Local Myoelectric Sensing During Human Colonic Tissue Perfusion.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the most devastating complications after colorectal surgery. The verification of the adequate perfusion of the anastomosis is essential to ensuring anastomosis integrity following colonic resections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of measuring the electrical activity of the colonic muscularis externa at an anastomosis site for perfusion analysis following colorectal surgery.

Scanxiety and Fear of Recurrence in Young Adult Female Breast and Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: Investigating Shared Mechanisms.

Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) females are vulnerable to psychological sequelae following cancer diagnosis and treatment. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is well-documented in cancer survivors, however AYA survivors of breast and gynaecological cancers are less well-studied. Moreover, little is known about scan-related fears and anxiety ('scanxiety') in survivors of any age group.

A study within a trial (SWAT) of clinical trial feasibility and barriers to recruitment in the United Kingdom - the CapaCiTY programme experience.

Background: The CapaCiTY programme includes three, multi-centre, randomised controlled trials aiming to develop an evidence based adult chronic constipation treatment pathway. The trials were conducted in the United Kingdom, National Health Service, aiming to recruit 808 participants from 26 March 2015 to 31 January 2019. Sites were selected based on their responses to site feasibility questionnaires (2014-2015), a common tool employed by sponsors to assess a site's recruitment potential and ability to undertake the trial protocol.

Combined MRI, high-resolution manometry and a randomised trial of bisacodyl versus hyoscine show the significance of an enlarged colon in constipation: the RECLAIM study.

Background: Colonic motility in constipation can be assessed non-invasively using MRI.

Objective: To compare MRI with high-resolution colonic manometry (HRCM) for predicting treatment response.

Design: Part 1: 44 healthy volunteers (HVs), 43 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and 37 with functional constipation (FC) completed stool diaries and questionnaires and underwent oral macrogol (500-1000 mL) challenge.

Latent classes of adolescent health behaviour, social covariates and mental wellbeing: a longitudinal birth cohort study.

Background: Adolescent mental wellbeing has been declining in the United Kingdom for over a decade. Expansion of services to support the mental wellbeing of young people is a public health priority and a core component of the National Health Service's Long-Term Plan. In this paper, we leverage secondary analysis of a very large longitudinal dataset (#BeeWell) to generate insights regarding different patterns of health behaviour, their covariates, and consequences for mental wellbeing one year later.

Social support among English learners with disabilities and other adolescents.

Introduction: Social support is important for many youth but may be particularly important for English learners (ELs) with disabilities, a population that has historically faced barriers accessing resources to meet their educational needs. The current study investigates social support from parents, peers, teachers, and schools in a nationally representative sample of adolescents.

Method: Data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 was used to evaluate potential group differences in social support among participants that included ELs with (n = 440) and without disabilities (n = 100) and non-ELs with (n = 4890) and without disabilities (n = 1090).

Insulin secretion in liver transplant recipients following conversion to a prolonged release tacrolimus formulation.

Background: Post liver transplant diabetes mellitus (PLTDM) occurs in 10-40% of liver transplant recipients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. An important cause of PLTDM is tacrolimus induced, concentration-dependent, inhibition of insulin secretion.

Objective: To determine if a newly licenced formulation of tacrolimus (Envarsus-PA), which achieves peak tacrolimus concentrations 20-30% lower than other tacrolimus formulations has less of an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion.

Habit training versus habit training with direct visual biofeedback in adults with chronic constipation: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: The aim was to determine whether specialist-led habit training using Habit Training with Biofeedback (HTBF) is more effective than specialist-led habit training alone (HT) for chronic constipation and whether outcomes of interventions are improved by stratification to HTBF or HT based on diagnosis (functional defaecation disorder vs. no functional defaecation disorder) by radio-physiological investigations (INVEST).

Method: This was a parallel three-arm randomized single-blinded controlled trial, permitting two randomized comparisons: HTBF versus HT alone; INVEST- versus no-INVEST-guided intervention.

