Investigating the role of food pollutants in autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive analysis of heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins.

Food pollutants, including heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins, have been proposed as potential risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during pregnancy and early childhood. This paper examines the impact of food pollutants on ASD risk. A systematic search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Sciverse yielded studies from 1990 to present.

Epicatechin as a promising agent against arsenic-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in NMRI mice: behavioral and biochemical alterations.

Epicatechin (Epi) is one of the most abundant flavonoids present in different fruits and tea leaves. Emerging research illuminates the promising potential of catechins to serve as a shield against the damaging effects of arsenic (As) exposure in diverse organs.This study sought to discern whether Epi exhibits a therapeutic efficacy against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in a murine model.

Protective effect of a standardized Allium jesdianum extract in an Alzheimer's disease induced rat model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder with multiple underlying mechanisms. Existing treatment options mostly address symptom management and are associated with numerous side effects. Therefore, exploring alternative therapeutic agents derived from medicinal plants, which contain various bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological effects, holds promise for AD treatment.

The Selective Cytotoxicity of Quercus Brantii Lindl. Galls on A375 and SK-MEL-3 Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines.

This study aimed to find out the mechanism of cytotoxic effects of galls of Quercus Brantii on A375 and SK-MEL-3 melanoma and AGO-1522 normal human fibroblast cell lines for the first time. Therefore, cell viability and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. Furthermore, ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and release of cytochrome-c were also assessed.

The hematopoietic potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of in a phenylhydrazine model of anemia.

Objective: , commonly known as Purslane, is traditionally used as a sour, diuretic, and cooling herb with hemostatic properties. The present study evaluates the antianemic effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts of in a phenylhydrazine model of anemia.

Materials And Methods: Phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg/day, i.

Risperidone Toxicity on Human Blood Lymphocytes in Nano molar Concentrations.

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug used for the pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders. Some reports indicate that risperidone is toxic to various systems of the body, including the immune system. This study evaluated the toxicity effect of risperidone on human blood lymphocytes.

Health Benefits of Turmeric and Curcumin Against Food Contaminants.

Food contaminants are one of the most important and concerning issues worldwide. Protecting the public from the harm of contaminated foods has become a daunting task. On the other hand, the elimination of these contaminants from food seems impossible.

Comparative evaluation of the protective effects of oral administration of auraptene and umbelliprenin against CFA-induced chronic inflammation with polyarthritis in rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Auraptene (AUR) and Umbelliprenin (UMB) in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Paw swelling of adjuvant arthritis rats measured at various times after CFA injection. Over 15 days of RA induction, mediator/cytokine-mediated processes involved in managing the regulation and resolving RA's inflammation were also quantified with ELISA.

A review on phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Iris germanica.

Objectives: Iris germanica L. is a medicinal plant, which has a long history of uses, mainly in medieval Persia and many places worldwide for the management of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, we aimed to review ethnopharmacological applications in addition to phytochemical and pharmacological properties of I.

Protective effects of naringin against drugs and chemical toxins induced hepatotoxicity: A review.

The liver is a vital metabolic organ for drug and xenobiotic metabolism which is influenced by chemical and natural toxins. Liver injury is associated with systemic oxidative stress, which leads to cellular necrosis, fibrosis, tissue lipid peroxidation, and depletion in glutathione levels. Considering the lack of reliable hepato-protective drugs in modern medicine, plant-derived phytoconstituents seem to be a noteworthy option.

miR-155 influences cell-mediated immunity in Balb/c mice treated with aflatoxin M.

Aflatoxin M (AFM) is a 4-hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B (AFB). It induces various toxicological effects including immunotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AFM on immune system and its modulation by MicroRNA (miR)-155.

Ethanol and Methanol Concentration in Commonly Used Brands of Ma-al-shaeer in Iran: Estimation of Dietary Intakes and Risk Assessment.

Objectives: Ma-al-shaeer is a popular beverage in Islamic countries. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of methanol and ethanol in most consumed brands of Ma-al-shaeer in Iran.

