Instruments for measuring the neuromuscular function domain of vitality capacity in older persons: an umbrella review.

Purpose: Recently, handgrip, knee extensor and respiratory muscle strength were proposed as candidate biomarkers to assess the neuromuscular function of vitality capacity in older persons. This umbrella review aims to provide an overview of the available instruments and their measurement properties to assess these biomarkers.

Methods: The databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were systematically screened for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting on handgrip, knee extensor or respiratory muscle strength assessments, resulting in 7,555 articles.

Evaluating the safety and efficiency impacts of forced lane change with negative gaps based on empirical vehicle trajectories.

A lane-changing (LC) maneuver may cause the follower in the target lane (new follower) to decelerate and give up space, potentially affecting crash risk and traffic flow efficiency. In congested flow, a more aggressive LC maneuver occurs where the lane changer is partially next to the new follower and creates negative gaps, namely negative gap forced LC (NGFLC). Although NGFLC forms the foundation of sideswipe crashes, little has been done to address its impacts and the contributing factors.

Respiratory Muscle Strength Is Related to Handgrip Performance in Community-Dwelling Persons Aged 80+ from the BUTTERFLY Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the association of respiratory muscle strength with sarcopenia and its indicators in the oldest old.

Methods: Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and sarcopenia-related factors (handgrip strength and appendicular lean mass) were evaluated in a cohort of n = 286 (45.5% female) non-frail, community-dwelling persons aged 83.

The relationship between self-perceived fatigue, muscle endurance, and circulating markers of inflammation in participants of the Copenhagen aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB).

Background: Fatigue, low muscle endurance, muscle weakness and low-grade inflammation are strongly related to frailty at higher age. When signs of self-perceived fatigue and low muscle endurance are interrelated with low-grade inflammation at midlife, they might be used as early markers for frailty. This study investigated whether the interrelationships among self-perceived fatigue, muscle endurance and inflammation can be observed at midlife.

Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity, Fatigue, and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to describe the level of physical activity and its relation to fatigue and frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic in community-dwelling older adults aged 80 years and over. Three hundred and ninety-one older adults (aged 86.5 ± 3.

Conservation of the moss RNA editing factor PPR78 despite the loss of its known cytidine-to-uridine editing sites is explained by a hidden extra target.

Cytidine (C)-to-uridine (U) RNA editing in plant organelles relies on specific RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. In the moss Physcomitrium patens, all such RNA editing factors feature a C-terminal DYW domain that acts as the cytidine deaminase for C-to-U conversion. PPR78 of Physcomitrium targets 2 mitochondrial editing sites, cox1eU755SL and rps14eU137SL.

Measurement properties of instruments to measure the fatigue domain of vitality capacity in community-dwelling older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

Background: Vitality capacity (VC) is a key domain of intrinsic capacity (IC) and is the underlying biophysiological aspect of IC. Energy and metabolism (E&M) is one of the domains of VC. Fatigue is one of the main characteristics of E&M.

Beyond a PPR-RNA recognition code: Many aspects matter for the multi-targeting properties of RNA editing factor PPR56.

The mitochondrial C-to-U RNA editing factor PPR56 of the moss Physcomitrium patens is an RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat protein equipped with a terminal DYW-type cytidine deaminase domain. Transferred into Escherichia coli, PPR56 works faithfully on its two native RNA editing targets, nad3eU230SL and nad4eU272SL, and also converts cytidines into uridines at over 100 off-targets in the bacterial transcriptome. Accordingly, PPR56 is attractive for detailed mechanistic studies in the heterologous bacterial setup, allowing for scoring differential RNA editing activities of many target and protein variants in reasonable time.

DYW cytidine deaminase domains have a long-range impact on RNA recognition by the PPR array of chimeric plant C-to-U RNA editing factors and strongly affect target selection.

The protein factors for the specific C-to-U RNA editing events in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts possess unique arrays of RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeats (PPRs) linked to carboxy-terminal cytidine deaminase DYW domains via the extension motifs E1 and E2. The E1 and E2 motifs have distant similarities to tetratricopeptide repeats known to mediate protein-protein interactions but their precise function is unclear. Here, we investigate the tolerance of PPR56 and PPR65, two functionally characterized RNA editing factors of the moss Physcomitrium patens, for the creation of chimeras by variably replacing their C-terminal protein regions.

Transitions in robust and prefrail octogenarians after 1 year: the influence of activities of daily living, social participation, and psychological resilience on the frailty state.

Background: Knowledge opportunities lie ahead as everyday activities, social participation, and psychological resilience might be important predictors for frailty state transitioning in the oldest old. Therefore, this article aims to examine whether changes in basic-, instrumental-, advanced- activities of daily living (b-, i-, a-ADLs), social participation, and psychological resilience predict both a transition from robustness to prefrailty or frailty and vice versa among community-dwelling octogenarians over a follow-up period of one year.

Methods: To evaluate worsened and improved frailty transitions after one year in 322 octogenarians (M = 83.

Frail older adults are more likely to have autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Autonomic dysfunction and frailty are two common and complex geriatric syndromes. Their prevalence increases with age and they have similar negative health outcomes. In PubMed and Web of Science we screened studies identifying a relationship between autonomic function (AF) and frailty in adults aged ≥ 65 years.

