Vitamin D intake, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk among women living in the southwestern U.S.

No studies of dietary vitamin D intake and vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been conducted comparing breast risk among Hispanic women and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women. We investigated the association between vitamin D intake and breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of 1,527 NHW and 791 Hispanic breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1999-2004 in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado, and 1,599 NHW and 922 Hispanic age-matched controls. Vitamin D intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and associations with breast cancer were adjusted for age, ethnicity, state, education, body mass index, smoking, age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, hormone exposure, height, and physical activity using logistic regression.

Comparative epidemiology of breast cancer among men and women in the US, 1996 to 2000.

Objective: Few investigations of breast cancer among men have been conducted because of the relative rarity of this malignancy. The objective of this analysis was to compare the demographic, pathological, and clinical features of breast cancer among men and women.

Methods: Breast cancer among 6379 men and 744,275 women was identified through 34 US population-based registries in the US during the period 1996 to 2000.

Calcitonin gene polymorphism CALCA-624 (T/C) and ovarian cancer.

In a previous analysis, we reported an inverse association of dietary calcium intake with the risk of ovarian cancer (Goodman et al. 2002. Am J Epidemiol 156:148-57).

Association of dietary vitamin A, carotenoids, and other antioxidants with the risk of ovarian cancer.

Unlabelled: Antioxidants may protect the ovaries from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Although a few studies have examined the relation of antioxidant intake to the risk of ovarian cancer, the results have been inconclusive. Questions still remain regarding the effects of confounding factors, such as menopause, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking, on the association between antioxidants and ovarian cancer development.

Effect of anovulation factors on pre- and postmenopausal ovarian cancer risk: revisiting the incessant ovulation hypothesis.

Risk factors for ovarian cancer may differ between pre- and postmenopausal women. The authors used data from a multiethnic, population-based, case-control study, conducted between 1993 and 1999 in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, to examine whether menopause modified the effect of ovulation on ovarian cancer risk. A structured questionnaire was administered to 558 histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 607 population controls.

Polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 and the risk of ovarian cancer.

Objective: Recent studies of ovarian cancer have suggested a role for inflammation in carcinogenesis. Data from a population-based case-control study in Hawaii were examined to assess the relation between polymorphisms in cytokines involved with the inflammatory response, specifically members of the interleukin (IL) family and the incidence of ovarian cancer.

Patients And Methods: The analysis of 182 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 219 controls focused on the polymorphisms in the following genes: IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18.

Aggregation of ovarian cancer with breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate cancer in first-degree relatives.

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a tendency for common cancers to aggregate in families. The authors investigated the effects of family history of cancer at multiple sites, including the breast, ovary, colorectum, and prostate, on ovarian cancer risk among 607 controls and 558 ovarian cases in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, in 1993-1999. A family history of cancer of the breast, ovary, colorectum, or prostate in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio (OR)=1.

Reproductive factors and epithelial ovarian cancer risk by histologic type: a multiethnic case-control study.

Associations of reproductive factors with ovarian cancer may differ by histologic type. Data from a multiethnic, population-based, case-control study, conducted in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, between 1993 and 1999, were used to assess this hypothesis. A structured questionnaire was administered to 558 histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 607 population controls.

Dietary magnesium intake and the future risk of coronary heart disease (the Honolulu Heart Program).

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is believed to have adverse cardiovascular consequences that are broad and complex, although an association between dietary Mg intake and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been clearly identified. The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between dietary Mg intake and future risk of CHD. Reported findings are based on dietary Mg intake in 7,172 men in the Honolulu Heart Program.

Active and passive tobacco smoking and the risk of borderline and invasive ovarian cancer (United States).

Objective: A population-based case-control study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that active and passive tobacco smoking were associated with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: In-person interviews were obtained from 558 women with epithelial ovarian cancer (431 invasive, 127 borderline) and 607 population controls regarding active lifetime tobacco smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure in utero and during childhood, and other factors that may be related to the development of ovarian cancer.

Results: No significant associations of ever or former tobacco smoking with the risk of invasive or borderline ovarian cancer were found, although long-term ex-smokers of 20 years or more were at significantly reduced risk of invasive cancer.

Association of caffeine intake and CYP1A2 genotype with ovarian cancer.

Coffee and caffeine consumption has been associated with ovarian cancer risk in several epidemiological studies. CYP1A2 is a key enzyme in the metabolism of coffee and in the activation of heterocyclic aromatic compounds that may be carcinogenic. Data from a preliminary investigation conducted in Hawaii of 164 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 194 controls were used to examine the hypothesis that coffee and caffeine intake increases the risk of ovarian cancer and that these relations are modified by the CYP1A2 high-inducibility A/A genotype.

Alcohol consumption and the risk of borderline and invasive ovarian cancer.

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of ovarian cancer by conducting a population-based, case-control study in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California.

Methods: In-person interviews were obtained from 558 women with ovarian cancer and 607 population controls regarding lifetime alcohol consumption and other factors that may be related to the development of ovarian cancer.

Results: We found no overall association of alcohol drinking with the odds ratios (OR) for ovarian cancer.

Association of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity and N314D genotype with the risk of ovarian cancer.

Deficiency in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) enzyme results in accumulation of galactose and its metabolites in the ovary (Am J Epidemiol 1989;130:904-10). Galactose may raise gonadotropin levels, resulting in proliferation of ovarian epithelium. In 1993-1999, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study of ovarian cancer in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, to examine the hypothesis that reduced GALT activity is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Association of dairy products, lactose, and calcium with the risk of ovarian cancer.

Epidemiologic findings have been inconsistent regarding the association of dietary fat, dairy products, and lactose with risk of ovarian cancer. The authors conducted a case-control study in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, to examine several dietary hypotheses regarding the etiology of ovarian cancer in a population with a broad range of dietary intakes. A total of 558 patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed in 1993-1999 and 607 controls were interviewed regarding their diet.