[Actual Duration of Postgraduate Training of Medical Residents in Germany: Results of the KarMed Study Ten Years After Physician Licensure].

Background: Professional qualification as a doctor of medicine includes completion of medical studies and residency. Data on the real duration of residency are currently not assessed systematically in Germany.

Objectives: Our study aimed to analyze data on the real length of residency under consideration of area of expertise (specialization), part-time working, grades after school and medical studies, gender, and parenthood of the physicians in residency.

[Influence of partnership on burnout and gratification crisis in residents considering the distribution of house work and working time].

Social support through the partner can have an impact on work related stress perception of physicians. So far, there is no empirical data on the association of gratification crisis and social support through the partner in physician's profession. This study evaluates the effects of social support, in terms of distribution of house work and amount of working time within a partnership, on burnout and gratification crisis of residents.

Changes in bodily complaints (PHQ-15) over six years in a large general population sample.

Objective: The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is a widely used instrument for measuring bodily complaints. The aims of this study were to analyze changes of bodily complaints over a six-year period in a large general population community sample, to test age and sex differences in these changes, and to examine associations between these changes and changes in other health-related variables.

Methods: A total of 4821 adult subjects took part this longitudinal study at baseline (t1) and six years later (t2).

[Persistent fatigue symptoms following COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers: risk factors and impact on quality of life].

Background And Objectives: Employees from medical and nursing professions are at increased risk for a SARS-CoV‑2 infection and thus more frequently affected by COVID-19 sequelae. Previous studies have identified post-viral fatigue as the most common sequelae. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors and effects induced by clinically relevant fatigue symptoms following a COVID-19 infection of healthcare workers.

[The Impact of Parenthood, Support, and Short-Term Contracts on Work-Family Conflict of Female and Male Residents' Career].

Background: Work factors and work-family interference play an important role in physicians leaving clinical practice.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine residents' work-family conflict and family-work conflict in association with parental status, perceived support, and short-term contracts.

Material And Methods: Data acquisition was carried out within the multi-centric and prospective "KarMed" study in Germany at the end of the postgraduate training in 2016 (N=433).

Long-term outcomes of children with severe chronic pain: Comparison of former patients with a community sample.

Background: Findings on the short- and long-term effectiveness of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) for children with severe chronic functional pain are promising. However, a definitive appraisal of long-term effectiveness cannot be made due to a lack of comparison groups. The aim of the present study was to compare the health status of former patients with the health status of an age- and sex-matched comparison group from the community.

[Analysis of career and life satisfaction of women residents with children during their postgraduate training compared to male colleagues: A longitudinal analysis as part of the KarMed study].

Objective: Former results of the KarMed study revealed a significant decrease in the career satisfaction of female physicians with children in the course of their postgraduate training compared to male physicians with children. Yet, female physicians with children showed the highest scores on satisfaction with life at the fourth year of postgraduate training. The present study evaluates whether the different courses of career satisfaction and life satisfaction of female physicians compared to male physicians are caused by parental status.

[Reflections on the attractiveness of General Internal Medicine and its Sub-Specialties in German Postgraduate Medical Education].

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the number of physicians who chose internal medicine for their postgraduate training, their development over the 6-year period of training and whether there were changes in their preferences regarding future work sector and working hours, with a focus on gender-specific differences.

Methodology: Annual postal surveys were conducted of a cohort of undergraduate students (N=1.012) in their final year of study 2008/09, and during the six years of their postgraduate training.

Associations between self-rated health and the assessments of anchoring vignettes in cardiovascular patients.

Background/objective: Assessments of health can be biased by response shift effects. One method for detecting such effects is the use of anchoring vignettes. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between participants' self-assessed health state and their assessments of these vignettes.

Burnout is associated with work-family conflict and gratification crisis among German resident physicians.

Background: Studies investigating the longitudinal predictive value of burnout on both effort-reward imbalance (within the working place) and work-family conflict (between work and private life) in residents are lacking. Former cross-sectional studies showed an association of effort-reward imbalance and work family conflict with an elevated burnout risk in physicians.

Methods: Data acquisition was carried out within the multi-centric, longitudinal, and prospective "KarMed" study in Germany from 2009 until 2016.

[Burnout and Gratification Crises in Female and Male Physicians during Postgraduate Medical Education in Germany - A Longitudinal Study].

Several studies have demonstrated high work related stress and burnout symptoms in physicians. The study examined the longitudinal relationships of burnout and gratification crisis during 6 years of postgraduate medical education, controlled for gender and parental status. Data acquisition was carried out within the KarMed-study.

[Longitudinal evaluation of female and male medical residents' career satisfaction].

Objective: Evaluation of longitudinal data of German medical residents' career satisfaction and its dependency on perceived delays in obtaining the degree as a medical specialist, as well as postgraduate training quality, controlled for gender, parental status, and specialty choice.

