Extracardiac rhabdomyoma: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature.

Extracardiac rhabdomyomas are rare benign neoplasms that in the past have been divided by histologic criteria into adult and fetal types. In this series, 15 previously unpublished cases are presented and analyzed in combination with 51 acceptable cases from the literature. The adult type of rhabdomyoma occurs almost exclusively in the head and neck region (93% of all cases), particularly in the larynx and pharynx of adult males.

Orbital lymphoid neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study of 60 patients.

Sixty cases of orbital lymphoid neoplasms originally accessioned as malignant lymphomas were analyzed histopathologically and the follow-up data evaluated separately for each category as follows: inflammatory pseudo-tumor, 5; reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 8; atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, 7; and malignant lymphocytic lymphoma (classified according to Rappaport), 40. Significant clinical differences were not observed among these patients, suggesting that the lesions must be distinguished by histologic rather than clinical criteria. Systematic application of the histologic criteria discussed here improved diagnostic accuracy and our ability to predict clinical outcome as substantiated by follow-up data.

Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human neoplastic lymphoid cells. Usefulness as a T-cell marker.

Previous studies have shown that a distinctive pattern of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity (focal reaction product) characterizes normal human peripheral blood and tissue T lymphocytes but is absent from thymocytes and certain mitogen-stimulated T-cell blasts. In the present study mononuclear cell suspensions prepared from the peripheral blood and tissue specimens of 35 patients with lymphoid malignancies were simultaneously analyzed for surface immunoglobulin, sheep erythrocyte rosette formation, Ia antigens, and ANAE activity. The neoplastic cells from 16 patients with Ia+ SIg+ E- (B cell) malignancies, 4 patients with Ia+ SIg- E- (non-B, non-T) acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 3 patients with Ia- SIg- E- (null cell) malignancies failed to exhibit ANAE activity.

Immunologic characterization of ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms.

We correlated the light microscopic features of ten ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms with the results of selected immunologic and histochemical lymphocyte marker studies. The lesions were divided into three histomorphologic patterns: inflammatory pseudotumor, reactive follicular hyperplasia, and malignant lymphoma. The six inflammatory pseudotumors, and reactive follicular hyperplasia, despite diverse histomorphology, were immunologically polyclonal and consisted of from 45 to 73% T cells and 27 to 60% B cells, the B cells being polyclonal with respect to light chain determinants.

Nodular lymphocytic lymphoma eventuating into diffuse histiocytic lymphoma: immunoperoxidase demonstration of monoclonality.

The patient described here had a nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma associated with a serum monoclonal protein, IgG lambda. Following a three year period of radiation-induced clinical remission she developed generalized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Direct immunoperoxidase staining of the tissue sections demonstrated that the neoplastic cells of each biopsy only contained IgG lambda immunoglobulin, identical to the serum monoclonal protein.

Growth and migration of plasmodia of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum: the effect of carbohydrates, including agar.

A method for studying the growth and migration of myxomycete plasmodia on the surface of agar and other gels was devised. The migration rate of plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum was greatly reduced when nutrients that permit rapid growth were present, and slightly reduced by most sugars tested at 56 mM, including some that were not utilized. The carbohydrate requirement of the myxomycete could be satisfied by a range of sugars and derivatives, including mannitol and agar, utilization of the latter being slight but definite.

The chemotactic response of plasmodia of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum to sugars and related compounds.

A new technique, the double strip method, for studying the chemotaxis of myxomycete plasmodia is described. Physarum polycephalum was attracted by the aldohexoses D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose and their derivatives 2-deoxy-D-glucose and maltose, thresholds ranging from 0.25 mM (D-glucose) to 5 mM (D-mannose).

Tissue localization of T-lymphocytes by the histochemical demonstration of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase.

