Breastfeeding and infant growth in relation to childhood overweight - A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Rapid infant growth is positively, and breastfeeding inversely, associated with childhood overweight. However, the interplay has only been sparsely investigated.

Objective: We aimed to investigate how exclusive breastfeeding duration modify the effect of infant growth on childhood overweight.

Peripheral nerve injury induces dystonia-like movements and dysregulation in the energy metabolism: A multi-omics descriptive study in Thap1 mice.

DYT-THAP1 dystonia is a monogenetic form of dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary co-contraction of agonistic and antagonistic muscles. The disease is caused by mutations in the THAP1 gene, although the precise mechanisms by which these mutations contribute to the pathophysiology of dystonia remain unclear. The incomplete penetrance of DYT-THAP1 dystonia, estimated at 40 to 60 %, suggests that an environmental trigger may be required for the manifestation of the disease in genetically predisposed individuals.

Effectiveness of a family-based health promotion intervention for women with prior GDM: The Face-it RCT.

Context: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of future type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but effective and feasible interventions to reduce this risk are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a family-based health promotion intervention on T2DM risk factors and quality of life among women with recent GDM.

Design: Multicenter, parallel, open-label randomized controlled trial with 2:1 allocation ratio.

Deep brain stimulation halts Parkinson's disease-related immune dysregulation in the brain and peripheral blood.

Immune dysregulation in the brain and periphery is thought to contribute to the detrimental neurodegeneration that occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD). Identifying mechanisms to reverse this dysregulation is key to developing disease-altering therapeutics for this currently incurable disease. Here we utilized the longitudinal data from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative to demonstrate that circulating lymphocytes progressively decline in PD and can be used to predict future motor symptom progression.

Effect of gestational diabetes on fetal growth rate and later overweight in the offspring.

Context: Children of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are often born with a higher birthweight and have an increased risk of overweight during childhood. High fetal growth rate is also associated with being overweight in childhood.

Objective: To examine excessive fetal growth rate as a mediator between GDM and overweight in the offspring.

Hemoglobin A1c Trajectories During Pregnancy and Adverse Outcomes in Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish National Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: To identify and characterize groups of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes with distinct hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories across gestation and to examine the association with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: This was a retrospective Danish national cohort study including all singleton pregnancies in women with type 2 diabetes, giving birth to a liveborn infant, between 2004 and 2019. HbA1c trajectories were identified using latent class linear mixed-model analysis.

Danish Diabetes Birth Registry 2: a study protocol of a national prospective cohort study to monitor outcomes of pregnancies of women with pre-existing diabetes.

Introduction: Despite technological developments and intensified care, pregnancies in women with pre-existing diabetes are still considered high-risk pregnancies. The rate of adverse outcomes in pregnancies affected by diabetes in Denmark is currently unknown, and there is a limited understanding of mechanisms contributing to this elevated risk. To address these gaps, the Danish Diabetes Birth Registry 2 (DDBR2) was established.

Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Within the First Year Postpartum.

Context: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of long-term complications, including impaired glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In current clinical practice, a 1 size fits all approach to GDM is applied, although heterogeneity among women with GDM has been recognized.

Objective: To give the most adequate preventive care and postpartum (PP) guidance, we aimed to make a metabolic characterization and identify subgroups of women with previous GDM within the first year PP.

Endocrine, cardiac and neuropsychological aspects of adult congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Objective: To investigate the metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuropsychological phenotype, quality of life (QoL), and hormonal regulation in individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex and, if untreated compensatory hyperandrogenism. CAH is associated with an increased cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity, possibly due to overtreatment with glucocorticoids, leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.

Design, Participants, Measurements: Thirty-seven individuals with CAH and 33 age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated at a single centre at Aarhus University Hospital with echocardiography, electrocardiogram, 24-h blood pressure, biochemistry, anthropometrics, and autism spectrum, anxiety, depression, personality, cognitive failures, and QoL were assessed using questionnaires.

Disturbed brain energy metabolism in a rodent model of DYT-TOR1A dystonia.

DYT-TOR1A (DYT1) dystonia, characterized by reduced penetrance and suspected environmental triggers, is explored using a "second hit" DYT-TOR1A rat model. We aim to investigate the biological mechanisms driving the conversion into a dystonic phenotype, focusing on the striatum's role in dystonia pathophysiology. Sciatic nerve crush injury was induced in ∆ETorA rats, lacking spontaneous motor abnormalities, and wild-type (wt) rats.

Health promotion intervention among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus: penetration, participation, and baseline findings from the Face-it randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Face-it is a randomized controlled trial for women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their families designed to evaluate the effect of a health promotion intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and quality of life. This study examined (1) the penetration and participation rates for the Face-it trial, (2) the characteristics of the participating women and the potential differences in characteristics according to partner participation status, and (3) representativity of the women at baseline.

Research Design And Methods: We identified women with GDM during pregnancy and invited them and their partners to a baseline examination 10-14 weeks after delivery.

HEADSET: Human Emotion Awareness under Partial Occlusions Multimodal DataSET.

The volumetric representation of human interactions is one of the fundamental domains in the development of immersive media productions and telecommunication applications. Particularly in the context of the rapid advancement of Extended Reality (XR) applications, this volumetric data has proven to be an essential technology for future XR elaboration. In this work, we present a new multimodal database to help advance the development of immersive technologies.

The role of agricultural drainage, storm-events, and natural filtration on the biogeochemical cycling capacity of aquatic and sediment environments in Lake Erie's drainage basin.

