1DTempPro V2: New Features for Inferring Groundwater/Surface-Water Exchange.

A new version of the computer program 1DTempPro extends the original code to include new capabilities for (1) automated parameter estimation, (2) layer heterogeneity, and (3) time-varying specific discharge. The code serves as an interface to the U.S.

Portable single port 23-gauge vitrectomy in postoperative endophthalmitis.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Intrector(®) for treating postoperative endophthalmitis.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective multicenter study, patients who received a single port 23-gauge core pars plana vitrectomy and isovolumetric injection of vancomycin, ceftazidime, and dexamethasone/amphotericin B using the Intrector(®) for postoperative endophthalmitis of intermediate severity (grade II or III vitreous inflammation and best-corrected visual acuity between hand movements and 0.3 logMAR [logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution]) were evaluated.

A bar-retained overdenture as an external fixator device in a three-dimensional CAD/CAM-based surgical reconstruction of the mandible.

Large defects of the human face often cause esthetic as well as functional disorders. We present a new technique for reconstruction of the mandible with prosthodontic rehabilitation in a single surgery, using the implant-supported, bar-retained overdenture as an external fixator. A 58-year-old patient presented with a near total defect of the mandible after cancer resection.

[Can Postoperative Accelerated Lens Opacification be Limited by Lying in "Face-Down Position" after Vitrectomy with Gas as Tamponade?].

Background: Developing a post-operative cataract after pars-plana vitrectomy (ppV) or core pars-plana vitrectomy (cppV) with gas as tamponade within 6 to 12 months is a common complication and is mostly accepted as unavoidable. Often a combined cataract-ppV surgery in the first place is recommended. The main goal of this study was to analyse the effects of a "face-down positioning" ("fdp") on the lens transparency and the phaco rate.

Binuclear complexes of Ni(I) from 4-terphenyldithiophenol.

Binuclear complexes of Ni(i) have been prepared from a 4-terphenyldithiophenol ligand. Steric effects were found to determine the formation of coordination isomeric structures that differ in the nature of metal-to-ligand bonding. Coordination of spatially demanding phosphine ligands PR3, R = C6H6, C6H11, at nickel sites results in a butterfly shaped thiolate-bridged Ni2(μ-S)2 motif.

Impact of laryngeal tube use on chest compression fraction during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A prospective alternate month study.

Aim: Supraglottic devices are thought to allow efficient ventilation and continuous chest compressions during cardiac arrest. Therefore, the use of supraglottic devices could increase the chest compression fraction (CCF), a critical determinant of patient survival. The aim of this study was to assess the CCF in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients ventilated with a supraglottic device.

Relaxation dynamics and exciton energy transfer in the low-temperature phase of MEH-PPV.

Understanding the effects of aggregation on exciton relaxation and energy transfer is relevant to control photoinduced function in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Here, we explore the photoinduced dynamics in the low-temperature aggregated phase of a conjugated polymer by transient absorption and coherent electronic two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy. Coherent 2D spectroscopy allows observing couplings among photoexcited states and discriminating band shifts from homogeneous broadening, additionally accessing the ultrafast dynamics at various excitation energies simultaneously with high spectral resolution.

[Fiberless miniature chandelier LED endoilluminator for pars plana vitrectomy].

Background: Currently available chandelier endoilluminators for pars plana vitrectomy consist of conventional optical fibers coupled to a light source. The light probes of these fibers now provide wide emittance angles but it is still often not possible to illuminate the whole intraocular space via just one incision. Therefore, several light probes or additional handheld endoilluminators have to be used simultaneously or the lights have to be repositioned during surgery.

Energy Transfer Between Squaraine Polymer Sections: From Helix to Zigzag and All the Way Back.

We provide a joint experimental and theoretical study of squaraine polymers in solution. The absorption spectra show evidence that two different conformations are present in the polymer: a helix and a zigzag structure. This unique situation allows investigating ultrafast energy-transfer processes between different structural segments within a single polymer chain in solution.

An extraocular non-invasive transscleral LED-endoilluminator for eye speculum integration.

Purpose: Conventional chandelier-endoilluminators used for pars-plana vitrectomy consist of a light-emitting tip attached to an optical fibre. The tip requires introduction into the ocular space through an incision. To achieve complete illumination of the intraocular space, the introduction of more than just one tip is sometimes necessary.

Ultrafast Energy Transfer between Disordered and Highly Planarized Chains of Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV).

Upon cooling a solution of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), a phase transition occurs, leading to the formation of aggregates. We have studied the dynamics of singlet excitons in MEH-PPV solution below the critical temperature of the phase transition using steady-state photoluminescence measurements and pump-probe fs-spectroscopy at different temperatures. Spectral analysis indicates the coexistence of disordered chromophores with highly planarized chromophores.

Experience of a serious life event increases the risk for childhood type 1 diabetes: the ABIS population-based prospective cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate whether psychological stress during childhood may be a risk factor for manifest type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The All Babies In Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study invited all families with babies born between 1 October 1997 and 30 September 1999 in southeast Sweden to participate. Our study subsample includes 10,495 participants in at least one of the data collections at 2-3, 5-6, 8 and 10-13 years of age not yet diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at inclusion; 58 children were subsequently diagnosed.

Transcription-dependent generation of a specialized chromatin structure at the TCRβ locus.

V(D)J recombination assembles Ag receptor genes during lymphocyte development. Enhancers at AR loci are known to control V(D)J recombination at associated alleles, in part by increasing chromatin accessibility of the locus, to allow the recombination machinery to gain access to its chromosomal substrates. However, whether there is a specific mechanism to induce chromatin accessibility at AR loci is still unclear.

