Carbohydrate-dense snacks are a key feature of the nutrition transition among Ghanaian adults - findings from the RODAM study.

Background: African populations in sub-Saharan Africa and African migrants in Europe are facing a rapid upsurge in obesity. This trend has been related to urbanization, migration and associated shifts in lifestyle, including dietary habits. Whether changes in eating patterns contribute to the rising burden of obesity among African populations is currently unknown.

Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination or Sanitization of an Isolator for Aseptic Filling of Monoclonal Antibody Drug Product-Hydrogen Peroxide Uptake and Impact on Protein Quality.

A monoclonal antibody drug product manufacturing process was transferred to a different production site, where aseptic filling took place within an isolator that was decontaminated (sanitized) using vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP). A quality-by-design approach was applied for study design to understand the impact of VPHP uptake on drug product quality. Both small-scale and manufacturing-scale studies were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the monoclonal antibody to hydrogen peroxide (HO) and characterize VPHP uptake mechanisms in the filling process.

Estimating Usual Intake in the 2nd Bavarian Food Consumption Survey: Comparison of the Results Derived by the National Cancer Institute Method and a Basic Individual Means Approach.

Background: The valid estimation of the usual dietary intake remains a challenge till date. We applied the method suggested by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to data from the 2nd Bavarian Food Consumption Survey (BVS II) and compared it to an individual means approach.

Methods: Within the cross-sectional BVS II, 1,050 Bavarian residents aged 13-80 years participated in a personal interview and completed three 24-h dietary recalls by telephone interview.

A treelet transform analysis to relate nutrient patterns to the risk of hormonal receptor-defined breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).

Objective: Pattern analysis has emerged as a tool to depict the role of multiple nutrients/foods in relation to health outcomes. The present study aimed at extracting nutrient patterns with respect to breast cancer (BC) aetiology.

Design: Nutrient patterns were derived with treelet transform (TT) and related to BC risk.

Three-dimensional assessment of impacted canines and root resorption using cone beam computed tomography.

Objective: The objective of this study was to localize impacted canines in 3 dimensions and determine the most common location of impaction using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). We also assessed root resorption of adjacent teeth. The cusp tip of each impacted canine was located and digitized using Dolphin 3D imaging, after viewing sagittal, coronal, and axial views.

Reliability of fasting plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations measured 4 months apart.

Background/objectives: Alkylresorcinols (ARs) have been suggested as specific dietary biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Evaluation of long-term reliability in repeatedly collected samples in population-based studies is needed to assess whether plasma AR reflect long-term exposure and may be used to study exposure-disease relationships in large-scale epidemiologic studies. The objective of this study was to analyze the reliability (reproducibility) of AR concentrations in fasting plasma measured 4 months apart.

Identification of urinary protein pattern in type 1 diabetic adolescents with early diabetic nephropathy by a novel combined proteome analysis.

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Microalbuminuria has been established as a risk factor for the development and the progression of diabetic renal disease. A strong demand exists for better technologies to provide accurate diabetic nephropathy risk estimates before renal functional or structural disturbances already become established.

Protective role of angiopoietin-1 in endotoxic shock.

Background: Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) plays an essential role in embryonic vasculature development, protects the adult peripheral vasculature from leakage, and has antiinflammatory properties. Because endotoxin-induced shock is a condition with microvascular leakage resulting from inflammation, we examined the potential therapeutic benefit of Ang1 in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock.

Methods And Results: To induce endotoxic shock, LPS was injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice.

Proteomic analysis for the assessment of diabetic renal damage in humans.

Renal disease in patients with Type II diabetes is the leading cause of terminal renal failure and a major healthcare problem. Hence early identification of patients prone to develop this complication is important. Diabetic renal damage should be reflected by a change in urinary polypeptide excretion at a very early stage.