Haematological and Biochemical Reference Intervals Towards a Proactive Health Monitoring Approach in Norwegian Atlantic Salmon Farming.

Haematological and plasma parameters are used in veterinary medicine as a diagnostic tool, allowing for the early detection of potential health and welfare issues. For the implementation of monitoring strategies, reference intervals (RIs) are needed to know when deviations in those parameters become clinically relevant. Here, haematological and plasma biochemical RIs of Norwegian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) are presented for 29 biomarkers.

A stakeholder-involved adaptation of pathways and resources for engagement and participation (PREP) material with young adults with complex disability in Australia: an implementation feasibility study.

Purpose: Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation (PREP) is an intervention to optimise individuals' participation by building problem-solving capacity and addressing environmental barriers. We investigated the feasibility of implementing PREP with young adults (18-30 years) with complex disability in Australia.

Materials And Methods: Explanatory sequential mixed methods study in three stages.

Adequacy of SNAP Benefits for Indiana Households, 2022.

We investigated the adequacy of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits for Indiana households. Methods included focus groups, interviews, and a statewide survey of 652 households. SNAP benefit-level increases over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic increased their adequacy overall yet were still inadequate for some households.

Ischemic myelomalacia and closed spinal dysraphism in multiple finishing swine.

Ischemic myelomalacia secondary to fibrocartilaginous emboli (FCE) is an idiopathic disease in humans and animals. On the other hand, congenital spinal cord malformations result from neural tube defects in fetal development (ie, spinal dysraphism), with structural anomalies referred to collectively as myelodysplasia. Spinal dysraphisms are frequently accompanied by skin and vertebral abnormalities because of the embryogenic relationship.

The Interactions of Food Security, Health, and Loneliness among Rural Older Adults before and after the Onset of COVID-19.

Older adults and those living in rural areas face unique challenges to health and food security which were exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine the interrelationships among food security, physical health, and loneliness among rural older adults before the onset of and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from a cross-sectional household survey of older adults in rural Indiana, administered May 2020 through July 2020, our results show a higher prevalence of food insecurity, poorer physical health, and increased loneliness after the onset of the pandemic.

Food security and well-being among older, rural Americans before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many aspects of our lives. Older adults, those with less income or fewer resources, and those living in rural parts of the United States are potentially more vulnerable. To understand the negative impact of COVID-19 on perceived food security, physical and mental health, and loneliness in a sample of older, rural, low-income adults in the United States, we use results from a mailed survey in which residents of four Indiana counties contrasted their status during the early period of the pandemic to their typical pre-pandemic status.

Monitoring Farmed Fish Welfare by Measurement of Cortisol as a Stress Marker in Fish Feces by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The aquaculture industry has become a sustainable source of food for humans. Remaining challenges include disease issues and ethical concerns for the discomfort and stress of farmed fish. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to monitor welfare in fish, and the stress hormone cortisol has been suggested as a good candidate.

Protective Efficacy of an Orf Virus-Vector Encoding the Hemagglutinin and the Nucleoprotein of Influenza A Virus in Swine.

Swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease of pigs caused by influenza A viruses (IAV-S). IAV-S causes significant economic losses to the swine industry and poses challenges to public health given its zoonotic potential. Thus effective IAV-S vaccines are needed and highly desirable and would benefit both animal and human health.

Small-Scale Dynamic Aurora.

Unlabelled: Small-scale dynamic auroras have spatial scales of a few km or less, and temporal scales of a few seconds or less, which visualize the complex interplay among charged particles, Alfvén waves, and plasma instabilities working in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupled regions. We summarize the observed properties of flickering auroras, vortex motions, and filamentary structures. We also summarize the development of fundamental theories, such as dispersive Alfvén waves (DAWs), plasma instabilities in the auroral acceleration region, ionospheric feedback instabilities (IFI), and the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR).

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation increases corticospinal excitability, while performance is unchanged.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has been shown to improve bicycle time to fatigue (TTF) tasks at 70-80% of VO2max and downregulate rate of perceived exertion (RPE). This study aimed to investigate the effect of a-tDCS on a RPE-clamp test, a 250-kJ time trial (TT) and motor evoked potentials (MEP). Twenty participants volunteered for three trials; control, sham stimulation and a-tDCS.

Evaluation of the Hologic Panther Fusion MRSA Assay for the detection of MRSA in ESwab specimens obtained from nose, throat, and perineum.

Enrichment culture (EC) remains gold standard for detecting MRSA colonisation, but molecular methods shorten turnaround time. The CE-marked automated Hologic Panther Fusion MRSA Assay (HPFM) is validated for nasal swabs. We compared HPFM with EC following an in-house PCR for detection of MRSA in nasal, pharyngeal, and perineal ESwabs.

The Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Quadriceps Maximal Voluntary Contraction, Corticospinal Excitability, and Voluntary Activation Levels.

