Neurovascular anatomy of the platysma muscle for blepharoptosis repair: a cadaveric study.

Purpose: This study aimed to define a new surgical method using a neurotized platysma free flap to provide dynamic reanimation, enhanced functional recovery, and low morbidity for blepharoptosis repair.

Methods: Ten hemifaces and neck halves of five formalin-fixed cadavers were included in the study. The origin of the neurovascular structures of the pedicle was identified at the submandibular triangle.

Branches of ulnar artery in human fetuses: anatomical and morphometric study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to demonstrate morphological pattern of the ulnar artery and to evaluate morphometrically its anatomical branching pattern in human fetuses.

Methods: Branching pattern of ulnar artery was evaluated on 121 upper limbs of dissected 63 of formalin-fixed fetus cadavers with gestational age ranging from 17 to 40 weeks. In order to obtain second and third trimester data, according to their gestational age, two groups were determined.

The influence of post-fixation on visualising vimentin in the retina using immunofluorescence method.

Background: Post-fixation of sections is especially required for cryostat sections of fresh frozen tissues. Vimentin is an intermediate filament in both fibrillary and non-fibrillary form, expressed in Müller's cells and astrocytes of the retina. Our aim was to determine the best post-fixation method for visualising vimentin in archival mouse eyes.

Morphometric analysis of the uncinate processes of the cervical vertebrae.

Background: Uncinate processes (UPs) are distinct features unique to cervical vertebrae. They are consistently found on posterolateral aspect of the superior end plate of 3rd to 7th cervical vertebrae. In this study, we investigated the morphology of the UPs with a particular emphasis on the regional anatomy and clinical significance.

The peroneus brevis tendon at its insertion site on fifth metatarsal bone.

Background: The differences at the attachment site of peroneus brevis (PB) to the fifth metatarsal bone is important in terms of the forces exerted on the bone and hence the mechanism of fractures involving this structure. In this study, we investigated the anatomical properties of PB at the insertion site to the base of fifth metatarsal bone, its possible intertendinous connections with peroneus tertius (PT) and their possible effects on the fracture occurrence at the bony attachment site.

Methods: The length and the width of PB tendons at their mid- and end-points were measured and classified according to the insertion types.

Insertional Characteristics of the Peroneus Tertius Tendon: Revisiting the Anatomy of an Underestimated Muscle.

The present study was performed to describe the morphologic characteristics of the peroneus tertius (PT) tendon, evaluate the variations in its insertion point, investigate the interconnections with the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus, and discuss whether these insertion differences of the muscle tension might have an effect on fracture formation. The length and width of the PT tendon and the width at its midpoint were measured in 44 lower extremities. The data obtained were compared statistically.

Tomographic evaluation on bone morphology in posterior mandibular region for safe placement of dental implant.

The aim of this study was to examine the morphology of submandibular fossae at edentulous posterior regions of dried mandibles and to determine a safe range for proper lingual angulation during the placement of a dental implant in the posterior mandibular region, with a computerized tomographic scan study. Spiral computed tomographic images of 77 dry adult human mandibles were evaluated to determine the deepest area in the submandibular fossa. Then, the proper lingual angulations for the placement of a dental implant at these regions were measured.

Anatomical analysis of azygos vein system in human cadavers.

The azygos system veins vary greatly in their mode of origin, course, tributaries, anastomoses and termination. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the types of azygos system in this study. Our research was made in Anatomy departments on 48 conserved cadavers aging between 27-70 years, of which 35 were males and 13 females.

Formation of the sural nerve in foetal cadavers.

The purpose of this study was to provide a morphologic description and assessment on the formation level of the sural nerve (SN) and its components. Also we aimed to reveal histological features of the SN components. An anatomical study of the formation of the SN was carried out on 100 limbs from 50 embalmed foetuses.

Anthropometry of the medial canthal ligament related to naso-orbitoethmoidal fractures.

Objective: Medial canthal ligament (MCL) and lacrimal system are often associated with naso-orbitoethmoidal fractures. The MCL anchors tarsal plate to medial orbit and has an important role in lacrimal pump system. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy of the MCL and present the anthropometric measurements on cadaveric specimens.

Evaluation of neuropsychological symptoms and exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene among two different furniture worker groups in Izmir.

This study was conducted to determine whether there was any exposure to toluene, xylene and benzene and to assess the health impact of these solvents on workers in furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This cross-sectional study covered furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This study was comprised of an exposed group consisting of workers engaged in painting and varnishing and therefore exposed either directly or indirectly toluene, xylene and benzene in the workplace and the non-exposed group engaged in other aspects of production.