Lake Erie is the most at risk of the Great Lakes for degraded water quality due to non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities in the lake's watershed. The extent and temporal patterns of nutrient loading from these agricultural activities is influenced by the timing of agronomic events, precipitation events, and water flow through areas of natural filtration within the watershed. Downstream impacts of these nutrient loading events may be moderated by the co-loading of functionally relevant biogeochemical cycling microbial communities from agricultural soils.

Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test-Part B: Implementation of thyroid-related endpoints.

Given the vital role of thyroid hormones (THs) in vertebrate development, it is essential to identify chemicals that interfere with the TH system. Whereas, among nonmammalian laboratory animals, fish are the most frequently utilized test species in endocrine disruptor research, for example, in guidelines for the detection of effects on the sex hormone system, there is no test guideline (TG) using fish as models for thyroid-related effects; rather, amphibians are used. Therefore, the objective of the present project was to integrate thyroid-related endpoints for fish into a test protocol combining OECD TGs 229 (Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay) and 234 (Fish Sexual Development Test).

Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT)-Part A: Merging of existing fish test guidelines.

There has been increasing interest in endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among scientists and public authorities over the last 30 years, notably because of their wide use and the increasing evidence of detrimental effects on humans and the environment. However, test systems for the detection of potential EDCs as well as testing strategies still require optimization. Thus, the aim of the present project was the development of an integrated test protocol that merges the existing OECD test guidelines (TGs) 229 (fish short-term reproduction assay) and 234 (fish sexual development test) and implements thyroid-related endpoints for fish.

[Comparison of Self-Reported Childhood Maltreatment Between East and West Germany].

Objective: The socioecological model emphasize the relevance of political, cultural and economic socialization effects for the prevalence of childhood maltreatment, which are analyzed by comparing child maltreatment between East and West German subjects who came of age before the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Methods: Using an online survey, a representative general population sample with respect to age, gender distribution and income was assessed regarding child maltreatment and current psychological distress using standardized self-report instruments.

Results: Of 507 study participants, 22,5% reported being born and socialized in East Germany.

Peripheral nerve injury elicits microstructural and neurochemical changes in the striatum and substantia nigra of a DYT-TOR1A mouse model with dystonia-like movements.

The relationship between genotype and phenotype in DYT-TOR1A dystonia as well as the associated motor circuit alterations are still insufficiently understood. DYT-TOR1A dystonia has a remarkably reduced penetrance of 20-30%, which has led to the second-hit hypothesis emphasizing an important role of extragenetic factors in the symptomatogenesis of TOR1A mutation carriers. To analyze whether recovery from a peripheral nerve injury can trigger a dystonic phenotype in asymptomatic hΔGAG3 mice, which overexpress human mutated torsinA, a sciatic nerve crush was applied.

Early career researchers benefit from inclusive, diverse and international collaborations: Changing how academic institutions utilize the seminar series.

Efforts to make research environments more inclusive and diverse are beneficial for the next generation of Great Lakes researchers. The global COVID-19 pandemic introduced circumstances that forced graduate programs and academic institutions to re-evaluate and promptly pivot research traditions, such as weekly seminar series, which are critical training grounds and networking opportunities for early career researchers (ECRs). While several studies have established that academics with funded grants and robust networks were better able to weather the abrupt changes in research and closures of institutions, ECRs did not.

Expansion of regulatory T cells by CD28 superagonistic antibodies attenuates neurodegeneration in A53T-α-synuclein Parkinson's disease mice.

Background: Regulatory CD4CD25FoxP3 T cells (Treg) are a subgroup of T lymphocytes involved in maintaining immune balance. Disturbance of Treg number and impaired suppressive function of Treg correlate with Parkinson's disease severity. Superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (CD28SA) activate Treg and cause their expansion to create an anti-inflammatory environment.

Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Women's Health in the 21st Century.

Hyperglycemia is the commonest medical condition affecting pregnancy and its incidence is increasing globally in parallel with the twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity. Both pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes are associated with short term pregnancy complications, with the risk of immediate complications generally broadly rising with more severe hyperglycemia. In this article we firstly consider these risks and their optimal management during pregnancy and then broaden our scope to consider the long-term implications of hyperglycemia in pregnancy as it relates to overall maternal and offspring health in a life course perspective.

Validation of Danish registry-cases of type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth using a clinical cohort as gold standard.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to validate type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth in the Danish national registries against a clinical cohort of confirmed cases (the Danish Diabetes Birth Registry [DDBR] cohort).

Methods: National registries including diagnosis codes, redeemed prescriptions and background data were combined. Three main algorithms were constructed to define type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth: (1) Any diabetes diagnosis registered before delivery and before age of 30, (2) a specific type 1 diabetes diagnosis registered before delivery regardless of maternal age and (3) a 'preexisting type 1 diabetes in pregnancy' diagnosis registered before delivery.

Epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in offspring born to women with type 1 diabetes (the EPICOM study).

Background: Offspring born to women with pregestational type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are exposed to an intrauterine hyperglycemic milieu and has an increased risk of metabolic disease later in life. In this present study, we hypothesize that in utero exposure to T1DM alters offspring DNA methylation and gene expression, thereby altering their risk of future disease.

Methods: Follow-up study using data from the Epigenetic, Genetic and Environmental Effects on Growth, Metabolism and Cognitive Functions in Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes (EPICOM) collected between 2012 and 2013.

Age-dependent neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in a genetic A30P/A53T double-mutated α-synuclein mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely interwoven with the process of aging. Moreover, increasing evidence from human postmortem studies and from animal models for PD point towards inflammation as an additional factor in disease development. We here assessed the impact of aging and inflammation on dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the hmα-SYN-39 mouse model of PD that carries the human, A30P/A53T double-mutated α-synuclein gene.