Rickettsial DNA and a trans-splicing rRNA group I intron in the unorthodox mitogenome of the fern Haplopteris ensiformis.

Plant mitochondrial genomes can be complex owing to highly recombinant structures, lack of gene syntenies, heavy RNA editing and invasion of chloroplast, nuclear or even foreign DNA by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Leptosporangiate ferns remained the last major plant clade without an assembled mitogenome, likely owing to a demanding combination of the above. We here present both organelle genomes now for Haplopteris ensiformis.

Categorizing 161 plant (streptophyte) mitochondrial group II introns into 29 families of related paralogues finds only limited links between intron mobility and intron-borne maturases.

Group II introns are common in the two endosymbiotic organelle genomes of the plant lineage. Chloroplasts harbor 22 positionally conserved group II introns whereas their occurrence in land plant (embryophyte) mitogenomes is highly variable and specific for the seven major clades: liverworts, mosses, hornworts, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants. Each plant group features "signature selections" of ca.

C-to-U and U-to-C: RNA editing in plant organelles and beyond.

The genomes in the two energy-converting organelles of plant cells, chloroplasts and mitochondria, contain numerous 'errors' that are corrected at the level of RNA transcript copies. The genes encoded in the two endosymbiotic organelles would not function properly if their transcripts were not altered by site-specific cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U) exchanges and by additional reverse U-to-C exchanges in hornworts, lycophytes, and ferns. These peculiar processes of plant RNA editing, re-establishing genetic information that could alternatively be present at the organelle genome level, has spurred much research over >30 years.

The impact of covid-19 lockdown on the Quality of life, meaningful activities, and frailty in community-dwelling octogenarians: A study in Belgium.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on quality of life (QoL), meaningful daily activities, and (pre)frailty in community-dwelling octogenarians.

Methods: Cross-sectional design with bivariate and multiple linear regression modeling using a stepwise approach examining the level of QoL during the COVID-19 lockdown in a group of 215 community-dwelling octogenarians (M = 86.49 ± 3.

WHO working definition of vitality capacity for healthy longevity monitoring.

Intrinsic capacity, a crucial concept in healthy ageing, is defined by WHO as "the composite of all the physical and mental capacities that an individual can draw on at any point in time". Vitality capacity is considered the underlying physiological determinant of intrinsic capacity. To advance the measurement and monitoring of vitality capacity, a working group of WHO staff members and twenty experts representing six WHO regions was convened to discuss and clarify the attributes of vitality capacity and to develop a clear working definition of the concept.

Muscle Endurance and Self-Perceived Fatigue Predict Decline in Gait Speed and Activities of Daily Living After 1-Year Follow-Up: Results From the BUTTERFLY Study.

Background: Fatigue might influence the losses in activities of daily living (ADL). When fatigue parameters are present before the experience of losses in ADL and gait speed, they can be used as early warning signals. This study aimed to explore the predictive value of muscle endurance and fatigue on changes in ADL and gait speed in community-dwelling older adults aged 80 and older.

Plant mitochondrial RNA editing factors can perform targeted C-to-U editing of nuclear transcripts in human cells.

RNA editing processes are strikingly different in animals and plants. Up to thousands of specific cytidines are converted into uridines in plant chloroplasts and mitochondria whereas up to millions of adenosines are converted into inosines in animal nucleo-cytosolic RNAs. It is unknown whether these two different RNA editing machineries are mutually incompatible.

Does psychological resilience mediate the relation between daily functioning and prefrailty status?

Objectives: Understanding of prefrailty's relationship with limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) moderated by psychological resilience is needed, as resilience might support ADLs' maintenance and thus protect against frailty. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of psychological resilience (using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; CD-RISC) on the relation between ADLs and frailty status of older individuals (i.e.

The interrelationship between grip work, self-perceived fatigue and pre-frailty in community-dwelling octogenarians.

Introduction: Low grip work and high feelings of self-perceived fatigue could be an early characteristic of decline in reserve capacity, which comes to full expression as physical frailty in a later stage. When grip work and self-perceived fatigue can be identified as characteristics differentiating between robustness and pre-frailty it might allow to identify pre-frailty earlier. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the combination of grip work and self-perceived fatigue is related to pre-frailty in well-functioning older adults aged 80 and over.

Prefrailty: The Relationship Between Daily Activities and Social Participation in Older Persons.

Objectives: To analyze prefrailty's relationship with limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and restrictions in social participation.

Method: Robust (Fried 0/4; = 214; = 82.3 years [ ±2.

Fatigue and the prediction of negative health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Introduction: Fatigue is a common complaint among older adults. Evidence grows that fatigue is linked to several negative health outcomes. A general overview of fatigue and its relationship with negative health outcomes still lacks in the existing literature.

Effect of Antihypertensive and Statin Medication Use on Muscle Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Performing Strength Training.

Objectives: Antihypertensive drugs (AHTD) and statins have been shown to have effects beyond their primarily designed purpose; here we investigate their possible effect on muscle performance and strength in older adults following a physical exercise programme.

Design: The Senior PRoject INtensive Training (SPRINT) study is a randomised, controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the immune system and muscle performance in older adults.

Participants: In this secondary analysis, we included 179 independent participants (aged 65 years and above).