The efficacy of mylohyoid nerve anesthesia in dental implant placement at the edentulous posterior mandibular ridge.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of mylohyoid and buccal nerve anesthesia at the posterior edentulous mandible versus regional anesthetic block to the inferior alveolar nerve in dental implant surgery. The study was composed of 2 groups. In the first group (group A), 14 voluntary adults (7 female and 7 male) received local infiltrations of 1 mL articaine HCl 4% with epinephrine 1/200,000 to the ipsilateral mylohyoid and buccal nerves.

A Morphometric Study of the Maxillary Artery and Lingula in Relation to Mandibular Ramus Osteotomies and TMJ Surgery.

Objectives: Mandibular osteotomies and resection of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis are the mostly performed surgical procedures in the infratemporal fossa, which is in close proximity with the main trunk of the maxillary artery (MA). It is imperative to avoid the trunk or branches of the maxillary artery, otherwise, massive intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhage may develop. The goal of the study was to investigate the position of the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa and the lingula of the mandible.

Clinical and anatomical aspects of possible mylohyoid nerve injury during genioplasties.

Damage to the cutaneous branch of the mylohyoid nerve (CBMN) during genioplasties is possible but rare. The aim of this cadaveric study was to demonstrate possible mechanisms of injuring the CBMN during genioplasties. Mandibulotomy access was used to carry out sublingual and lateral cervical dissections on 10 formalinized cadavers with a mean age of 65 years.

The course and branching pattern of the deep branch of the radial nerve in relation to the supinator muscle in fetus elbow.

We aimed to make first demonstration of the course and branching pattern of deep branch of the radial nerve (DBRN) in relation to the supinator muscle in the forearms of fetuses and make morphological measurements in both fetuses and adults. We carried out dissection on 80 radial nerves from 20 adult cadavers (16 males and 4 females), ranging from 30 to 56 years old and 20 formalin-fixed, spontaneously aborted fetuses (10 males and 10 females) without detectable malformations, ranging from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation. There were three different branching patterns of the DBRN in fetuses.

Anatomical assessment of bile ducts of Luschka in human fetuses.

Bile ducts of Luschka (also called subvesical or supravesicular ducts) can cause bile leakage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, especially if surgery is carried out in ignorance of such variations. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical anatomy of these ducts in human fetuses and frequency of the ducts locating near gallbladder fossa. Thirty-two fetal cadaver livers were dissected and the gallbladders were separated from the livers and ducts were investigated under a surgical microscope.

The course and branching pattern of pudendal nerve in fetus.

The pudendal nerve is a considerably large branch of the sacral plexus. There are many articles in the literature concerning the pudendal nerve in adults, but as far as we know, there is none on the branching pattern and variations in pudendal nerve anatomy in fetus. This study investigates the pudendal nerve trunking with respect to the piriformis muscle in 25 formalin-fixed fetuses (50 sides of pelves, 15 females, 10 males), ranging from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation.

An unnamed branch of the lingual nerve: gingival branch.

Our main aim was to study the mylohyoid nerve, but during cadaveric dissections an unnamed branch of the lingual nerve was encountered incidentally. Dissections of sublingual and pterygomandibular spaces on 13 cadavers preserved in formalin showed an unnamed branch present bilaterally in 11 specimens, which had not been identified before in any of the anatomical textbooks. The branch extended horizontally from the medial mandibular cortex at the level of the retromolar pad to mesial of the lower first molars-second premolars.

Variations of the nutrient artery of the fibula.

In this study the authors aimed to show variations of the nutrient artery of the fibula, which is important for more effective vascularized fibular grafts. Thirty intact legs were examined to determine the number, location, and diameter of the nutrient arteries in the shaft. In 27 of these specimens (90%) there was single nutrient artery; two legs (6.

Double superior vena cava.

Duplication of superior vena cava (SVC) is a rare anomaly. The incidence of double SVC in general population is 0.3% whereas in patients with congenital heart disease it varies between 10-11%.

Arterial variations of the upper extremities.

During the dissection of the right and left upper limbs of a 70-year-old female cadaver, we encountered combined vascular anomalies. On the left side, we observed the presence of a lateral inferior superficial brachial artery, large anterior interosseous artery and an absence of a radial artery, which is quite a rare anomaly. The lateral inferior superficial brachial artery that arose 39 mm distal to the brachial artery descended to the wrist.