Influence of a Structural Prior Mask on EIT Image Reconstruction.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a low-cost imaging method with promising results in visualizing ventilation distribution within the lungs. However, in clinical settings, the interpretability of EIT images is often limited by blurred anatomical alignment and reconstruction artifacts. Integrating structural priors into the EIT reconstruction process can enhance the interpretability of EIT images.

Harnessing Wearable Devices for Emotional Intelligence: Therapeutic Applications in Digital Health.

Emotional intelligence strives to bridge the gap between human and machine interactions. The application of such systems varies and is becoming more prominent as healthcare services seek to provide more efficient care by utilizing smart digital health apps. One application in digital health is the incorporation of emotion recognition systems as a tool for therapeutic interventions.

Sensor Selection for Tidal Volume Determination via Linear Regression-Impact of Lasso versus Ridge Regression.

The measurement of respiratory volume based on upper body movements by means of a smart shirt is increasingly requested in medical applications. This research used upper body surface motions obtained by a motion capture system, and two regression methods to determine the optimal selection and placement of sensors on a smart shirt to recover respiratory parameters from benchmark spirometry values. The results of the two regression methods (Ridge regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso)) were compared.

P-CSEM: An Attention Module for Improved Laparoscopic Surgical Tool Detection.

Minimal invasive surgery, more specifically laparoscopic surgery, is an active topic in the field of research. The collaboration between surgeons and new technologies aims to improve operation procedures as well as to ensure the safety of patients. An integral part of operating rooms modernization is the real-time communication between the surgeon and the data gathered using the numerous devices during surgery.

Effect of a Patient-Specific Structural Prior Mask on Electrical Impedance Tomography Image Reconstructions.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a low-cost imaging method which reconstructs two-dimensional cross-sectional images, visualising the impedance change within the thorax. However, the reconstruction of an EIT image is an ill-posed inverse problem. In addition, blurring, anatomical alignment, and reconstruction artefacts can hinder the interpretation of EIT images.

Structural priors represented by discrete cosine transform improve EIT functional imaging.

Structural prior information can improve electrical impedance tomography (EIT) reconstruction. In this contribution, we introduce a discrete cosine transformation-based (DCT-based) EIT reconstruction algorithm to demonstrate a way to incorporate the structural prior with the EIT reconstruction process. Structural prior information is obtained from other available imaging methods, e.

Laparoscopic Video Analysis Using Temporal, Attention, and Multi-Feature Fusion Based-Approaches.

Adapting intelligent context-aware systems (CAS) to future operating rooms (OR) aims to improve situational awareness and provide surgical decision support systems to medical teams. CAS analyzes data streams from available devices during surgery and communicates real-time knowledge to clinicians. Indeed, recent advances in computer vision and machine learning, particularly deep learning, paved the way for extensive research to develop CAS.

Characterisation and Quantification of Upper Body Surface Motions for Tidal Volume Determination in Lung-Healthy Individuals.

Measurement of accurate tidal volumes based on respiration-induced surface movements of the upper body would be valuable in clinical and sports monitoring applications, but most current methods lack the precision, ease of use, or cost effectiveness required for wide-scale uptake. In this paper, the theoretical ability of different sensors, such as inertial measurement units, strain gauges, or circumference measurement devices to determine tidal volumes were investigated, scrutinised and evaluated. Sixteen subjects performed different breathing patterns of different tidal volumes, while using a motion capture system to record surface motions and a spirometer as a reference to obtain tidal volumes.

Analysing multi-perspective patient-related data during laparoscopic gynaecology procedures.

Fusing data from different medical perspectives inside the operating room (OR) sets the stage for developing intelligent context-aware systems. These systems aim to promote better awareness inside the OR by keeping every medical team well informed about the work of other teams and thus mitigate conflicts resulting from different targets. In this research, a descriptive analysis of data collected from anaesthesiology and surgery was performed to investigate the relationships between the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and lung mechanics for patients during laparoscopic procedures.

Influence of hyperparameter on the Untrue Prior Detection in Discrete Transformation-based EIT Algorithm.

Incorporated with a structural prior, discrete cosine transformation (DCT) based electrical impedance tomog-raphy (EIT) algorithm can improve the interpretability of EIT images in clinical settings. However, this benefit comes with a risk of the untrue prior which yields a misleading result compromising clinical decision. The redistribution index is able to detect an untrue prior by analysing EIT reconstructions.

Redistribution Index - Detection of an Outdated Prior Information in the Discrete Cosine Transformation-based EIT Algorithm.

The morphological prior information incorporated with the discrete cosine transformation (DCT) based electrical impedance tomography (EIT) algorithm can improve the interpretability of the EIT results in clinical settings. However, an outdated prior information can yield a misleading result compromising the accuracy of the clinical decisions. Detection of the outdated prior information is critical in the DCT-based EIT algorithm.

High Inter-Patient Variability in Sepsis Evolution: A Hidden Markov Model Analysis.

Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock are common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and contribute significantly to cost and mortality. Early treatment is critical but is confounded by the difficulty of real-time diagnosis. This study uses hidden Markov models (HMMs) to examine whether the time evolution of sepsis can add diagnostic accuracy or value using a proven set of bio-signals.

