The impact of stigma and discrimination-based narratives in the health of migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

Stigma and discrimination-based narratives have been associated with adverse health outcomes. Migrants and refugees face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare, influenced by stigma and discrimination-based narratives against them. We conducted a scoping review of scientific and grey literature (n = 61) to discuss available evidence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) concerning communication and narrative speeches related to international migration and its implications for population health, particularly when associated with stigma and discrimination against migrants and refugees.

Climate change, migration, and health: perspectives from Latin America and the Caribbean.

This article delves into the complex relationship between climate change, migration patterns, and health outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the severe impact of climate change on health in LAC is widely acknowledged, the article sheds light on the often-overlooked multiple effects on migration and the well-being of migrants. These impacts encompass poverty, food and water insecurity, and adverse physical and mental health outcomes.

Age dependent deficits in speech recognition in quiet and noise are reflected in MGB activity and cochlear onset coding.

The slowing and reduction of auditory responses in the brain are recognized side effects of increased pure tone thresholds, impaired speech recognition, and aging. However, it remains controversial whether central slowing is primarily linked to brain processes as atrophy, or is also associated with the slowing of temporal neural processing from the periphery. Here we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) responses that most likely reflect medial geniculate body (MGB) responses to passive listening of phonemes in 80 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 76 years, in whom the peripheral auditory responses had been analyzed in detail (Schirmer et al.

Migrant-sensitive healthcare in Europe: advancing health equity through accessibility, acceptability, quality, and trust.

The advancement of migrant-sensitive health care in Europe has been a topic of many initiatives and academics debates for over 20 years in Europe, yet with rather limited progress in terms of comprehensive and sustainable implementation. We argue that a human rights-based approach with clearly defined duties and responsibilities of governments, relevant public and private institutions as well as professionals is needed, in line with a sound understanding and thoughtful implementation and further development of concepts and standards for providing migrant sensitive care as an essential component of Universal Health Coverage. We suggest drawing particular attention to the interrelated features of accessibility, acceptability, quality, and trust to inform policies and practice.

Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus-A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Cochlear Nucleus.

The aim of this study was to identify key proteins of synaptic transmission in the cochlear nucleus (CN) that are involved in normal hearing, acoustic stimulation, and tinnitus. A gene list was compiled from the GeneCards database using the keywords "synaptic transmission" AND "tinnitus" AND "cochlear nucleus" (Tin). For comparison, two gene lists with the keywords "auditory perception" (AP) AND "acoustic stimulation" (AcouStim) were built.

Borders and liminality in the right to health of migrants in transit: The case of Colchane in Chile and Necoclí in Colombia.

The absence of the right to health of migrants in transit has evolved into a significant global health concern, particularly in the border regions thus, this study aims to improve knowledge in this area by exploring the effects of the spatio-temporal liminal characteristics at borders in the achievement of the right to health of migrants in transit moving across two of the most transited and dangerous borders in Latin America: Colchane (Chile-Bolivia) and the Darién Gap (Colombia-Panamá). Through a qualitative descriptive multi-case study, we implemented 50 semi-structured interviews ( = 30 in Chile and = 20 in the Darién/Necoclí) involving national, regional, and local stakeholders. The findings highlight that the fulfilment of the right to health of migrants in transit is hindered by liminal dynamics at the borders.

Dysfunction of specific auditory fibers impacts cortical oscillations, driving an autism phenotype despite near-normal hearing.

Autism spectrum disorder is discussed in the context of altered neural oscillations and imbalanced cortical excitation-inhibition of cortical origin. We studied here whether developmental changes in peripheral auditory processing, while preserving basic hearing function, lead to altered cortical oscillations. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from auditory, visual, and prefrontal cortices and the hippocampus of Bdnf KO mice.

Differential cortical activation patterns: pioneering sub-classification of tinnitus with and without hyperacusis by combining audiometry, gamma oscillations, and hemodynamics.

The ongoing controversies about the neural basis of tinnitus, whether linked with central neural gain or not, may hamper efforts to develop therapies. We asked to what extent measurable audiometric characteristics of tinnitus without (T) or with co-occurrence of hyperacusis (TH) are distinguishable on the level of cortical responses. To accomplish this, electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were measured while patients performed an attentionally demanding auditory discrimination task using stimuli within the individual tinnitus frequency (fTin) and a reference frequency (fRef).

BK channels sustain neuronal Ca oscillations to support hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory formation.

Mutations of large conductance Ca- and voltage-activated K channels (BK) are associated with cognitive impairment. Here we report that CA1 pyramidal neuron-specific conditional BK knock-out (cKO) mice display normal locomotor and anxiety behavior. They do, however, exhibit impaired memory acquisition and retrieval in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) when compared to littermate controls (CTRL).

[The Migration and Health Teaching Network: consolidating and developing education and training].

