Occupational exposures and coronary heart disease in the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among adults in Germany. There is evidence that occupational exposure to particulate matter, noise, psychosocial stressors, shift work and high physical workload are associated with CHD. The aim of this study is to identify occupations that are associated with CHD and to elaborate on occupational exposures associated with CHD by using the job exposure matrix (JEM) BAuA-JEM ETB 2018 in a German study population.

The master male sex determinant Gdf6Y of the turquoise killifish arose through allelic neofunctionalization.

Although sex determination is a fundamental process in vertebrate development, it is very plastic. Diverse genes became major sex determinants in teleost fishes. Deciphering how individual sex-determining genes orchestrate sex determination can reveal new actors in sexual development.

Analysis of different strains of the turquoise killifish identify transcriptomic signatures associated with heritable lifespan differences.

The African turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri represents an emerging short-lived model for aging research. Captive strains of this species are characterized by large differences in lifespan. To identify the gene expression correlates of this lifespan differences, we analyzed a public transcriptomic dataset consisting of four different tissues in addition to embryos.

1-[(2-Chloro-phen-yl)di-phenyl-meth-yl]-1-pyrazole.

The title compound CHClN, also named as TRAM-34, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group 2/n. The dihedral angles between the pyrazole ring and the three six-membered rings are 62.28 (9), 69.

Chronic Disease Management of Early Childhood Dental Caries: Practices of US Pediatric Dentists.

Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC), dental cavities in children younger than 6 years, is common, consequential, and inequitably concentrated among socially disadvantaged children. The World Health Organization and authoritative clinical and public health agencies promote 4 chronic disease management (CDM) approaches that are low-cost and can be delivered in home and community sites: pharmacologic, behavioral, monitoring, and minimally invasive dentistry (MID). The extent of adoption of these approaches among US pediatric dentists is unknown.

The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between health literacy, health status and psychological well-being among German trainees and students in nursing.

Introduction: Health literacy is considered a determinant of several health-related behaviors and outcomes. Health literacy can be seen as a particularly relevant resource for health maintenance and promotion for young adults at the beginning of their challenging vocational training in nursing. However, the underlying mechanisms and the roles of other influencing factors such as self-efficacy remain unclear and need to be understood to successfully tailor interventions.

Integrative development of a concise screening questionnaire for early detection of pregnant women at risk for dystrophy.

Background: Maintaining a healthy diet during pregnancy is vital for reducing the risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, conventional methods of assessing the dietary behavior of pregnant women, such as the FFQ, are often time-consuming. This study aims to develop a concise nutritional screening questionnaire tailored for pregnant women, empowering prenatal healthcare providers to quickly identify key adverse dietary behaviors and provide targeted guidance.

Neoadjuvant atezolizumab + chemotherapy for resectable NSCLC: 3-year clinical update of phase II clinical trial results and translational findings.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has achieved overall survival (OS) benefit for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we present outcomes after 3 years of follow-up from the first reported study of neoadjuvant atezolizumab+chemotherapy.

Methods: This open-label, multicenter single-arm investigator-initiated phase II study conducted at three US hospitals tested up to four cycles of atezolizumab, carboplatin, and nab-paclitaxel prior to surgery.

Mindfulness-Based Integrative Programme: The effectiveness, acceptability, and predictors of responses to a novel low-dose mindfulness-based intervention.

Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have shown promising results in improving mental health in the general population. However, traditional MBIs require substantial time and effort due to the high dose of mindfulness practice, which makes them inaccessible to many individuals. This study aimed to (1) test the effectiveness of a novel low-dose MBI-Mindfulness-Based Integrative Programme (MBIP)-delivered synchronously online, on mental health symptom severity, emotion regulation, and trait mindfulness in the general population; (2) test the acceptability of this intervention; and (3) identify baseline characteristics that may predict changes in emotion regulation.

A Defined Diet Combined with Sonicated Inoculum Provides a High Incidence, Moderate Severity Form of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG)-peptide induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. However, its severity and incidence vary within and between laboratories. Severe scores can lead to premature termination and are both unnecessary for readouts and detrimental to animal welfare.

Factors influencing the course of post-COVID-19-related symptoms: A bidirectional cohort study among employees in health and welfare services in Germany.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trajectory of persistent symptoms following COVID-19 and to investigate factors influencing these among employees in the health and welfare services in Germany.

Methods: This exploratory, mixed retro- and prospective cohort study using paper-and-pencil questionnaires was conducted among insured persons of the German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the health and welfare services with a SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020. The baseline survey in February 2021 was succeeded by two follow-up surveys after 8 and 13 months.

Mass-Guided Single-Cell MALDI Imaging of Low-Mass Metabolites Reveals Cellular Activation Markers.

