Precuneal hyperperfusion in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-comorbid nociplastic pain.

Introduction: Nociplastic pain (NP), a third category of chronic pain, offers a framework for elucidating its pathophysiology and treatment strategies. One of the characteristics of NP is comorbidity of symptoms other than pain, such as psychological and cognitive problems; therefore, these can be clues to understanding NP. Recently, we reported several cases with comorbid symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Case Report: Methylphenidate and venlafaxine improved abdominal nociplastic pain in an adult patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and comorbid major depression.

Introduction: Nociplastic pain (NP), classified as a third type of pain alongside nociceptive and neuropathic pain, is chronic pain arising from the amplification of nociceptive stimuli through central sensitization, despite the absence of tissue damage, sensory nerve damage, or disease. An important clinical feature of NP is that it is not only associated with pain but also with sensory hypersensitivity to sound and light and cognitive dysfunction, including mood and attention disorders. Recent studies have suggested that depression and developmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), coexist with NP at high frequency.

Medical and exercise consultation use for low back and knee pain among cardiovascular mass screening population: A cross-sectional study.

Low back and knee pain, as major symptoms and early signs of osteoarthritis, have restricted healthy life expectancy, and numerous guidelines have recommended therapeutic exercise as the first-line treatment for chronic pain. Proportions of medical and exercise consultation use for those pain have been unclear, and these may change in the future. We performed a cross-sectional study of 2,954 persons aged over 30 years in 2017 as a part of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Case Report: Guanfacine and methylphenidate improved chronic lower back pain in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited renal disease characterized by the bilateral development of multiple cysts in the kidneys. Pain management is a clinically important issue, especially because approximately 60% of patients with ADPKD experience chronic pain related to hemorrhage from renal cysts, which significantly reduces their daily life. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, the molecule responsible for cyst formation in ADPKD, is also the cause of cystic fibrosis.

Trunk orthosis with joints providing resistive force improves dynamic sagittal alignment in postoperative patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

This study aimed to determine whether a trunk orthosis with joints providing resistive force (TORF) modifies sagittal malalignment during level walking in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Fifteen patients, 6 months after undergoing surgery for LSS, performed level walking at a self-selected speed while wearing a TORF. Dynamic sagittal alignment, including sagittal vertical axis, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic tilt, and spatiotemporal data as well as lower limb kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and six force plates.

Improvement in persistent idiopathic facial pain with comorbid ADHD using the combination of a dopamine system stabilizer and psychostimulant: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may coexist and can be improved with ADHD medications. Thus, clinicians should screen for ADHD by a multidisciplinary approach when treating PIFP and differentiate between other odontogenic disorders.

Abstract: We report a case of a woman with persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that markedly improved with the administration of a combination of aripiprazole (APZ) and methylphenidate (MP) treatment.

Case report: Remission of chronic low back pain and oral dysesthesia comorbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder by treatment with atomoxetine and pramipexole.

Introduction: Oral dysesthesia is a disease characterized by pain and/or abnormal sensations in the oral region, without any organic abnormality. Its symptoms include pain, and it is considered to be a disorder associated with idiopathic oral-facial pain. It is also known that idiopathic oral-facial pain tends to coexist with chronic musculoskeletal pain, including low back pain, even before its onset.

Effect of quick simple exercise on non-specific low back pain in Japanese workers: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: We designed a quick simple exercise program that can be performed in a short period of time in real-world occupational health settings and investigated the effects of three months of program implementation on non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).

Methods: Participants were 136 individuals working in the manufacturing industry. The quick simple exercise program was designed to be doable in three minutes and consisted of two exercises: a hamstring stretch and a lumbar spine rotation with forward, backward, and lateral flexion.

Association of high kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing with quality of life in severe hip osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: While fear of movement is an important predictor of pain and disability in osteoarthritis (OA), its impact on patients with hip OA remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether fear of movement, evaluated by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)-11, and pain catastrophizing, evaluated by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), were associated with quality of life (QOL) in patients with hip OA.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and December 2018.