Methods: Eighty-one Ma-al-shaeer samples which commonly used in Iran were provided.

Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M : as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study.

Background: Although, to date, there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies of immunomodulatory effects of aflatoxin M (AFB ), little is known about the effect of AFM on various aspects of innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, AFM was administered intraperitoneally, at doses of 25 and 50 μg kg , body mass for 28 days and various immunological parameters were measured.

Results: Several parameters related to immune function were suppressed: organ mass, cellularity of spleen, proliferation response to lipopolysaccaride and phytohemagglutinin-A, hemagglutination titer, delayed type of hypersensitivity response, spleen cell subtypes, serum hemolytic activity, serum immunoglobulin G level and cytokine production.

Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran.

Iran is one of the main suppliers of pistachio for the European market accounting for over 90% of its demands; hence, efficient analytical methods are required for detection of mycotoxins contamination in pistachio kernels before exporting them. In this study, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels in five pistachio cultivars collected from four sites of Iran, were measured by HPLC. Based on the results, risk assessment for AFB1 and OTA residues was done.

The Cardiotoxic Mechanism of Doxorubicin (DOX) and Pegylated Liposomal DOX in Mice Bearing C-26 Colon Carcinoma: a Study Focused on microRNA Role for Toxicity Assessment of New Formulations.

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate transcriptional or post-transcriptional gene expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR -1, -21 and -145 and their targets in cardiotoxicity-induced by DOX and pegylated liposomal DOX.

Methods: BALB/c mice subjected to subcutaneous injection of C-26 tumor cells.

Methamphetamine-induced toxicity: The role of autophagy?

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly potent and addictive drug with major medical, psychiatric, cognitive, socioeconomic, and legal consequences. It is well absorbed following different routes of administration and distributed throughout the body. METH is known as psychomotor stimulant with potent physiological outcomes on peripheral and central nervous systems, resulting in physical and psychological disorders.

Protective role of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 against irinotecan-induced genotoxicity.

Objective: Irinotecan is a botanical derivative and an anti-cancer drug with cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The present study evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 on the genotoxic activity of irinotecan in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) by comet assay.

Materials And Methods: HepG2 were incubated with irinotecan (100 µM), heat-killed cells (0.

The Protective Role of Phenolic Compounds Against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review.

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is among the most widely used anticancer agents, its clinical application is hampered owing to its cardiotoxicity. Adjuvant therapy with an antioxidant has been suggested as a promising strategy to reduce DOX-induced adverse effects. In this context, many phenolic compounds have been reported to protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) as a potential therapeutic plant in metabolic syndrome: a review.

Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of complex coexisting cardiometabolic risk factors such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, abdominal obesity, coagulopathies, and hypertension that raise the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of herbs and natural compounds in prevention and treatment of diseases and a large number of published articles have focused on this issue. Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Determination of methanol in Iranian herbal distillates.

Background: Herbal distillates have been used as beverages, for flavoring, or as phytomedicines in many countries for a long time. Recently, the occurrence of blindness after drinking herbal distillates has created concerns in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of methanol in herbal distillates produced in Iran.

Arsenic cardiotoxicity: An overview.

Arsenic, a naturally ubiquitous element, is found in foods and environment. Cardiac dysfunction is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Arsenic exposure is associated with various cardiopathologic effects including ischemia, arrhythmia and heart failure.

Effects of silymarin on neuropathic pain and formalin-induced nociception in mice.

Objectives: Based on the previous reports, silymarin can suppress nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotrienes, cytokines production, and neutrophils infiltration. Regarding the fact that inflammation plays an important role in neuropathic and formalin-induced pain, it was assumed that silymarin could reduce pain. The present study investigates the analgesic effects of silymarin in chemical nociception and a model of neuropathic pain.

Phytotrapy of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic drug that can suppress both humoral and cellular immunity. Combining traditional medicinal herbs and chemotherapy drugs are used to improve immunity and quality of life performance status. In this paper, the effects of plant extracts, active components and their derivatives on immunosuppression of CP are discussed.