Nicking Activity of M13 Bacteriophage Protein 2.

Gene II Protein (Gp2/P2) is a nicking enzyme of the M13 bacteriophage that plays a role in the DNA replication of the viral genome. P2 recognizes a specific sequence at the f1 replication origin and nicks one of the strands and starts replication. This study was conducted to address the limitations of previous experiments, improve methodologies, and precisely determine the biochemical activity conditions of the P2 enzyme in vitro.

Antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes in Türkiye.

Background: Drug-resistant Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci remain significant infectious agents globally. This study investigated the major S. pyogenes strains responsible for infections in Türkiye and their susceptibility to beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics.

How much do we know about nanobacteria?

Background/purpose: Nanobacteria, known to date as self-replicating, nano-scale size organisms, smaller than bacteria. However, whether these are living organisms or agglomeration of biomolecules was one of the most controversial issues for many years. One of the reasons for debate is their lack of any genetic material.

Metagenomic analysis of atheroma plaques for identification of microorganisms indicates presence of Toxoplasma gondii as a possible etiological agent.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Vital organs like the heart are affected by the occlusion of blood vessels due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. However, the role of infectious agents has always been an essential subject of investigation.

Peptosome: A New Efficient Transfection Tool as an Alternative to Liposome.

Gene therapy is one of the most promising techniques for treating genetic diseases and cancer. The current most important problem in gene therapy is gene delivery. Viral and non-viral vectors like liposomes, used for gene delivery, have many limitations.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Laboratory Mutant .

Resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic used in the first-line treatment of infection, is the most important cause of treatment failure. Although most cases of clarithromycin resistance in are associated with point mutations in 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), the relationships of other mutations with resistance remain unclear. We examined possible new macrolide resistance mechanisms in resistant strains using next-generation sequencing.

In vitro efficacy of different PEGylation designs on cathelicidin-like peptide with high antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Recent reports on antibiotic resistance have highlighted the need to reduce the impact of this global health issue through urgent prevention and control. The World Health Organization currently considers antibiotic resistance as one of the most dangerous threats to global health. Therefore, Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising for the development of novel antibiotic molecules due to their high antimicrobial effects, non-inducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) properties, and broad spectrum.

A Novel Peptide-Based Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies.

The need for rapidly developed diagnostic tests has gained significant attention after the recent pandemic. Production of neutralizing antibodies for vaccine development or antibodies to be used in diagnostic tests usually require the usage of recombinant proteins representing the infectious agent. However, peptides that can mimic these recombinant proteins may be rapidly utilized, especially in emergencies such as the recent outbreak.

Simple and low-cost antibiotic susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using screen-printed electrodes.

One quarter of the global population is thought to be latently infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) with it estimated that 1 in 10 of those people will go on to develop active disease. Due to the fact that M. tuberculosis (TB) is a disease most often associated with low- and middle-income countries, it is critical that low-cost and easy-to-use technological solutions are developed, which can have a direct impact on diagnosis and prescribing practice for TB.

Polymeric Approach to Adjuvant System in Antibody Production against Leishmaniasis Based on Hybridoma Technology.

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, which is one of the serious public health problems in the world. Nowadays, antibody production using hybridoma technology may be a correct approach in terms of sensitivity in the diagnosis of diseases such as leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was investigation of the effectiveness of different adjuvants on polyclonal antibody production against based on hybridoma technique.

Colibactin possessing E. coli isolates in association with colorectal cancer and their genetic diversity among Pakistani population.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cause of tumorigenesis and several pathogenic bacteria have been correlated with aggressive cases of cancer i.e., genotoxin (colibactin) producing Escherichia coli (E.

Comparison of a novel antigen detection test with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Molecular diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory specimens is considered the gold standard method. This method is highly sensitive and specific but it has some limitations such as being expensive and requiring special laboratory equipment and skilled personnel. RapidFor™ Antigen Rapid Test Kit is a commercially available Ag-RDT which is produced in Turkey and designed to detect the nucleocapsid antigen of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples.

Simple concentration method enables the use of gargle and mouthwash instead of nasopharyngeal swab sampling for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by PCR.

Since its emergence in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 is causing one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. Currently, the most important method for definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 is identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swab samples by RT-PCR. Nasopharyngeal swab sampling is a discomforting procedure sometimes with adverse effects, which also poses a risk for infection for the personnel performing the sampling.

Rational guidewire use in the coronary chronic total occlusion interventions.

Background: Procedures for coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) are still a clinical challenge with relatively lower success rates. Recent advances in the biotechnology and introduction of CTO-dedicated guidewires have increased the procedural success rate of CTO interventions. Herein, we aimed to reveal the clinical and angiographic predictors of the crossability of the initial guidewire choice and rational guidewire usage in CTO interventions.

Label-free molecular detection of antibiotic susceptibility for Mycobacterium smegmatis using a low cost electrode format.

Today, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is considered an important problem for society. Excessive consumption of antibiotics, long-term treatments, and inappropriate prescriptions continually increase the severity of the problem. Improving antibiotic stewardship requires improved diagnostic testing, and, therefore, in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing is becoming increasingly important.

[Diversity of Leishmania Strains Isolated from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients in Turkey and its Reflection to Clinics in Mice Model].

Although asexual reproduction has been attributed to Leishmania species, genetic exchange has recently been demonstrated, which helped emerging of hybrid isolates. Situated on the crossroads between three continents, Leishmania hybrids may be present in Turkey. In Turkey, visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is less common, while cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica and L.

Isolation and identification of mycobacteria responsible for tuberculosis of dromedaries in Algeria.

Tuberculosis in dromedaries in Algeria has been little studied to date. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in dromedaries in three Algerian slaughterhouses using samples from suspected tuberculosis lesions, which were detected on carcasses during a post-mortem visual inspection. The study also uses laboratory diagnosis to isolate and identify the agents responsible for the infection.

Large-scale cultivation of promastigotes in stirred bioreactor.

Background & Objectives: Bioreactors are practical tools that are used for economical, time-conserving and large-scale production of biomass from cell cultivation. They provide optimal environmental conditions such as pH and temperature required for obtaining maximum amounts of biomass. However, there is no evidence in the literature on the large-scale cultivation of Leishmania infantum parasites in the bioreactor.

Simple Identification of Mycobacterial Species by Sequence-Specific Multiple Polymerase Chain Reactions.

Several species of mycobacteria cause infections in humans. Species identification of clinical isolates of mycobacteria is very important for the decision of treatment and in choosing the appropriate treatment regimen. We have developed a multiplex PCR method that can identify practically all known species of mycobacteria, by determination of single-nucleotide differences at a total of 13 different polymorphic regions in the genes of rRNA and hsp65, in four PCR mixes.

Oligomer based real-time detection of microorganisms producing nuclease enzymes.

In this study, we provide a method using fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides for the diagnosis of microorganisms producing nucleases in real time, while growing them in culture media. The detection of such microorganisms was possible in a short period of time, as short as 10 minutes up to a maximum of 8 hours, depending on the bacterial density. We also showed the suitability of this new method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in culture media in a very short period of time, compared to conventional methods.

Rapid detection of beta-lactamase production including carbapenemase by thin layer chromatography.

Objectives: To develop a rapid and simple method that can identify the presence of β-lactamases in clinical isolates and samples, and determine their activity on different types of β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, within one hour.

Methods: In this study, we describe a thin layer chromatography-based method for rapid detection of β-lactamases including carbapenemases. The method relies on the examination of changes in the migration rate of β-lactams in chromatography, due to degradation by β-lactamase enzymes.