Body temperature, respiration, and acid-base equilibrium during prolonged running.

The purpose of this investigation was to study respiratory responses related to acid-base equilibrium during two bouts of prolonged high intensity treadmill running, each at different body temperature levels. In an attempt to augment elevation in body temperature during prolonged running, incomplete rehydration procedures were employed. Rectal temperature was found to increase significantly during the course of each run.

Physiological and performance characteristics of United States championship class orienteers.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the anaerobic and aerobic power of female and male United States championship orienteers and relate these data to competitive performance. In addition, it was considered valuable to obtain a general physical description of the athletes. Anthropometrically, neither the females (n=5) nor the males (n=13) conformed to a somatotype classification typical of endurance athletes.

Cardiovascular, metabolic, and ventilatory responses of women to equivalent cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise.

The relationships between age and cardiorespiratory and metabolic adjustments during cycle ergometer exercise and treadmill walking were investigated at 30%, 60%, 80%, and maximal aerobic power (VO2max). The subjects were 18 females between the ages of 17-40. Tr-admill walking resulted in an 8 percent greater maximal aerobic power than that observed during cycle ergometer exercise.

Alactic capacity and power: reliability and interpretation.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine test-retest reliability for measuring maximal values of alactic capacity (ALCmax) and alactic power (ALPmax). For this, 31 men and 13 women each completed two ALCmax and ALPmax tests. Test-retest correlation coefficients for ALCmax and ALPmax values were 0.

Effect of prolonged running on physiological responses to subsequent exercise.

The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses for submaximal and maximal exercise performed several days preceding (pre-test) and 45 min after (post-test) 21 miles of high intensity (70% VO2 max) treadmill running. Seven aerobically trained subjects' oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, ventilatory equivalent of oxygen, and blood lactate concentration were determined for exercise during the pre- and post-test sessions. No differences were found for submaximal oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, pulmonary ventilation and ventilatory equivalent of oxygen between the pre- and post-test values.

Activation of suppressor T cells in human autologous mixed lymphocyte culture.

Co-culture of autologous T and mitomycin-C treated B cells results in increased DNA synthesis in the responding T cells. T cells thus activated in AMLC exerted suppressive effects on both the proliferative and cytotoxic responses of fresh unstimulated T cells to allogeneic cells in MLC. The suppressor cells generated are sensitive to treatment with mitomycin-C.

Post-competition blood lactate concentrations in collegiate swimmers.

The purpose of this investigation was to quantitate post-competition lactate (LA) concentrations of swimmers during a competitive collegiate meet. Blood LA was measured by an enzymatic method on 23 subjects 5 min after each race event. The largest mean LA concentration of 25.

Thermal and circulatory responses to repeated bouts of prolonged running.

The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal and circulatory responses of seven runners (X VO2max = 66 ml kg min) to two bouts of high intensity prolonged treadmill running (PTR) [each 80-min at 70% VO2max] spaced by a 90-min rest. After the transition to exercise, oxygen uptake (VO2) and percent change in plasma volume remained constant throughout each PTR. Rectal temperature (Tr) and heart rate (HR) increased while stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q) decreased during the course of each PTR.

Metabolic responses of untrained individuals to warm-up.

Seven untrained male subjects were studied for the effects of mild warm-up on oxygen uptake and lactic acid production. Each subject completed two standardized workloads on a bicycle ergometer requiring 75% of their physical work capacity. Protocols of the two tests consisted of either no warm-up or a 4-min warm-up preceding a 5-min exercise at approximately 80% of their maximal oxygen uptake.

Human lymphocyte responses are enhanced by culture at 40 degrees C.

In vitro responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were found to be markedly enhanced by culture at 40 degrees C rather than at the conventional temperature of 37 degrees C. We studied proliferative responses of lymphocytes by activation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and found enhancement of DNA synthesis at the higher temperature. Cytotoxic T cell responses to allogeneic cells were also enhanced when MLC was done at 40 degrees C.

Normal antibody-dependent killer cell function in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Unfractionated mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and nylon wool-nonadherent (B-cell-depleted and T- and null-cell enriched) cells from normal control individuals and untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were tested for killer cell function in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. Killer cell activity was present in unfractionated cells from normal individuals and was enriched after removal of adherent cells. Target cell killing by unfractionated mononuclear cells from CLL patients was deficient in 5 of 6 patients tested, but after removal of adherent cells it was approximately equal to that of normal nonadherent cells.

Immunologic studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: defective stimulation of T-cell proliferation in autologous mixed lymphocyte culture.

Peripheral blood leukocytes from untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and normal age- and sex-matched control individuals were tested for the ability to respond with increased DNA synthesis after mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with allogeneic and autologous lymphocyte fractions. We performed these tests using, as responder cells, unfractionated mononuclear cells and T-cell-enriched populations obtained after nylon-wool column filtration. The results showed that nonadherent T-cell-enriched populations from both CLL patients and normal controls responded to allogeneic stimulation and that adherent cell fractions from normal individuals, and often from CLL patients, provided a stronger stimulus in MLC than did nonadherent cells.