Nonspecific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity has previously been evaluated with the sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette assay and found to be a useful T-cell marker in cell suspension studies. T-lymphocytes display a solitary red brown nodule of reaction product (T-pattern) which can be readily distinguished from the diffuse, cytoplasmic staining of monocytes (M-pattern). Freshly obtained human tissue blocks were fixed with buffered formal sucrose and maintained in Holt's syrup; cryostat sections were cut and incubated under conditions appropriate for the histochemical demonstration of lymphocyte acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity.

Pleomorphic reticulum cell sarcoma, monoclonal gammopathy and amyloidosis: an immunoperoxidase study.

Pleomorphic reticulum cell sarcoma, a histologic variant of the histiocytic lymphomas, presented as an abdominal mass in a 52-year-old woman. Extensive amyloid deposition was present within the tumor mass and an M-component (IgG Lambda) was identified in the serum. Direct immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections demonstrated the same monoclonal immunoglobulin to be present within the neoplastic cells, presumptive evidence of their ability to both synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin.

The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characterization of benign hepatic neoplasms. Alleged association with oral contraceptives.

Poor histopathologic documentation and confusing terminology have caused focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and liver cell adenoma (LCA) to be categorized together as "benign hepatomas." FNH and LCA are distinguishable grossly, microscopically, and ultrastructurally. In a majority of instances they may be differentiated by combined angiography and liver scan: FNH is hypervascular and exhibits normal uptake on scan whereas LCA is hypovascular and cold on scan.

Immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase characteristics of IgDlambda myeloma involving the orbit.

A biopsy specimen from a 59-year-old man with unilateral proptosis revealed an orbital plasmacytic tumor. In vitro immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence studies and direct immunoperoxidase staining of Bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections demonstrated that the tumor consisted of plasma cells with surface and intracellular IgDlambda immunoglobulin. Systemic evaluation demonstrated multiple myeloma.

Ophthalmic striated muscle neoplasms.

Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common primary malignant childhood orbital tumor, is composed of neoplastic striated muscle cells (rhabdomyoblasts) in various stages of differentiation and in patterns suggestive of neoplastic analogs of normal muscle embryogenesis. Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is most commonly seen in children and adolescents, the average age of onset of symptoms being 7.8 years.

Thymoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case report.

A case of epithelial thymoma occurring synchronously with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia and urinary bladder carcinoma in a 76-year-old man is described. Thymomas have been associated with numberous hematologic, collagen-vascular and autoimmune disease states, as well as with an increased incidence of nonthymic malignancy. Human thymoma-associated leukemia is, however, extremely unusual, despite the well-documented role of the thymus in leukemogenesis in experimental animals.

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature.

We received the clinical records and pathologic material of 20 patients with biopsy proven hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The majority of the patients were females of child bearing age, five of whom had a history of oral use of contraceptives. In every instance focal nodular hyperplasia was an incidental finding; liver function tests were always normal.

Rhabdomyoma of the orbit.

To our knowledge, this is the first fully documented case of an adult-type orbital rhabdomyoma in an 8-year-old white boy, which originated in the belly of the medial rectus muscle and grew into the anterior orbit to incorporate the trochlea. Incomplete excision resulted in recurrence; the lesion was misinterpreted as a rhabdomyosarcoma and exenteration was performed. The patient was free of disease 25 years later.

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver.

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, an uncommonly reported and poorly defined clinicopathological entity, obscured clinical diagnosis and was misdiagnosed on hepatic biopsy in a recent case. Approximately 19 cases are recorded in the English literature. Six patients had Felty's syndrome, about 12 patients had congestive heart failure, and the patient under discussion had subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Amyloidosis of the orbit and adnexae.

Five patients representing a spectrum of orbital and adnexal amyloidosis are presented. One patient with conjunctival amyloidosis did not have antecedent infection nor systemic disease (primary localized amyloidosis), while another patient with conjunctival amyloidosis had a long history of repeated attacks of bacterial conjunctivitis (secondary localized amyloidosis). The third patient presented with serial bilateral lacrimal gland amyloid without systemic disease (primary localized orbital amyloidosis).