unsolved.

Objective: To search for candidate genes associated with this condition, we performed trio-based whole-exome sequencing (WES) on patients with EPP, including two familial cases.

Metabolic risk factors in prepubertal and pubertal patients with overweight and obesity.

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions linked to obesity that increases cardiovascular risk. We evaluated the frequency of clinical abnormalities associated with overweight and obesity in childhood, to determine whether a diagnosis of MetS is appropriate in this population.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 116 pubertal and prepubertal children with a mean age (SD) of 10.

Hepatic fibrosis: a manifestation of the liver disease evolution in patients with Ataxia-telangiectasia.

Background: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by changes in several organs and systems. Advances in clinical protocols have resulted in increased survival of A-T patients, however disease progression is evident, mainly through metabolic and liver changes.

Objective: To identify the frequency of significant hepatic fibrosis in A-T patients and to verify the association with metabolic alterations and degree of ataxia.

Probiotic therapy outcomes in body composition of children and adolescent with obesity, a nonrandomized controlled trial.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of probiotic supplementation therapy on anthropometric values and body composition of children and adolescent with obesity.

Subjects And Methods: This is a nonrandomized controlled, prospective, double-blind interventional clinical trial with primary data analysis. The sample comprised 44 pubertal children and adolescent (8-17 years old) with obesity.

Six HIT Sessions Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Flexibility in Insulin Resistant and Insulin Sensitive Adolescents with Obesity.

Unlabelled: To evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on the cardiorespiratory performance and substrate oxidation pattern in insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive obese adolescents.

Methods: We recruited 25 obese adolescents in three schools, and trained them in six HIT sessions, comprising of six series at 100% and recovery at 50% peak velocity (Vpeak). For the evaluation, the participants were divided into two groups: insulin-resistant (IR, n = 12; HOMA index ≥3.

Whole Exome Sequencing in Patients With Ectopic Posterior Pituitary.

Context: Ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP), a condition in which the posterior pituitary gland is displaced due to defective neuronal migration, is frequently associated with hypopituitarism. Genetic variants play a role, but many cases remain unexplained.

Objective: A large EPP cohort was studied to explore the importance of genetic variants and how they correlate with clinical findings.

Extra-pituitary midline structural abnormalities associated with ectopic posterior pituitary detected on a new rapid MRI protocol (FAST1.2).

Objective: Test if the MRI FAST1.2 protocol can detect extra-pituitary midline structural brain abnormalities in patients with ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP), and highlighting their radiological-laboratory correlations.

Subjects And Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with EPP and control group.

Adding T2-Weighted Images to FAST1 Protocol to Evaluate the Anatomy of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Region.

Introduction: Ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP) is a malformation of the hypothalamic-pituitary region presented as a spectrum from isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) to multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHDs). Our goal was to establish whether the FAST1.2 protocol, which combines the FAST1 protocol with 3D-T2 DRIVE images, could identify the pituitary stalk (PS) and the regional anatomy more accurately.

The impact of COVID-19 in children and adolescents with obesity in Brazil.

Objective: The primary goal of the study was to evaluate weight gain in children and adolescents with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic period, and compare it with the period before the pandemic.

Methods: The sample comprised 68 children with obesity aged between 7 and 18 years, 30 (44.1%) boys and 38 (55.

Inverse Association Between Hypothalamic N-Acetyl Aspartate/Creatine Ratio and Indices of Body Mass in Adolescents with Obesity.

Background: Approximately 10% of adolescents worldwide are overweight or obese, hence the urgent and universal need to elucidate possible mechanisms that lead to obesity in the adolescent population.

Objectives: We examined the hypothalamic metabolism and its relationship with physical development in obese and eutrophic adolescents.

Methods: We performed a case-control study with 115 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age, to compare obese (BMI z-score ≥ 2) and nonobese individuals (eutrophic controls; BMI z-score ≤ 1).

Childhood obesity: an ecological perspective.

Objective: To describe the participation of the environment in the childhood obesity epidemic, since childhood obesity currently represents a great challenge, with high prevalence worldwide, including in Brazil.

Data Source: Survey of articles published in the last 10 years in PubMed, evaluating the interface between the environment and childhood obesity.

Data Synthesis: Recent studies show that the environment is very important in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities.

Simulated vehicle exhaust exposure induces sex-dependent behavioral deficits in rats.

Chronic exposure to vehicle exhaust emissions are known to cause several adverse health effects. In this study, we examined the impact of several parameters of behavioral, cardiovascular and biochemical functions upon exposure of pro-oxidants CO, NO and CO (simulated vehicle exhaust exposure: SVEE) in male and female rats. Adult rats were subjected to SVEE or ambient air in whole body chambers (5 h/day, 2 weeks).