Shifts in Cyanobacterial Strain Dominance during the Onset of Harmful Algal Blooms in Florida Bay, USA.

Cyanobacteria are fundamental components of aquatic phytoplankton communities and some taxa can cause harmful blooms in coastal ecosystems. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are typically comprised of multiple strains of a single genus or species that cannot be resolved microscopically. Florida Bay, USA, has experienced harmful cyanobacterial blooms that have been associated with the loss of eelgrass, spiny lobsters, and general food web disruption for more than two decades.

Monitoring ultrafast intramolecular proton transfer processes in an unsymmetric β-diketone.

We report the experimental determination of the intramolecular enol-enol tautomerization rate of an unsymmetric β-diketone, benzoylacetone, with femtosecond transient absorption in the ultraviolet. Initially, there is an equilibrium of two possible enolic structures in solution, which is disturbed upon UV excitation by exciting a disproportionate fraction of one enolic form. Comparison to symmetric β-diketones, acetylacetone and dibenzoylmethane, suggests that ground-state proton transfer gives rise to additional dynamics in benzoylacetone due to the dissimilarity of the two enolic forms.

The impact of GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism for the risk of oral cancer.

Objectives: Since development of oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) is triggered by various noxa, different variants of the antioxidant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can counteract toxic compounds (e.g., tobacco smoke).

Managing outbreaks of invasive species--a new method to prioritize preemptive quarantine efforts across large geographic regions.

In pest risk assessment it is frequently necessary to make time-critical decisions regarding management of expanding pest populations. When an invasive pest outbreak is expanding rapidly, preemptive quarantine of areas that are under imminent threat of infestation is one of only a few available management tools that can be implemented quickly to help control the expansion. The preemptive quarantine of locations that surround an infested area also acts as a safeguard to counteract the risk of failed detections of the pest in field surveys.

The effects of elevated CO on the growth and toxicity of field populations and cultures of the saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate, .

The effects of coastal acidification on the growth and toxicity of the saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate were examined in culture and ecosystem studies. In culture experiments, strains isolated from Northport Bay NY, USA, and the Bay of Fundy, Canada, grew significantly faster (16 -190%; <0.05) when exposed to elevated levels of pCO (~ 800- 1900μatm) compared to lower levels (~390μatm).

Recovery of phosphorus from dairy manure: a pilot-scale study.

Phosphorus was recovered from dairy manure via a microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H2O2-AOP) followed by struvite crystallization in a pilot-scale continuous flow operation. Soluble phosphorus in dairy manure increased by over 50% after the MW/H2O2-AOP, and the settleability of suspended solids was greatly improved. More than 50% of clear supernatant was obtained after microwave treatment, and the maximum volume of supernatant was obtained at a hydrogen peroxide dosage of 0.

Identification of a common non-apoptotic cell death mechanism in hereditary retinal degeneration.

Cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is often thought to be governed by apoptosis; however, an increasing body of evidence suggests the involvement of alternative cell death mechanisms in neuronal degeneration. We studied retinal neurodegeneration using 10 different animal models, covering all major groups of hereditary human blindness (rd1, rd2, rd10, Cngb1 KO, Rho KO, S334ter, P23H, Cnga3 KO, cpfl1, Rpe65 KO), by investigating metabolic processes relevant for different forms of cell death. We show that apoptosis plays only a minor role in the inherited forms of retinal neurodegeneration studied, where instead, a non-apoptotic degenerative mechanism common to all mutants is of major importance.

Measuring snow liquid water content with low-cost GPS receivers.

The amount of liquid water in snow characterizes the wetness of a snowpack. Its temporal evolution plays an important role for wet-snow avalanche prediction, as well as the onset of meltwater release and water availability estimations within a river basin. However, it is still a challenge and a not yet satisfyingly solved issue to measure the liquid water content (LWC) in snow with conventional in situ and remote sensing techniques.

Impact of intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia in outcomes of prehospital cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is recommended as soon as possible after the return of spontaneous circulation to improve outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Preclinical data suggest that the benefit of TH could be increased if treatment is started during cardiac arrest. We aimed to study the impact of intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia (IATH) on neurological injury and inflammation following OHCA.

Ultrafast UV-induced photoisomerization of intramolecularly H-bonded symmetric β-diketones.

In photoinduced molecular reaction dynamics, the effects of electronic charge redistribution can lead to multiple pathways that are determined by the nature of the initial structures involved and the environment the molecule of interest is studied in. The β-diketones are a common example of this complexity. They show keto-enol tautomerism that is almost totally shifted toward the enolic form.

Traumatic injuries in professional dance-past and present: ballet injuries in Berlin, 1994/95 and 2011/12.

Objective: The physical requirement profile for professional dancers has changed significantly during the past decades. The aim of this first comparative study is to present a differentiated analysis of work-related traumatic injuries sustained by professional ballet dancers at the end of the 20th century (1994/95) and now (2011/12).

Methods: The data for evaluation were obtained from work accident reports (n=241; 1994/95, n=155; 2011/12, n=86) from three Berlin theatres.

Using a network model to assess risk of forest pest spread via recreational travel.

Long-distance dispersal pathways, which frequently relate to human activities, facilitate the spread of alien species. One pathway of concern in North America is the possible spread of forest pests in firewood carried by visitors to campgrounds or recreational facilities. We present a network model depicting the movement of campers and, by extension, potentially infested firewood.