What will it take? Perspectives from five low- and middle-income countries on opportunities and challenges of introducing new maternal vaccines.

Background: New vaccines for pregnant women have recently been introduced in some high-income countries to protect infants in early life. Implementing maternal immunisation (MI) successfully in low- and middle-income countries will require planning and adaptations to immunisation and maternal health programs. To inform cost of MI delivery studies, we gathered perspectives from key stakeholders in five countries (Bangladesh, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, and Nepal) regarding health system requirements, opportunities, and challenges to introducing new maternal vaccines into routine health programs.

Gathering information on maternal immunization readiness in Bangladesh, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, and Nepal: Applying a WHO checklist.

New respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) maternal vaccines have begun roll out in some countries, with efforts in progress to broaden access worldwide and shorten the timeline to access for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Prior to new maternal immunization (MI) introductions, countries will need to evaluate their capacity and readiness for successful introduction. The World Health Organization's Maternal Immunization and Antenatal Care Situation Analysis (MIACSA) project (2016-2019) developed a checklist for countries to self-evaluate their capacity to introduce new maternal vaccines.

Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 arises from serological recall of IgG antibodies distinctly imprinted by infection or vaccination.

Unlabelled: We used plasma IgG proteomics to study the molecular composition and temporal durability of polyclonal IgG antibodies triggered by ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, or their combination ("hybrid immunity"). Infection, whether primary or post-vaccination, mainly triggered an anti-spike antibody response to the S2 domain, while vaccination predominantly induced anti-RBD antibodies. Immunological imprinting persisted after a secondary (hybrid) exposure, with >60% of the ensuing serological response originating from the initial antibodies generated during the first exposure.

Evidence to support health system prioritization of health behaviors in the COVID-19 era.

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic health systems have shifted necessarily from chronic to infectious disease treatment, but chronic disease remains critical. One large health system uniquely tracks member health behaviors. This analysis compares data from select months of an ongoing monthly cross-sectional survey before and during the pandemic.

Exploring vaccine priorities and preferences: Results from a mixed-methods study in low- and middle-income settings.

Background: is the leading bacterial cause of diarrheal mortality in children and can cause long-term effects on growth and development. No licensed vaccines currently exist but several promising candidates are in development and could be available in the next five years. Despite being a well-known public health target of the World Health Organization for decades, given current burden estimates and competing preventable disease priorities in low-income settings, whether the availability of an effective vaccine will lead to its prioritization and widespread introduction among countries at highest risk is unknown.

Mental health treatment and access for emerging adults in Canada: a systematic review.

Introduction: Research into the mental healthcare of emerging adults (18-25) in Canada has been limited, despite this developmental period being widely considered a vulnerable time of life. As such, we aimed to identify the greatest barriers emerging adults faced in accessing mental healthcare in Canada, particularly in relation to the Canadian healthcare system which operates on a universal funding model but is challenged by funding shortfalls and a complex relationship to the provinces.

Methods: We systematically examined 28 pieces of literature, including academic and technical literature and publications from government organizations, focused on emerging adults and the Canadian mental healthcare system.

Pregnancy exposure registries for drugs and vaccines in low-income and middle-income countries: scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Data regarding the safety of drugs and vaccines in pregnant women are typically unavailable before licensure. Pregnancy exposure registries (PERs) are an important source of postmarketing safety information. PERs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are uncommon but can provide valuable safety data regarding their distinct contexts and will become more relevant as the introduction and use of new drugs and vaccines in pregnancy increase worldwide.

Socioeconomic differences in parental financial support, coresidence, and advice: A portrait of undergraduate students in the Canadian Prairies.

In this paper, we examine the intersections of parental support and family socioeconomic background within an undergraduate sample (N = 596) in a mid-sized Canadian Prairie city. Coresidence, financial support, and parental and professional financial advice are examined as types of 'family capital' that may be distributed unequally across socioeconomic groups. In keeping with previous literature, findings showed that students whose parents had university education and higher incomes received more robust coverage of their housing and school expenses.

Same-Admission Microvascular Maxillofacial Ballistic Trauma Reconstruction Using Virtual Surgical Planning: A Case Series and Systematic Review.

Study Design: Retrospective case series; systematic review.

Objective: It is unknown whether the use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) to facilitate same-admission microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible following acute maxillofacial ballistic trauma (MBT) is sufficient to achieve definitive reconstruction and functional occlusion.

Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible using VSP after acute MBT.

Evaluation of a protein-to-creatinine dipstick diagnostic test for proteinuria screening in selected antenatal care clinics in three Districts in the Bono-East Region of Ghana.

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia contribute significantly to maternal and newborn deaths worldwide. Early and accurate identification of pregnant women at risk can avert these deaths, but the necessary diagnostics are not widely available. A protein and creatinine ratio, rather than a measurement of protein alone, may provide better identification of proteinuria.

Performance and utility of more highly sensitive malaria rapid diagnostic tests.

