Enhancing Radiation Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Through Metabolic Modulation by Mito-Lonidamine: A H and P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Radiation therapy (RT) is the cornerstone treatment for prostate cancer; however, it frequently induces gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities that substantially diminish the patients' quality of life. While many individuals experience transient side effects, a subset endures persistent, long-term complications. A promising strategy to mitigate these toxicities involves enhancing tumor radiosensitivity, potentially allowing for lower radiation doses.

Local erythropoiesis directs oxygen availability in bone fracture repair.

Bone fracture ruptures blood vessels and disrupts the bone marrow, the site of new red blood cell production (erythropoiesis). Current dogma holds that bone fracture causes severe hypoxia at the fracture site, due to vascular rupture, and that this hypoxia must be overcome for regeneration. Here, we show that the early fracture site is not hypoxic, but instead exhibits high oxygen tension (> 55 mmHg, or 8%), similar to the red blood cell reservoir, the spleen.

Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: An Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) Clinical Practice Guideline.

(1) Background: To make recommendations on the most effective therapy options for Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (DCIS) patients; (2) Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO databases, and main relevant guideline websites were searched. Draft versions of the guideline went through formal internal and external reviews, with a final approval by the Program in Evidence Based Care and the DCIS Expert Panel. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was followed; (3) Results: Based on the current evidence from the systematic review and this guideline authors' clinical opinions, initial draft recommendations were developed to improve the management of patients with DCIS.

Optimization of the cardiac delirium index by including age, decrease in butyrylcholinesterase actitivity, preoperative HbA1c, and postoperative hemoglobin levels: results of a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Postoperative delirium (POD) after cardiac surgery significantly affects the perioperative morbidity and mortality. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme primarily produced in the liver, which plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of acetylcholine outside of neuronal synapses, referred to as extraneuronal hydrolysis. The integration of BChE activity into the cardiac delirium (CARDEL) index might increase its predictive power for identifying POD after cardiac surgery.

From text to insight: large language models for chemical data extraction.

The vast majority of chemical knowledge exists in unstructured natural language, yet structured data is crucial for innovative and systematic materials design. Traditionally, the field has relied on manual curation and partial automation for data extraction for specific use cases. The advent of large language models (LLMs) represents a significant shift, potentially enabling non-experts to extract structured, actionable data from unstructured text efficiently.

Online Monitoring of Catalytic Processes by Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

An innovative solution for real-time monitoring of reactions within confined spaces, optimized for Raman spectroscopy applications, is presented. This approach involves the utilization of a hollow-core waveguide configured as a compact flow cell, serving both as a conduit for Raman excitation and scattering and seamlessly integrating into the effluent stream of a cracking catalytic reactor. The analytical technique, encompassing device and optical design, ensures robustness, compactness, and cost-effectiveness for implementation into process facilities.

Association of intraoperative hypotension and cumulative norepinephrine dose with postoperative acute kidney injury in patients having noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Intraoperative hypotension is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). Clinicians thus frequently use vasopressors, such as norepinephrine, to maintain blood pressure. However, vasopressors themselves might promote AKI.

Cleavage of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) by ADAMTS4 generates a neoepitope associated with osteoarthritis and other forms of degenerative joint disease.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease, affecting millions of people worldwide and characterized by degradation of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling and low-grade inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness and disability. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) is a major structural component of cartilage and its degradation has been proposed as a marker of OA severity/progression. Several proteases cleave COMP in vitro, however, it is unclear which of these COMPase activities is prevalent in an osteoarthritic joint.

Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 resistance in solid tumours.

Cancer immunotherapies with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules are clinically active across multiple cancer entities and have markedly improved cancer treatment. Yet, response rates are still limited, and tumour progression commonly occurs. Soluble and cell-bound factors in the tumour microenvironment negatively affect cancer immunity.

Laryngeal Mucosal Tumor Mapping with Narrow Band Imaging and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) represents an emerging probe-based intraoperative optical imaging modality, contingent on differential fluoroscein uptake, equipped to improve intraoperative identification of subclinical mucosal disease. In the analysis herein, we describe improved sensitivity, compared to narrow band imaging and small-volume tissue biopsies, of CLE in the discrimination of occult disease based on cellular and subcellular morphology during endoscopic resection of early-staged larynx cancers. Laryngoscope, 2024.