Physical activity in childhood and adolescence and future depressive symptoms: an 11-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) can reduce young peoples' risk of depressive symptoms. Associations between PA and depressive symptoms are often investigated over timeframes spanning minutes to weeks. Less is known about whether childhood/adolescent PA can predict depressive symptoms in early adulthood.

Evaluating the risk factors for the development of benign disorders of defaecation: a surgical perspective.

Purpose: There remains uncertainty as to which risk factors are important for the development of defaecatory problems as a result of heterogeneity of published evidence. Understanding the impact of risk factors may be important in selecting targets for disease prevention or reversal. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate risk factors for faecal incontinence and chronic constipation.

Systematic review of preoperative and intraoperative colorectal Anastomotic Leak Prediction Scores (ALPS).

Objective: To systematically review preoperative and intraoperative Anastomotic Leak Prediction Scores (ALPS) and validation studies to evaluate performance and utility in surgical decision-making. Anastomotic leak (AL) is the most feared complication of colorectal surgery. Individualised leak risk could guide anastomosis and/or diverting stoma.

Adult-onset megacolon with focal hypoganglionosis: A detailed phenotyping and prospective cohort study.

Background: In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated features of "adult-onset megacolon with focal hypoganglionosis."

Methods: We assessed the radiologic, endoscopic, and histopathologic phenotyping and treatment outcomes of 29 patients between 2017 and 2020. Data from community controls, consisting of 19,948 adults undergoing health screenings, were analyzed to identify risk factors.

Optimization of 13-tetradecenyl acetate sex pheromone for trapping Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae).

Corn wireworm, Melanotus communis Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Elateridae), is an economically important larval pest of root and tuber crops in the United States. Previous work to estimate field-level abundance of M. communis has focused on grain-based larval baits placed in soil.

Implementation of a batched stepped wedge trial evaluating a quality improvement intervention for surgical teams to reduce anastomotic leak after right colectomy.

Background: Large-scale quality improvement interventions demand robust trial designs with flexibility for delivery in different contexts, particularly during a pandemic. We describe innovative features of a batched stepped wedge trial, ESCP sAfe Anastomosis proGramme in CoLorectal SurgEry (EAGLE), intended to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy, and reflect on lessons learned about the implementation of quality improvement programmes on an international scale.

Methods: Surgical units were recruited and randomised in batches to receive a hospital-level education intervention designed to reduce anastomotic leak, either before, during, or following data collection.

Supported Intervention Versus Intervention Alone for Management of Fecal Incontinence in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Mixed-Methods Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to test a noninvasive self-management intervention supported by specialist nurses versus intervention alone in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experiencing fecal incontinence and to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the trial.

Design: Multicenter, parallel-group, open-label, mixed-methods randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Subjects And Setting: The sample comprised patients from a preceding case-finding study who reported fecal incontinence and met study requirements; the RCT was delivered via IBD outpatient clinics in 6 hospitals (5 in major UK cities, 1 rural) between September 2015 and August 2017.

Safety and Efficacy of Iltamiocel Cellular Therapy for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence. Results of a Phase 1/2 Study.

Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of iltamiocel, an investigational cellular therapy of autologous muscle-derived cells, as a treatment for fecal incontinence (FI) in adults.

Background: Limited therapeutic options are available for patients with FI refractory to conservative treatments. Cell therapy using autologous muscle-derived cells represents a promising, minimally invasive approach for restoring anal sphincter function.

Contributions of Ccr4 and Gcn2 to the Translational Response of to Host-Relevant Stressors and Integrated Stress Response Induction.

In response to the host environment, the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans must rapidly reprogram its translatome from one which promotes growth to one which is responsive to host stress. In this study, we investigate the two events which comprise translatome reprogramming: the removal of abundant, pro-growth mRNAs from the translating pool, and the regulated entry of stress-responsive mRNAs into the translating pool. Removal of pro-growth mRNAs from the translating pool is controlled primarily by two regulatory mechanisms, repression of translation initiation via Gcn2, and decay mediated by Ccr4.