Pharmacodynamic mechanisms behind a refractory state in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aims: Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is efficient in many cases but not all. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind non-response to biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease are poorly described. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the mucosal cytokine transcript profile in non-immunogenic, non-responder patients with adequate trough level.

Discovery and validation of mucosal TNF expression combined with histological score - a biomarker for personalized treatment in ulcerative colitis.

Background: There are no accurate markers that can predict clinical outcome in ulcerative colitis at time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore a comprehensive data set to identify and validate predictors of clinical outcome in the first year following diagnosis.

Methods: Treatment naive-patients with ulcerative colitis were included at time of initial diagnosis from 2004 to 2014, followed by a validation study from 2014 to 2018.

Repeated intensified infliximab induction - results from an 11-year prospective study of ulcerative colitis using a novel treatment algorithm.

Background: Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents play a pivotal role in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC), and yet, no international consensus on when to discontinue therapy exists.

Objective: The aim of this study is to study the long-term performance of a treatment algorithm of repeated intensified induction therapy with infliximab (IFX) to remission, followed by discontinuation in patients with UC.

Patients And Methods: Patients with moderate to severe UC were enroled in an open prospective study design.

Normalization of mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α: A new criterion for discontinuing infliximab therapy in ulcerative colitis.

Background: Biological agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce remission in ulcerative colitis. There is however no consensus regarding the discontinuation of this treatment.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess whether clinical parameters and mucosal cytokine mRNAs in healed colonic mucosa can predict long-term remission in ulcerative colitis following discontinuation of infliximab (IFX) therapy.

A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture.

It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck.

Prevalence of self-reported stomach symptoms after consuming milk among indigenous Sami and non-Sami in Northern- and Mid-Norway - the SAMINOR study.

Objective: The main purpose of this work was to identify the prevalence of self-reported stomach symptoms after consuming milk among Sami and non-Sami adults.

Study Design: A cross-sectional population-based study (the SAMINOR study). Data were collected by self-administrated questionnaires.

Normalization of mucosal cytokine gene expression levels predicts long-term remission after discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy in Crohn's disease.

Objective: To investigate mucosal cytokine gene expression levels in healed mucosa after anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) as possible risk factors for relapse after discontinuation of therapy.

Design: Thirty-seven CD patients treated with anti-TNF agents until complete mucosal healing, documented by endoscopy, discontinued anti-TNF treatment and entered a follow-up study. Levels of mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)17A (IL17A), IL23, interferon-gamma (IFNG), TNF-alpha (TNF), IL10 and Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) were measured in biopsies from healed mucosa and analyzed as possible risk factors of relapse.

Prevalence estimation and follow-up of aortic regurgitation subjects in a Norwegian Sami population.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of aortic regurgitation (AR) in the Sami population and its association with ankylosing spondylitis and HLA-B27.

Design: A random sample from two Norwegian Sami communities was invited to participate in a health survey. Echocardiography was carried out for 84% of the 416 invited.

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with screen-detected type 2 diabetes in Denmark: the ADDITION study.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing, but the exact prevalence of the disease and its accompanying late complications are unknown. In the Anglo-Danish-Dutch study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen-detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION study), patients with hitherto undiagnosed type 2 diabetes are identified using a stepwise screening strategy in selected general practices. This article reports the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in this population.

Acetabular dysplasia as an aetiological factor in development of hip osteoarthritis.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between acetabular dysplasia (AD) of the hip and risk for development of hip osteoarthritis (OA) in a Sámi population with very high prevalence of AD (38%). A population-based survey was conducted in a main Sámi area in Norway. A total of 315 middle-aged subjects were examined clinically and radiologically and were regarded as a random sample of 836 responders from a general health survey.

Acetabular dysplasia in the Sami population: a population study among Sami in north Norway.

Objectives: The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the acetabular coverage of the femoral head as measured by the centre-edge (CE) angle of Wiberg and to evaluate any association between low back pain and hip dysplasia in a Sami-dominated area (the municipalities of Karasjok and Kautokeino) in north Norway.

Study Design: A cross-sectional population-based study, which included questionnaires and a radiographic examination of the hips.

Methods: A total of 1723 individuals were invited to participate in a general health survey.