A single-chain variable fragment-based bispecific T-cell activating antibody against CD117 enables T-cell mediated lysis of acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) derives from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). To date, no AML-exclusive, non-HSPC-expressed cell-surface target molecules for AML selective immunotherapy have been identified. Therefore, to still apply surface-directed immunotherapy in this disease setting, time-limited combined immune-targeting of AML cells and healthy HSPCs, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), might be a viable therapeutic approach.

Improved Three-Dimensional Reconstructions in Electron Ptychography through Defocus Series Measurements.

A detailed analysis of ptychography for three-dimensional (3D) phase reconstructions of thick specimens is performed. We introduce multi-focus ptychography, which incorporates a 4D-STEM defocus series to enhance the quality of 3D reconstructions along the beam direction through a higher overdetermination ratio. This method is compared with established multi-slice ptychography techniques, such as conventional ptychography, regularized ptychography, and multi-mode ptychography.

Chronic active lesions preferentially localize in watershed territories in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a biomarker of chronic active lesions (CALs), and an important driver of neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The reason subtending some acute lesions evolvement into CALs is not known. Here we ask whether a relatively lower oxygen content is linked to CALs.

The reference window for reduced perturbation of the reference wave in electrical biasing off-axis electron holography.

The perturbation of the reference wave due to electric stray fields represents a major challenge in quantitative electron holographic investigations. By introducing a focused-ion-beam-milled rectangular hole, the reference window, in an area of nearly constant electrostatic potential of the sample, this perturbation can be significantly reduced. The edge of the window forms a closed conducting loop, acting similarly to a Faraday cage, shielding the influence of the stray field on the reference wave to some extent.

Long-term effects of transition milk feeding on feed intake, growth performance, feeding behavior, and oxidative status of Holstein calves.

This study investigated the long-term effects of feeding 5-d transition milk (TRANS) compared with milk replacer (MR) on parameters including intake, growth, feeding behavior, and oxidative stress. Fifty Holstein calves (30 females and 20 males) were fed 12 L/d of either TRANS or MR for the first 5 d after an initial colostrum feeding of 3.5 L.

Numerical evaluation of orientation averages and its application to molecular physics.

In molecular physics, it is often necessary to average over the orientation of molecules when calculating observables, in particular when modeling experiments in the liquid or gas phase. Evaluated in terms of Euler angles, this is closely related to integration over two- or three-dimensional unit spheres, a common problem discussed in numerical analysis. The computational cost of the integration depends significantly on the quadrature method, making the selection of an appropriate method crucial for the feasibility of simulations.

Identification and characterization of human GDF15 knockouts.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a secreted protein that regulates food intake, body weight and stress responses in pre-clinical models. The physiological function of GDF15 in humans remains unclear. Pharmacologically, GDF15 agonism in humans causes nausea without accompanying weight loss, and GDF15 antagonism is being tested in clinical trials to treat cachexia and anorexia.

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin accelerate particle transport velocity in murine tracheal epithelium via substance-specific receptor pathways: dependency on intra- and extracellular Ca sources.

Background: The unique ability of the respiratory tract to protect the integrity of the airways by removing potentially harmful substances is defined as mucociliary clearance. This complex physiological mechanism protects the lower airways by ridding them of pollutants and pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the potential influence of clinically relevant vasopressors on mucociliary clearance.

Laser-induced tuning of crystallization in tetracene thin films.

This study explores how laser light affects the morphology of tetracene films, and it presents novel strategies for improving the creation of thin films used in (opto-)electronic devices. We demonstrate that laser light (532 nm, 1.1 W mm), applied during tetracene deposition, not only increases grain size but also induces photoalignment.

Postoperative Fluid Accumulation is Associated With Underestimation of AKI Severity in Lung Transplant Recipients.

Background: Post-lung transplantation (LTx) fluid accumulation can lead to dilution of serum creatinine (SCr). We hypothesized that fluid accumulation might impact the diagnosis, staging, and outcome of posttransplant acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 131 adult LTx patients at a single German lung center between 2005 and 2018.