Decreased Interoceptive Awareness as a Risk Factor for Moderate to Severe Pain in Japanese Full-Time Workers: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Interoceptive awareness, the conscious perception of internal bodily states, is a key construct of mind-body interaction. Decreases in interoceptive awareness, as measured by the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), are found in chronic pain patients. In this study, we explored whether a specific aspect of interoceptive awareness is a risk for the onset and chronicity of pain.

Effects of work-family life support program on the work-family interface and mental health among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed work-family life support program on the work-family interface and mental health indicators among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren) using a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist.

Methods: Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or the control groups (n = 79 and n = 85, respectively). The program comprised two 3-h sessions with a 1-month interval between them and provided comprehensive skills by including self-management, couple management, and parenting management components.

Changes in neck pain and somatic symptoms before and after the adjustment of the pillow height.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine whether strict adjustment of the pillow height using the Set-up for Spinal Sleep method improves clinical outcomes like neck pain and somatic symptoms. [Participants and Methods] A total of 84 participants with chief complaints of stiff shoulders and neck pain were evaluated using the numerical rating scale and the Somatic Symptom Scale-8. Questionnaires were used to collect data at the baseline, after two weeks, and after three months of adjusting the pillow height.

Diagnosis and treatment of intractable idiopathic orofacial pain with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to be associated with primary chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, migraine, and chronic low back pain. Although idiopathic orofacial pain (IOP) is classified as burning mouth syndrome or persistent idiopathic facial or dentoalveolar pain and as a primary chronic pain, the association between IOP and ADHD has not been investigated. This retrospective cohort study investigated the severity of ADHD symptoms measured using the ADHD scale and the effects of treatment using ADHD drugs and the dopamine system stabilizer aripiprazole.

Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder and centralized pain: A review of the case of John F. Kennedy.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK), the 35th President of the USA, had chronic low back pain deemed to be centralized pain. Reportedly, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could associate with centralized pain. Based on his biographies, JFK could have had ADHD, a plausible cause of pain that afflicted him.

Association Between Low Back Pain, Workaholism, and Work Engagement in Japanese Hospital Workers: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Study.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between two types of heavy work investment, workaholism and work engagement, and low back pain prevalence.

Methods: We conducted a paper-based survey of Japanese hospital workers. The Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were used to classify the participants into four groups and perform multiple logistic regression analyses.

Case report: Treatment of persistent atypical odontalgia with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with risperidone and atomoxetine.

Chronic pain has recently been associated with developmental disorders [autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. Regarding chronic pain in adulthood, fibromyalgia, migraine, and chronic low back pain have been associated with ADHD. The ICD-11 disease classification categorizes these pain diseases as chronic primary pain, suggesting high comorbidity with developmental disorders in chronic primary pain.

Prevalence and municipal variation in chronic musculoskeletal pain among independent older people: data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES).

Background: Urbanization and population aging may affect prevalence of chronic pain from various causes. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain, including some subtypes, in independent Japanese older people, and whether population density and population aging rate explained prevalence and differences in pain levels between municipalities.

Methods: We analyzed data from 12,883 independent older people living in 58 municipalities who completed mailed questionnaires and did not need support for daily living.

Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire-Short Form for Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background: Identifying patients at risk of developing persistent musculoskeletal pain problems with psychosocial aspects is crucial for targeted interventions. The Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire-Short Form (ÖMPSQ-SF) is a valid screening instrument that is widely used for this purpose.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the ÖMPSQ-SF.

Patterns of change of multisite pain over 1 year of follow-up and related risk factors.

Background: Multisite musculoskeletal pain is common and disabling. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the distribution of musculoskeletal pain anatomically, and explore risk factors for increases/reductions in the number of painful sites.

Methods: Using data from participants working in 45 occupational groups in 18 countries, we explored changes in reporting pain at 10 anatomical sites on two occasions 14 months apart.

Evaluation of the Effect of Patient Education and Strengthening Exercise Therapy Using a Mobile Messaging App on Work Productivity in Japanese Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial.

Background: Artificial intelligence-assisted interactive health promotion systems are useful tools for the management of musculoskeletal conditions.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of web-based video patient education and strengthening exercise therapy, using a mobile messaging app, on work productivity and pain in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) receiving pharmacological treatment.

Methods: Patients with CLBP were randomly allocated to either the exercise group, who received education and exercise therapy using a mobile messaging app, or the conventional group.