Effect of Estimated Individual Vitreous Volume on Intraocular Pressure Spikes After Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Injection.

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of estimated individual vitreous volume on intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections (IVI).

Methods: Vitreous volumes (VV) of eyes were calculated using an axial length (AL) based formula AL3 x (π/6) x 0.76+0.

Resolution of choroidal effusion and serous retinal detachment after PASCAL photocoagulation in a patient with diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To present a rare case of PASCAL photocoagulation-induced choroidal effusion and serous retinal detachment in a patient with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: A case report.

Case Description: A 68-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with decreased vision in both eyes.

The role of the Chitinase 3-Like 1 (CHI3L1) genes in the preeclampsia pathophysiology.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Chitinase 3-Like 1 gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of preeclampsia in a selected cohort of pregnant women.

Methods: A total of 75 pregnant women participated in the study, 35 of whom were diagnosed with preeclampsia, while 40 served as healthy controls. The preeclamptic group was subdivided based on severity.

Is serum BDNF level relıable parameter ın detectıng of dental anxıety before ımpacted thırd molar surgery?

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a factor that implicate in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dental anxiety and BDNF serum level through impacted third molar surgery.

Material And Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, cross-sectional study, the sample included patients who had been admitted for the impacted third molar extraction under local anesthesia between January to November 2020.

Unusual Metastasis to Eyelid from Extraocular Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an unusual skin tumor that has a significant rate of distant and local metastases. It is known that primary MCC of the eyelid usually occurs at the upper eyelid. Here we report an unusual case of MCC metastasis to the eyelid.

Possible role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of chronic adenoiditis and adenoid hypertrophy: A prospective, parallel-group study.

Background: Adenoid tissue is a first-line host defense secondary lymphoid organ, especially in childhood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required to maintain balanced cellular activity. With impaired ER functions, protein accumulation occurs, resulting in ER stress, which plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases.

Prematurity May Affect the Postoperative Sensory Results in Children With Strabismus.

Purpose: To analyze the motor and sensory outcomes of strabismus surgery in children born preterm (premature group) and full-term (control group).

Methods: The study was performed at a tertiary university hospital. Children who underwent strabismus surgery between 2012 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Olfactory bulbectomy leads to prolonged induction phase of sevoflurane anesthesia in rats.

The effect of olfactory bulb lesions on the induction time of sevoflurane has never been studied. We aimed to investigate this issue. In this study, we found that the volume of olfactory bulbs and the pore of the fila olfactoria were significantly lower with the fibrosis of olfactory bulbs in animals subjected to olfactory bulbectomy.

Diagnosis of Immunoglobulin G4-related disease in a child with ligneous conjunctivitis: a novel mutation in plasminogen gene and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 polymorphism.

Objectives: Ligneous conjunctivitis (LC) is a chronic conjunctivitis characterized by recurrent, firm, fibrin-rich, woody pseudomembranes on the palpebral conjunctiva. It is an ultrarare autosomal recessive disease associated with congenital plasminogen (PLG) deficiency due to mutations in the PLG gene (6q26). Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an idiopathic, systemic fibroinflammatory disease characterized by elevated serum IgG4 concentration and tissue infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells leading to organ enlargement, fibrosis and damage.

Case report: Artemis deficiency and 3M syndrome-coexistence of two distinct genetic disorders.

The presence of two different genetic conditions in the same individual is possible, especially in populations with consanguinity. In this case report, we present the coexistence of Artemis deficiency (OMIM 602450) and Three M (3M) syndrome (OMIM 273750). A 10-months-old male patient with neuromotor developmental delay was evaluated for immunodeficiency due to recurrent respiratory infections diarrhea and oral moniliasis from the age of 1.

Ranibizumab or Aflibercept Monotherapies in Treatment-Naive Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema: A Head-to-Head Comparison in Real-Life Experience.

Objectives: To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of ranibizumab and aflibercept monotherapies given according to a pro re nata (PRN) protocol in treatment-naive eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) in a real-life clinical setting.

Materials And Methods: The medical charts of treatment-naive patients with center-involved DME retrieved from our institutional database were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. A total of 512 treatment-naive eyes with DME underwent either ranibizumab (Group I; 308 eyes) or aflibercept (Group II; 204 eyes) monotherapy and 462 patients were included.

SBT-272 improves TDP-43 pathology in ALS upper motor neurons by modulating mitochondrial integrity, motility, and function.

Mitochondrial defects are one of the common underlying causes of neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and TDP-43 pathology is the most commonly observed proteinopathy. Disrupted inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) reported in the upper motor neurons (UMNs) of ALS patients with TDP-43 pathology is recapitulated in the UMNs of well-characterized hTDP-43 mouse model of ALS. The construct validity, such as shared and common cellular pathology in mice and human, offers a unique opportunity to test treatment strategies that may translate to patients.