Kristiansen, M, Thomsen, MJ, Nørgaard, J, Aaes, J, Knudsen, D, and Voigt, M. The effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction, corticospinal excitability, and voluntary activation levels. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1540-1547, 2022-Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has previously been shown to improve maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC), possibly through an upregulation of corticospinal excitability.

Northern preference for terrestrial electromagnetic energy input from space weather.

Terrestrial space weather involves the transfer of energy and momentum from the solar wind into geospace. Despite recently discovered seasonal asymmetries between auroral forms and the intensity of emissions between northern and southern hemispheres, seasonally averaged energy input into the ionosphere is still generally considered to be symmetric. Here we show, using Swarm satellite data, a preference for electromagnetic energy input at 450 km altitude into the northern hemisphere, on both the dayside and the nightside, when averaged over season.

Evaluation of immuview RSV antigen test (SSI siagnostica) and BinaxNOW RSV card (alere) for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in retrospectively and prospectively collected respiratory samples.

Human orthopneumovirus, formerly known as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is a frequent cause of hospitalization among infants due to respiratory tract infection. Fast, reliable, and easy to perform tests are needed to optimize treatment and to identify children that should be contact isolated to avoid nosocomial outbreaks. We prospectively tested 200 respiratory samples with a new assay (ImmuView RSV Antigen Test, SSI Diagnostica) and compared the results to the Alere BinaxNOW RSV Card by using our laboratory-developed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as reference.

Enhanced Loading of Functional miRNA Cargo via pH Gradient Modification of Extracellular Vesicles.

Based on their identification as physiological nucleic acid carriers in humans and other organisms, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been explored as therapeutic delivery vehicles for DNA, RNA, and other cargo. However, efficient loading and functional delivery of nucleic acids remain a challenge, largely because of potential sources of degradation and aggregation. Here, we report that protonation of EVs to generate a pH gradient across EV membranes can be utilized to enhance vesicle loading of nucleic acid cargo, specifically microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

A critique of the objective function utilized in calculating the Thrifty Food Plan.

The Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) is the basis of benefit allocations within the USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which administers nearly $70 billion in benefits to over 42 million people annually. To produce the allocation of food within the TFP, the USDA uses a mathematical optimization model that solves for the daily apportionment across various food groups. The model is constrained by nutritional and consumption requirements to produce an "optimal" allocation.

An Examination of Medically Necessary Diets within the Framework of the Thrifty Food Plan.

The Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) determines the maximum allotment of nutrition assistance for over forty million Americans participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). This research recalculates the official TFP allocations using a more straightforward model that minimizes cost subject to nutrient constraints to establish a baseline for adult females and males. We then examine three additional diet plans to evaluate their feasibility under the current SNAP benefit allotment: a diet for lactose intolerance, for persons with type 2 diabetes, and a diet for pregnant women.

Bandage contact lens retention in dogs-A pilot study.

Objective: To assess and compare retention, application characteristics, and patient tolerance of nine bandage contact lens types from four manufacturers.

Animals Studied: Six research Beagles were used in this pilot study.

Procedure: Five bandage contact lens types from two veterinary brands and four bandage contact lens types from two human brands were evaluated in six research Beagles.

Potentiation of P2RX7 as a host-directed strategy for control of mycobacterial infection.

is the leading worldwide cause of death due to a single infectious agent. Existing anti-tuberculous therapies require long treatments and are complicated by multi-drug-resistant strains. Host-directed therapies have been proposed as an orthogonal approach, but few have moved into clinical trials.

Co-infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza and duck hepatitis viruses in Egyptian backyard and commercial ducks.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus poses a major challenge to the poultry industry and human health in Egypt. Twenty one households and eight duck farms in Sharkia Province, Egypt were investigated for the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) and/or duck hepatitis virus 1 (DHV-1). Mortality rates among the investigated farms and yards were, 18.

New science in plain sight: Citizen scientists lead to the discovery of optical structure in the upper atmosphere.

A glowing ribbon of purple light running east-west in the night sky has recently been observed by citizen scientists. This narrow, subauroral, visible structure, distinct from the traditional auroral oval, was largely undocumented in the scientific literature and little was known about its formation. Amateur photo sequences showed colors distinctly different from common types of aurora and occasionally indicated magnetic field-aligned substructures.

Phylogenetic Analysis and Characterization of a Sporadic Isolate of Equine Influenza A H3N8 from an Unvaccinated Horse in 2015.

Equine influenza, caused by the H3N8 subtype, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting equid populations worldwide and has led to serious epidemics and transboundary pandemics. This study describes the phylogenetic characterization and replication kinetics of recently-isolated H3N8 virus from a nasal swab obtained from a sporadic case of natural infection in an unvaccinated horse from Montana, USA. The nasal swab tested positive for equine influenza by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).