The influence of an electrical impedance tomography belt on lung function determined by spirometry in sitting position.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine whether an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) electrode belt changed the lung function in healthy volunteers and patients with respiratory muscle weakness (RMW) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Approach: In total, thirty subjects were included (10 healthy volunteers, 10 subjects with RMW, maximum inspiratory pressure < 40 cmHO, and 10 COPD, grade I-IV). Spirometry measurements were conducted in a sitting position once a day at similar times on two consecutive days.

PEEP guided by electrical impedance tomography during one-lung ventilation in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.

Background: To examine the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) settings on lung mechanics and oxygenation in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.

Methods: One hundred patients aged >65 years were randomly allocated into either the PEEP or the electrical impedance tomography (EIT) group (PEEP). Each group underwent volume-controlled ventilation (tidal volume 6 mL/kg predicted body weight) with the PEEP either fixed at 5 cmHO or set at an individualized EIT setting.

Model-based PEEP titration versus standard practice in mechanical ventilation: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at minimum respiratory elastance during mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may improve patient care and outcome. The Clinical utilisation of respiratory elastance (CURE) trial is a two-arm, randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the performance of PEEP selected at an objective, model-based minimal respiratory system elastance in patients with ARDS.

Methods And Design: The CURE RCT compares two groups of patients requiring invasive MV with a partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio ≤ 200; one criterion of the Berlin consensus definition of moderate (≤ 200) or severe (≤ 100) ARDS.

A Review of Electrical Impedance Tomography in Lung Applications: Theory and Algorithms for Absolute Images.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is under fast development, the present paper is a review of some procedures that are contributing to improve spatial resolution and material properties accuracy, admitivitty or impeditivity accuracy. A review of EIT medical applications is presented and they were classified into three broad categories: ARDS patients, obstructive lung diseases and perioperative patients. The use of absolute EIT image may enable the assessment of absolute lung volume, which may significantly improve the clinical acceptance of EIT.

Next-generation, personalised, model-based critical care medicine: a state-of-the art review of in silico virtual patient models, methods, and cohorts, and how to validation them.

Critical care, like many healthcare areas, is under a dual assault from significantly increasing demographic and economic pressures. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are highly variable in response to treatment, and increasingly aging populations mean ICUs are under increasing demand and their cohorts are increasingly ill. Equally, patient expectations are growing, while the economic ability to deliver care to all is declining.

Influence of tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure on ventilation distribution and oxygenation during one-lung ventilation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of titrating tidal volume (V ) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during one-lung ventilation (OLV) based on ventilation distribution and oxygenation.

Approach: Twenty-four consecutive patients requiring intubation with a double-lumen tube and subsequent OLV for thoracic surgical procedures were examined prospectively in lateral posture. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), blood gases, respiratory mechanics were successfully measured in 21 patients at various combinations of V (4 ml kg, 6 ml kg, 8 ml kg body weight) and PEEP (0 cm HO, 4 cm HO, 8 cm HO) during OLV.

Higher order total variation regularization for EIT reconstruction.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) attempts to reveal the conductivity distribution of a domain based on the electrical boundary condition. This is an ill-posed inverse problem; its solution is very unstable. Total variation (TV) regularization is one of the techniques commonly employed to stabilize reconstructions.

EIT Imaging Regularization Based on Spectral Graph Wavelets.

The objective of electrical impedance tomographic reconstruction is to identify the distribution of tissue conductivity from electrical boundary conditions. This is an ill-posed inverse problem usually solved under the finite-element method framework. In previous studies, standard sparse regularization was used for difference electrical impedance tomography to achieve a sparse solution.

EIT based pulsatile impedance monitoring during spontaneous breathing in cystic fibrosis.

Objective: Evaluating the lung function in patients with obstructive lung disease by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) usually requires breathing maneuvers containing deep inspirations and forced expirations. Since these maneuvers strongly depend on the patient's co-operation and health status, normal tidal breathing was investigated in an attempt to develop continuous maneuver-free measurements.

Approach: Ventilation related and pulsatile impedance changes were systematically analyzed during normal tidal breathing in 12 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and 12 lung-healthy controls (HL).

Lobe based image reconstruction in Electrical Impedance Tomography.

Purpose: Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an imaging modality used to generate two-dimensional cross-sectional images representing impedance change in the thorax. The impedance of lung tissue changes with change in air content of the lungs; hence, EIT can be used to examine regional lung ventilation in patients with abnormal lungs. In lung EIT, electrodes are attached around the circumference of the thorax to inject small alternating currents and measure resulting voltages.

Multi-layer ventilation inhomogeneity in cystic fibrosis.

Differences in regional lung function between the 3rd and 5th intercostal space (ICS) were explored in 10 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and compared to 10 lung-healthy controls by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Regional ratios of impedance changes corresponding to the maximal volume of air exhaled within the first second of a forced expiration (ΔI) and the forced vital capacity (ΔI) were determined. Regional airway obstruction and ventilation inhomogeneity were assessed by the frequency distribution of these ratios (ΔI/ΔI) and an inhomogeneity index (GI).

Sparse regularization for EIT reconstruction incorporating structural information derived from medical imaging.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) reconstructs the conductivity distribution of a domain using electrical data on its boundary. This is an ill-posed inverse problem usually solved on a finite element mesh. For this article, a special regularization method incorporating structural information of the targeted domain is proposed and evaluated.