Intravitreal Ranibizumab and Dexamethasone Implant Injections as Primary Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: The Month 24 Results from Simultaneously Double Protocol.

Purpose: To compare efficacy of simultaneously administered intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX implant) and ranibizumab (simultaneous double protocol) injections with ranibizumab monotherapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) at month 24.

Methods: This is a prospective, consecutive, clinical interventional study. Naïve eyes with DME were randomized into two groups: 34 eyes received simultaneous double-protocol therapy and 34 eyes received ranibizumab monotherapy.

Contribution of genotypes in Prothrombin and Factor V Leiden to COVID-19 and disease severity in patients at high risk for hereditary thrombophilia.

Thrombotic and microangiopathic effects have been reported in COVID-19 patients. This study examined the contribution of the hereditary thrombophilia factors Prothrombin (FII) and Factor V Leiden (FVL) genotypes to the severity of COVID-19 disease and the development of thrombosis. This study investigated FII and FVL alleles in a cohort of 9508 patients (2606 male and 6902 female) with thrombophilia.

Comparative study of conventional internal limiting membrane peeling versus temporal inverted internal limiting membrane flap for large macular hole treatment.

Purpose: To compare the anatomical, morphological, and functional outcomes of the conventional internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus temporal inverted ILM flap technique for large full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).

Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients with a minimum base diameter >600 μm were included in this retrospective interventional study. Patients were divided into conventional ILM peeling (Group 1) and temporal inverted ILM flap (Group 2) groups.

Predictive values of systemic inflammation biomarkers in proliferative vitreoretinopathy associated with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Clinical Relevance: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is still the leading cause of surgical failure after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. The factors that can predict the development of PVR remain to be elucidated.

Background: This study evaluates the predictive values of the systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with primary RRD with and without PVR.

Aqueous humor and serum levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the aqueous humor (AH) and serum levels of 4-hydroxynenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) with each other and with age- and sex-matched control group.

Methods: This prospective study included 66 patients divided into three groups: PES (n = 24), PEG (n = 21), and a control group (n = 21). 4-HNE and 8-OhdG levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Decreased miR-15b-5p/miR-155-5p levels and increased miR-134-5p/miR-652-3p levels among BD patients under lithium treatment.

Background: There is an increasing interest about the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). In this study, we aimed to examine the role of miRNAs as potential diagnostic and clinical biomarkers in BD.

Methods: Fifteen miRNAs in plasmas obtained from BD patients (n = 66) and from the healthy control group (n = 66) were analyzed by a qPCR test.

Expert recommendations for the management of diabetic macular edema with intravitreal dexamethasone implant: A Turkish Delphi study.

Purpose: To provide consensus on the clinical use of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in Turkey.

Methods: A panel of 22 retina experts prepared 77 statements of recommendation, and 80 retinal specialists practicing in Turkey were chosen to vote either in support or against each one. A Delphi-based method was used through which the ophthalmologists were able to view all of the results anonymously after two rounds and modify their subsequent answers.

Reply to letter to editor.

We aimed to explain the questions about choroidal vascularity index (CVI) calculation which mentioned in the manuscript entitled 'Acute effects of coffee on peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal parameters in young healthy subjects'.

Expression patterns of genes in steroidogenic, cholesterol uptake, and liver x receptor-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway regulating cholesterol homeostasis in natural and PGF2α induced luteolysis as well as early pregnancy in ovine corpus luteum.

The aim was to evaluate the expression of genes of steroidogenic, cholesterol uptake, and liver X receptor (LXR) mediated cholesterol efflux pathway in ovine corpus luteum (CL) during natural and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) induced luteolysis and early pregnancy. For this study, two experiments were carried out 1); ewes were grouped into two sub-groups as cyclic 12 (C12, n = 4) and 16 (C16, n = 4) and pregnant 12 (P12, n = 4), 16 (P16, n = 4), and 22 (P22, n = 4). Additionally, 2) ewes were grouped into four groups following treatment of PGF2α, the duration of PGF2α challenge at 1 (PG1, n = 4), 4 (PG4, n = 4), and 16 (PG16, n = 4) hours on day 12 of the cycle was compared with 0 h.

NU-9 improves health of hSOD1 mouse upper motor neurons in vitro, especially in combination with riluzole or edaravone.

Even though amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease of the upper and lower motor neurons, to date none of the compounds in clinical trials have been tested for improving the health of diseased upper motor neurons (UMNs). There is an urgent need to develop preclinical assays that include UMN health as a readout. Since ALS is a complex disease, combinatorial treatment strategies will be required to address the mechanisms perturbed in patients.