Methods: Data was collected within the KarMed study. The first data collection (T0) was conducted in 2008/2009 at the end of the practical year.

[Evaluation of Germany's Sixth National Health Target Entitled "Depressive Illnesses - Prevention, Early Diagnosis, Sustainable Treatment": Developments over the Last 10 Years].

Background: Revision of the evaluation concept of Germany's sixth national health target entitled "Depressive illnesses - prevention, early diagnosis, sustainable treatment" developed in 2006.

Objectives: Analysis of available of data since 2006 to determine if the objectives of the health target and its sub-goals (awareness, prevention, diagnosis/indication/therapy, health care structure, patient empowerment, rehabilitation) were achieved.

Materials And Methods: The 6 sub-goals were screened in terms of indicators of progress towards goal over the last decade, and then examined for accessible data sources.

[What is Known About the Real Length of Postgraduate Medical Education in Germany?].

Objective: This study examines the real length of postgraduate medical education in Germany. The regulations define minimal time periods in months for each discipline. We especially analyze the differences between minimum and real length, as well as the percentages of interrupting or dropping out physicians by gender.

Social support in the general population: standardization of the Oslo social support scale (OSSS-3).

Background: The objectives of the study were to generate normative data for the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) for different age groups for men and women and to further investigate the factor structure in the general population.

Methods: Nationally representative face-to face household surveys were conducted in Germany in 2008 (n = 2524).

Results: Normative data for the Oslo Social Support Scale were generated for men and women (52.

Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), derived from a large German community sample.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), to provide normative values, and to analyze associations between life satisfaction and sociodemographic and behavioral data.

Methods: A German community sample (n = 9711) with an age range of 18-80 years was surveyed using the SWLS and several other questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the dimensionality of the SWLS.

Resilient coping in the general population: standardization of the brief resilient coping scale (BRCS).

Background: There has been a marked tendency for researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to shift their focus from risk to resilience. This should be assessed by comparing the outcome to a context specific reference group. The objectives of the study were to generate normative data for the BRCS for different age groups for men and women and to further investigate the construct validity and factor structure in a general population.

Prenatal stress perception and coping strategies: Insights from a longitudinal prospective pregnancy cohort.

Objective: Prenatal distress has been linked to pregnancy complications and poor offspring's health, despite the fact that longitudinal assessments of various stress dimensions are still lacking. Hence, we aimed to assess perceived stress over the course of pregnancy. Moreover, we examined whether social support and coping styles are linked to prenatal stress trajectories.

Frequency of somatic symptoms in the general population: Normative values for the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15).

Background: The PHQ-15 is widely used as an open access screening instrument for somatic symptoms in different health care settings. The objectives of the study were to contribute to the construct validity and to generate normative data for the PHQ-15.

Methods: The survey was conducted in the general population in Germany from August 2011 to November 2014 (n=9250).

Optimism and pessimism in the general population: Psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R).

: The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) is often used to assess dispositional optimism. The aims of this study were to test psychometric properties of the LOT-R, to provide normative scores, and to test the association between optimism and several psychological, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors. : A randomly selected German general population community sample with an age range of 18-80 years ( = 9,711) was surveyed.

Childhood adversities and distress - The role of resilience in a representative sample.

While adverse childhood experiences have been shown to contribute to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, specifically distress and somatic symptoms, few studies have examined their joint effects with resilient coping style on adult adjustment. Hence, we aim to determine the association between resilient coping and distress in participants with and without reported childhood adversities. A representative German community sample (N = 2508) between 14-92 years (1334 women; 1174 men) was examined by the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Brief Resilience Coping Scale, standardized scales of distress and somatoform symptoms.

Perceived stress in first year medical students - associations with personal resources and emotional distress.

Background: Medical students have been found to report high levels of perceived stress, yet there is a lack of theoretical frameworks examining possible reasons. This cross-sectional study examines correlates of perceived stress in medical students on the basis of a conceptual stress model originally developed for and applied to the general population. The aim was to identify via structural equation modeling the associations between perceived stress and emotional distress (anxiety and depression), taking into account the activation of personal resources (optimism, self-efficacy and resilient coping).

Normative values of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), derived from a large German sample.

Purpose: Daytime sleepiness is associated with several medical problems. The aim of this paper is to provide normative values for one of the most often used questionnaires measuring daytime sleepiness, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Methods: A large sample of 9711 people from the German general population took part in this study.

Assessment of depression severity with the PHQ-9 in cancer patients and in the general population.

Background: The Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 is a widely used instrument to screen for depression in clinical research. The first aim of this study was to psychometrically test the PHQ-9 in a large sample of cancer patients. The second aim was to calculate unbiased estimates of the depression burden for several cancer groups taking into account age and gender distributions.