Background: A new more highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test (HS-RDT) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria (Alere™/Abbott Malaria Ag P.f RDT [05FK140], now called NxTek™ Eliminate Malaria Ag Pf) was launched in 2017. The test has already been used in many research studies in a wide range of geographies and use cases.

Structure-activity relationship studies on 2,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles targeting -FtsZ as antitubercular agents.

Filamenting temperature sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) is an essential bacterial cell division protein and a promising target for the development of new antibacterial therapeutics. As a part of our ongoing SAR studies on 2,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles as antitubercular agents targeting -FtsZ, a new library of compounds with modifications at the 2 position was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their activity against -H37Rv. This new library of trisubstituted benzimidazoles exhibited MIC values in the range of 0.

Acquired Sinus of Valsalva Fistula and Turner Syndrome.

A 21-year old woman with a history of Turner syndrome presented with a diastolic heart murmur, dizziness, dyspnea, and intermittent chest pain. Preoperative imaging revealed a fistula from the right sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium. Turner syndrome is associated with both aortopathy and congenital heart malformations.

A strategy to promote population-wide life satisfaction while advancing equity.

Objectives: To develop a strategy to promote life satisfaction with equity for a diverse insured population.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey and claims analysis.

Methods: We conduct an ongoing survey of a stratified random sample of adult plan members.

The Predicted Impact of Adopting Health-Promoting Behaviors on Disease Burden in a Commercially Insured Population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to better understand, in a commercially insured population, the potential impact of adopting six health-promoting behaviors relative to treating diseases and conditions.

Methods: We combined survey and insurance claims data to compare the potential benefit from adopting behaviors relative with the burden from 27 groups of diseases and conditions.

Results: If every member adopted all six behaviors, an 11.

The health and well-being of an ACO population.

Objectives: To identify opportunities to improve the health and well-being of members of HealthPartners, a health plan based in Minnesota.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of insurance claims, death records, and survey data.

Methods: We calculated a current health score from insurance claims and death records for all 754,584 members 18 years and older who met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the period January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, and/or January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016.

Pediatric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Frontal Sinus: A Case Report.

An 11-year-old male presented with right proptosis, bulbar conjunctivitis, and diplopia. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing mass involving the superio-medial orbit, ethmoids, frontal sinus, and anterior cranial fossa with skull base destruction. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed via CT-guided biopsy.

Validating a method to assess disease burden from insurance claims.

Objectives: To validate a method that estimates disease burden as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from insurance claims and death records for the purpose of identifying the conditions that place the greatest burden of disease on an insured population.

Study Design: Comparison of the DALYs generated from death records and insurance claims with functional status and health status reported by individuals who were insured with one of HealthPartners' commercial products and completed a health assessment in 2011, 2012, or 2013.

Methods: We calculated values of Spearman's ρ, the rank-order coefficient of correlation, for the correlation of DALYs with self-reported function and self-reported health.

Comparing Population-based Risk-stratification Model Performance Using Demographic, Diagnosis and Medication Data Extracted From Outpatient Electronic Health Records Versus Administrative Claims.

Background: There is an increasing demand for electronic health record (EHR)-based risk stratification and predictive modeling tools at the population level. This trend is partly due to increased value-based payment policies and the increasing availability of EHRs at the provider level. Risk stratification models, however, have been traditionally derived from claims or encounter systems.

Thermal and Photoinduced Copper-Promoted C-Se Bond Formation: Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones and Evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

2-Alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones, represented by ebselen (1a), are being studied intensively for a range of medicinal applications. We describe both a new thermal and photoinduced copper-mediated cross-coupling between potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN) and N-substituted ortho-halobenzamides to form 2-alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones containing a C-Se-N bond. The copper ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) facilitates C-Se bond formation during heating via a mechanism that likely involves atom transfer (AT), whereas, in the absence of ligand, photoinduced activation likely proceeds through a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism.

Evaluating the Contribution of Transition-State Destabilization to Changes in the Residence Time of Triazole-Based InhA Inhibitors.

A critical goal of lead compound selection and optimization is to maximize target engagement while minimizing off-target binding. Since target engagement is a function of both the thermodynamics and kinetics of drug-target interactions, it follows that the structures of both the ground states and transition states on the binding reaction coordinate are needed to rationally modulate the lifetime of the drug-target complex. Previously, we predicted the structure of the rate-limiting transition state that controlled the time-dependent inhibition of the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA.

Concordance Between Life Satisfaction and Six Elements of Well-Being Among Respondents to a Health Assessment Survey, HealthPartners Employees, Minnesota, 2011.

Introduction: We assessed and tracked perceptions of well-being among employees of member companies of HealthPartners, a nonprofit health care provider and health insurance company in Bloomington, Minnesota. The objective of our study was to determine the concordance between self-reported life satisfaction and a construct of subjective well-being that comprised 6 elements of well-being: emotional and mental health, social and interpersonal status, financial status, career status, physical health, and community support.

Methods: We analyzed responses of 23,268 employees (of 37,982 invitees) from 6 HealthPartners companies who completed a health assessment in 2011.