Sex-Dependent Dyslipidemia and Neuro-Humoral Alterations Leading to Further Cardiovascular Risk in Juvenile Obesity.

Childhood obesity is a growing concern as the World Health Organization (WHO) states that ~10% of adolescents worldwide are overweight or obese. This condition is the reflex of energy imbalance between the calories consumed and those expended. Sex-related responses associated with dyslipidemia, hormonal alterations, and neuro-humoral disruptions in childhood obesity are the focus of the present investigation.

Requirement of FAT and DCHS protocadherins during hypothalamic-pituitary development.

Pituitary developmental defects lead to partial or complete hormone deficiency and significant health problems. The majority of cases are sporadic and of unknown cause. We screened 28 patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) for mutations in the FAT/DCHS family of protocadherins that have high functional redundancy.

Cross-Site Process Evaluation Results for the Early Childhood Education Center Setting: CORD Study.

The project aimed to deliver evidence-based obesity prevention interventions to at-risk families at three demonstration sites. The interventions were delivered in multiple settings, including early childhood education centers (ECECs), public schools, and primary care clinics. An evaluation center conducted cross-site process, impact, and sustainability evaluations.

Simulated vehicle exhaust exposure (SVEE) in rats impairs renal mitochondrial function.

Purpose:  Vehicle exhaust emissions primarily comprise of nitrogen, oxygen, water, CO, NO, CO, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. While adverse effects of hydrocarbon and particulate matter on cardiovascular functions are known, the effect of pro-oxidants CO, NO and CO are not clear.

Methods:  Here, using an animal model of a simulated mixture of pro-oxidants (0.

Protective effect of propranolol and nadolol on social defeat-induced behavioral impairments in rats.

Benzodiazepines and SSRIs are considered as standard treatment options for anxiety and depression, hallmarks of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), although their use is often limited by adverse effects. While promising evidence emerged with β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonists (or 'β-blockers') and PTSD relief, efficacy issues dampened the excitement. However, we believe it is premature to completely eliminate a beneficial role of β-blockers.

Evaluating sustainability in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project: the model and process.

Background: In the context of health-related interventions, sustainability is the capacity to maintain the changes resulting from the intervention. These can be improved policies, practices or trends intended to improve population health. The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project was a multi-site, multi-intervention collaboration testing the Obesity Chronic Care Model with interventions for childhood obesity prevention and management.

Assessment of intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and intraluminal diameter of the brachial artery as cardiovascular risk markers in Brazilian adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Background The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) and endothelial dysfunction are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Objectives To evaluate the correlation between cIMT, brachial intraluminal diameter and flow-mediated vasodilation on the reactive hyperemia phase in adolescents with obesity with predictors of CV risk. Methods Seventy-three pubertal patients with overweight or obesity were evaluated (45 girls) with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 12.

Pollen Allergy Suppression Effect by the Oral Administration of Acetic Acid Bacteria ().

Background/aim: Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) is an acetic acid bacterium of vinegar production. Its anti-allergic effect on mice upon oral administration was examined.

Elastography for the evaluation of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of elastography (using manual compression) as an additional diagnostic tool for children and adolescents with thyroid nodules.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between September 2012 and August 2013 at a hospital in Brazil. We performed elastography, ultrasound, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy in 32 patients between 6 and 18 years of age who had, in total, 38 thyroid nodules.

Bone age determination in eutrophic, overweight and obese Brazilian children and adolescents: a comparison between computerized BoneXpert and Greulich-Pyle methods.

Background: Bone age determination is usually employed to evaluate growth disorders and their treatment. The Greulich-Pyle method is the simplest and most frequently used type of evaluation, but it presents huge interobserver variability. The BoneXpert is a computer-automated method developed to avoid significant bone age variability among distinct observers.

Early Life Sleep Deprivation: Role of Oxido-Inflammatory Processes.

The adverse consequences of early-life sleep deprivation on mental health are well recognized, yet many aspects remain unknown, therefore, animal studies can offer useful insights. Male Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day (PND) 19 were subjected to sleep deprivation (SD) for 14 days (6-8 hours/day). Control (CON) rats were gently handled.

Influence of the antiretroviral therapy on the growth pattern of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS.

Objective: Weight and height growth impairment is one of the most frequent manifestations in HIV-infected children and may be the first sign of disease, being considered a marker of disease progression and an independent risk factor for death. The aim of this review is to evaluate the influence of antiretroviral therapy on the growth pattern of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS.

Source Of Data: A non-systematic review was carried out in the PubMed database, with the terms "HIV", "Weight and height growth", "ART" and "children".