Patients with migration history often encounter barriers to accessing healthcare in Germany, which lowers the quality of care available to them and can affect their overall health. These barriers in access to healthcare are due to both adverse health policies and a lack of migration-related - and diversity-sensitive - content in medical and other health profession teaching. Although most healthcare professionals regularly care for patients with individual or generational migration experience in Germany, teaching content relevant to the healthcare of these patients has not yet been anchored in the curriculum.

Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus: A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in Spiral Ganglion Neurons.

To study key proteins associated with changes in synaptic transmission in the spiral ganglion in tinnitus, we build three gene lists from the GeneCard database: 1. Perception of sound (PoS), 2. Acoustic stimulation (AcouStim), and 3.

"Border closure only increased precariousness": a qualitative analysis of the effects of restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on Venezuelan's health and human rights in South America.

Background: In 2010, a political and social crisis pushed thousands of Venezuelans out of their country; today, seven million Venezuelans live abroad. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, border closure increased and affected specific vulnerable migration flows, such as Venezuelans trying to migrate to Chile through the Northern borders. In this context, there is little evidence of migrants' health status and needs, their access to health services, and other basic needs (e.

Elective course "Climate-sensitive health counselling" - prevention as an opportunity for people and planet? An interactive, student-led project focusing on prevention and agency in physician's climate communication.

Objective: According to the WHO, anthropogenic climate change poses the greatest threat to human health in the 21 century. However, the link between climate change and human health is not an integral part of medical education in Germany. Within a student-led project, an elective clinical course was designed and successfully implemented, which has been made accessible to undergraduate medical students at the Universities of Giessen and Marburg.

Addressing the Mental Health Challenges of Refugees-A Regional Network-Based Approach in Middle Hesse Germany.

Refugees constitute a vulnerable group with an increased risk of developing trauma-related disorders. From a clinician's integrative perspective, navigating the detrimental impact of the social, economic, structural, and political factors on the mental health of refugees is a daily experience. Therefore, a collective effort must be made to reduce health inequities.

Loss of central mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptors impacts auditory nerve processing in the cochlea.

The key auditory signature that may associate peripheral hearing with central auditory cognitive defects remains elusive. Suggesting the involvement of stress receptors, we here deleted the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors ( and ) using a CaMKIIα-based tamoxifen-inducible Cre/ approach to generate mice with single or double deletion of central but not cochlear MR and GR. Hearing thresholds of MRGR conditional knockouts () were unchanged, whereas auditory nerve fiber () responses were larger and faster and auditory steady state responses were improved.

Disturbed Balance of Inhibitory Signaling Links Hearing Loss and Cognition.

Neuronal hyperexcitability in the central auditory pathway linked to reduced inhibitory activity is associated with numerous forms of hearing loss, including noise damage, age-dependent hearing loss, and deafness, as well as tinnitus or auditory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In most cases, the reduced central inhibitory activity and the accompanying hyperexcitability are interpreted as an active compensatory response to the absence of synaptic activity, linked to increased central neural gain control (increased output activity relative to reduced input). We here suggest that hyperexcitability also could be related to an immaturity or impairment of tonic inhibitory strength that typically develops in an activity-dependent process in the ascending auditory pathway with auditory experience.

Too Blind to See the Elephant? Why Neuroscientists Ought to Be Interested in Tinnitus.

A curative therapy for tinnitus currently does not exist. One may actually exist but cannot currently be causally linked to tinnitus due to the lack of consistency of concepts about the neural correlate of tinnitus. Depending on predictions, these concepts would require either a suppression or enhancement of brain activity or an increase in inhibition or disinhibition.

Auditory Threshold Variability in the SAMP8 Mouse Model of Age-Related Hearing Loss: Functional Loss and Phenotypic Change Precede Outer Hair Cell Loss.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory deficit in aging society, which is accompanied by increased speech discrimination difficulties in noisy environments, social isolation, and cognitive decline. The audiometric degree of ARHL is largely correlated with sensory hair cell loss in addition to age-related factors not captured by histopathological analysis of the human cochlea. Previous studies have identified the senescence-accelerated mouse prone strain 8 (SAMP8) as a model for studying ARHL and age-related modifications of the cochlear redox environment.

Deletion of BDNF in Pax2 Lineage-Derived Interneuron Precursors in the Hindbrain Hampers the Proportion of Excitation/Inhibition, Learning, and Behavior.

Numerous studies indicate that deficits in the proper integration or migration of specific GABAergic precursor cells from the subpallium to the cortex can lead to severe cognitive dysfunctions and neurodevelopmental pathogenesis linked to intellectual disabilities. A different set of GABAergic precursors cells that express Pax2 migrate to hindbrain regions, targeting, for example auditory or somatosensory brainstem regions. We demonstrate that the absence of BDNF in Pax2-lineage descendants of KOs causes severe cognitive disabilities.