Single-cell MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of lipids and metabolites >200 Da has recently come to the forefront of biomedical research and chemical biology. However, cell-targeting and metabolome-preserving methods for analysis of low mass, hydrophilic metabolites (<200 Da) in large cell populations are lacking. Here, the PRISM-MS (PRescan Imaging for Small Molecule - Mass Spectrometry) mass-guided MSI workflow is presented, which enables space-efficient single cell lipid and metabolite analysis.

Frontoparietal Structural Network Disconnections Correlate With Outcome After a Severe Stroke.

Structural disconnectome analyses have provided valuable insights into how a stroke lesion results in widespread network disturbances and how these relate to deficits, recovery patterns, and outcomes. Previous analyses have primarily focused on patients with relatively mild to moderate deficits. However, outcomes vary among survivors of severe strokes, and the mechanisms of recovery remain poorly understood.

Integration of transcriptomics, proteomics and loss-of-function screening reveals WEE1 as a target for combination with dasatinib against proneural glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is characterized by a pronounced resistance to therapy with dismal prognosis. Transcriptomics classify glioblastoma into proneural (PN), mesenchymal (MES) and classical (CL) subtypes that show differential resistance to targeted therapies. The aim of this study was to provide a viable approach for identifying combination therapies in glioblastoma subtypes.

Augmenting the availability of historical GDP per capita estimates through machine learning.

Can we use data on the biographies of historical figures to estimate the GDP per capita of countries and regions? Here, we introduce a machine learning method to estimate the GDP per capita of dozens of countries and hundreds of regions in Europe and North America for the past seven centuries starting from data on the places of birth, death, and occupations of hundreds of thousands of historical figures. We build an elastic net regression model to perform feature selection and generate out-of-sample estimates that explain 90% of the variance in known historical income levels. We use this model to generate GDP per capita estimates for countries, regions, and time periods for which these data are not available and externally validate our estimates by comparing them with four proxies of economic output: urbanization rates in the past 500 y, body height in the 18 century, well-being in 1850, and church building activity in the 14 and 15 century.

Probing the glioma micro-environment: Analysis using biopsy in combination with ultra-fast cyclic immunolabeling.

The interaction between gliomas and the immune system is poorly understood and thus hindering development of effective immunotherapies for glioma patients. The immune response is highly variable during tumor development, and affected by therapies such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Currently, analysis of these local changes is difficult due to poor accessibility of the tumor and high-morbidity of sampling.

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for the tumorigenesis of choroid plexus.

Background: The choroid plexus (ChP) is the secretory epithelial structure located in the brain ventricles. Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are rare neoplasms predominantly occurring in young patients with intensified malignancy in children. CPT treatment is hindered by insufficient knowledge of tumor pathology and the limited availability of valid models.

Cell type-specific Multi-Omics Analysis of Cocaine Use Disorder in the Human Caudate Nucleus.

Structural and functional alterations in the brain's reward circuitry are present in cocaine use disorder (CocUD), but their molecular underpinnings remain unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, we performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus tissue from six individuals with CocUD and eight controls. We profiled 31,178 nuclei, identifying 13 cell types including D1- and D2-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and glial cells.

The Role of Oxalic Acid in Virulence and Development on Creeping Bentgrass.

Dollar spot is a destructive foliar disease of amenity turfgrass caused by spp. fungi, mainly , on the Northern United States region's cool-season grass. Oxalic acid (OA) is an important pathogenicity factor in related fungal plant pathogens such as ; however, the role of OA in the pathogenic development of remains unclear due to its recalcitrance to genetic manipulation.

Disrupting glioblastoma networks with tumor treating fields (TTFields) in in vitro models.

Purpose: This study investigates the biological effect of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) on key drivers of glioblastoma's malignancy-tumor microtube (TM) formation-and on the function and overall integrity of the tumor cell network.

Method: Using a two-dimensional monoculture GB cell network model (2DTM) of primary glioblastoma cell (GBC) cultures (S24, BG5 or T269), we evaluated the effects of TTFields on cell density, interconnectivity and structural integrity of the tumor network. We also analyzed calcium (Ca) transient dynamics and network morphology, validating findings in patient-derived tumoroids and brain tumor organoids.

Biological and structural investigation of tetrahydro-β-carboline-based selective HDAC6 inhibitors with improved stability.

Our previously reported HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i) Marbostat-100 (4) has provided many arguments for further clinical evaluation. By the substitution of the acidic hydrogen of 4 for different carbon residues, we were able to generate an all-carbon stereocenter, which significantly improves the hydrolytic stability of the inhibitor. Further asymmetric synthesis has shown that the (S)-configured inhibitors preferentially bind to HDAC6.