[Microbial sensitivity spectrum of framycetin. Comparison with the 1972 to 1993 resistance status].

Framycetin was tested against a variety of isolates of grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. The in-vitro activity of Framycetin against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Pseudomonas fluorescens is today still favourable.

Medical and veterinary use of antimicrobial agents: implications for public health. A clinician's view on antimicrobial resistance.

It is often proposed that the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents in the veterinary field leads to increased resistance in bacteria pathogenic to humans. Although for human medicine there is some potential danger behind the use of antimicrobial agents in animals, very few species (such as Staphylococci, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia and Campylobacter) isolated in animals, which are also pathogenic to man, have been mentioned in the literature. The present paper analyzes the areas and bacteria where the clinician faces problems in the treatment of infection in man.

[Possibilities for the use of basic cephalosporins].

The always growing number of cephalosporins constitutes a significant part of the betalactam antibiotics. Depending on antibacterial spectrum and in vitro activity, different groups, e.g.

Influence of cefpirome on pharyngeal and faecal flora after single and multiple intravenous administrations of cefpirome to healthy volunteers.

The effect of single and multiple 2 g doses of i.v. cefpirome on pharyngeal and faecal flora was studied in ten male volunteers.

In vivo activity of cefodizime.

Cefodizime has been shown to possess high in vivo antibacterial activity in a variety of experimental infection models involving different body systems and animal species: systemic infections, pneumonia and urinary tract infections in normal mice, intrauterine infections in normal rats, and meningitis in normal rabbits, as well as systemic infections in immunosuppressed animals. Most investigations found that the therapeutic efficacy of cefodizime frequently exceeded the one expected from its in vitro values and in many cases compared favorably with those of other cephems, even when the in vitro susceptibility of the infecting organism to these drugs was markedly higher. These findings have been attributed either to the superior kinetic profile of cefodizime--prolonged serum half-life and excellent tissue penetration with long-lasting levels--or to a synergy between its high bactericidal activity and host defence mechanisms.

In vitro activity of cefodizime.

Cefodizime is a bactericidal cephem with the typical broad spectrum activity of an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: its MIC90 is 0.125 mg/l for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci; and 0.05 mg/l for Haemophilus spp.

Cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity.

The antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- negative strains), Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp.

Antibiotic usage for initial empirical treatment of infections in hospitalized patients in West Germany.

Antibiotic usage for initial empirical treatment of infections in hospitalized patients was assessed by means of a questionnaire sent to physicians in charge of surgical and medical intensive care units, departments of neurosurgery, neurology, general surgery, thoracic surgery, internal medicine and pediatrics. Analysis of a total of 82 questionnaires filled in by the various departments revealed that the most frequently used regimens for initial empirical therapy were combinations of a broad spectrum penicillin with an amino-glycoside or of a second generation cephalosporin with an aminoglycoside in intensive care. Third generation cephalosporins ranked third among combination partners with aminoglycosides.

Influence of fosfomycin on the intestinal and pharyngeal flora of man.

The influence of 5 g fosfomycin i.v. every 12 hours on the intestinal and pharyngeal flora was studied in eight healthy, male volunteers.

The in vitro activity of flomoxef compared to four other cephalosporins and imipenem.

The antibacterial activity of the oxacephalosporin flomoxef was evaluated in comparison to cefpirome, cefuzoname, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and imipenem against fresh clinical isolates. Flomoxef is an antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity against staphylococci including methicillin-resistant strains and streptococci with the exception of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. It is very active against gram-negative cocci and rods including gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes.

Concentration of ciprofloxacin in bone tissue after single parenteral administration to patients older than 70 years.

The concentrations of ciprofloxacin produced in bone, cartilage and menisci after a single administration of 200 mg were determined at different intervals in a group of patients with an average age of 80 years. Concentrations of 0.11 to 0.

[In vitro evaluation of lomefloxacin].

Lomefloxacin (1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4- oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid monohydrochloride, SC-47111) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the 4-quinolone group. In this comparative study the antimicrobial in-vitro activity of lomefloxacin was tested against 863 gram-negative and 415 gram-positive strains from fresh clinical isolates. As comparative agents ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin were used.

Transductional analysis of imipenem-ceftazidime-and azactam resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from nosocomial infections.

Six strains of P. aeruginosa, resistant to IMI, CTZ and/or AZA, or to two of these drugs even to all three antibiotics, have been analysed by transduction by standard transducing phages F116 and G101, propagated on these strains, as well by a wildtype phage isolated from one of P. aeruginosa strains resistant to CTZ and AZA.

Fleroxacin: safety, tolerance and effect on the faecal flora of healthy volunteers.

The safety, tolerance, and influence on the faecal flora of volunteers of fleroxacin was studied following a daily dose of 800 mg for seven days. A major reduction was seen in the numbers of Escherichia coli, but there was no change in anaerobic bacteria or the faecal streptococci. Ophthalmological examinations and laboratory evaluations revealed no untoward effect.

Serotyping, sites of isolation and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

407 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa form in-patients and out-patients were serotyped according to Habs' schema. 11.3% of the isolates were non-typable and among the other strains serotypes 6 and 10 were the most prevalent (20.