The contribution of animal antibiotic use to antibiotic resistance in human infections: Panel evidence from Denmark.

Antibiotic use (ABU) in animals is postulated to be a major contributor to selection of antibiotic resistance (ABR) which subsequently causes infections in human populations. However, there are few quantifications of the size of this association. Denmark, as a country with high levels of pig production and strong ABR surveillance data, is an ideal case study for exploring this association.

Portal Vein Recanalization Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Noncirrhotic Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis Leading to Successful Pregnancy: Case Report.

Portal vein recanalization transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PVR-TIPS) is a safe and effective procedure for decompression of portal hypertension (PH). In this short case series, 2 women with chronic noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis were treated with PVR-TIPS. Both patients hoped to conceive.

Adverse Events after Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage: A Ten-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: To determine the adverse events (AEs) rate associated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and identify risk factors for their occurrence.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 2310 PTBD (right-side: 1164; left-sided: 966; bilateral: 180) interventions for biliary obstruction (benign/malignant) in 449 patients between 2010-2020. Patients with percutaneous cholecystostomy alone were excluded.

MIC distribution analysis identifies differences in AMR between population sub-groups.

Background: Phenotypic data, such as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of bacterial isolates from clinical samples, are widely available through routine surveillance. MIC distributions inform antibiotic dosing in clinical care by determining cutoffs to define isolates as susceptible or resistant. However, differences in MIC distributions between patient sub-populations could indicate strain variation and hence differences in transmission, infection, or selection.

Within-Host Mathematical Models of Antibiotic Resistance.

Mathematical models have been used to study the spread of infectious diseases from person to person. More recently studies are developing within-host modeling which provides an understanding of how pathogens-bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses-develop, spread, and evolve inside a single individual and their interaction with the host's immune system.Such models have the potential to provide a more detailed and complete description of the pathogenesis of diseases within-host and identify other influencing factors that may not be detected otherwise.

Liposomes as Carriers of Bioactive Compounds in Human Nutrition.

This article provides an overview of the literature data on the role of liposomal structures and encapsulated substances in food technology and human nutrition. The paper briefly describes how liposomes are created and how they encapsulate food ingredients, which can either be individual compounds or plant extracts. Another very interesting application of liposomes is their use as antimicrobial carriers to protect food products from spoilage during storage.

Risk factors associated with oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence within a young adult population.

Background: The prevalence of, and risk factors for, genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections within the young adult population are well-established; the same is not known for oral HPV. This observational study aimed to determine oral HPV prevalence and abundance within a UK young adult population, and examine if sexual practices and established risk factors of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) (such as smoking and alcohol consumption) influenced HPV prevalence.

Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit a small sample of 452 UK-based young adults studying at a higher education (HE) institution to the study; the study was not powered.

Acceptability of the Venting Wisely pathway for use in critically ill adults with hypoxaemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a qualitative study protocol.

Introduction: Hypoxaemic respiratory failure (HRF) affects nearly 15% of critically ill adults admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). An evidence-based, stakeholder-informed multidisciplinary care pathway () was created to standardise the diagnosis and management of patients with HRF and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Successful adherence to the pathway requires a coordinated team-based approach by the clinician team.

RosetteArray Platform for Quantitative High-Throughput Screening of Human Neurodevelopmental Risk.

Neural organoids have revolutionized how human neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are studied. Yet, their utility for screening complex NDD etiologies and in drug discovery is limited by a lack of scalable and quantifiable derivation formats. Here, we describe the RosetteArray platform's ability to be used as an off-the-shelf, 96-well plate assay that standardizes incipient forebrain and spinal cord organoid morphogenesis as micropatterned, 3-D, singularly polarized neural rosette tissues (>9000 per plate).

Surveillance evaluations in patients with stage I, II, III, or resectable IV melanoma who were treated with curative intent: A systematic review.

Purpose: Appropriate surveillance of patients with melanoma treated with curative intent is vital to improve patient outcomes. A systematic review was conducted to capture locoregional recurrence and metastatic disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various surveillance strategies.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Database were searched.

Mathematical models of drug-resistant tuberculosis lack bacterial heterogeneity: A systematic review.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) threatens progress in the control of TB. Mathematical models are increasingly being used to guide public health decisions on managing both antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and TB. It is important to consider bacterial heterogeneity in models as it can have consequences for predictions of resistance prevalence, which may affect decision-making.

Self-organization of embryonic stem cells into a reproducible embryo model through epigenome editing.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-organize into developmental patterns with spatial organization and molecular similarity to that of early embryonic stages. This self-organization of ESCs requires transmission of signaling cues, via addition of small molecule chemicals or recombinant proteins, to induce distinct embryonic cellular fates and subsequent assembly into structures that can mimic aspects of early embryonic development. During natural embryonic development, different embryonic cell types co-develop together, where each cell type expresses specific fate-inducing transcription factors through activation of non-coding regulatory elements and interactions with neighboring cells.

Antimicrobial resistance prevalence in bloodstream infection in 29 European countries by age and sex: An observational study.

Background: Antibiotic usage, contact with high transmission healthcare settings as well as changes in immune system function all vary by a patient's age and sex. Yet, most analyses of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ignore demographic indicators and provide only country-level resistance prevalence values. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by quantifying how resistance prevalence and incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI) varied by age and sex across bacteria and antibiotics in Europe.

Reproducibility and stability of the immature platelet fraction using Sysmex XN-10.

Background: The Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF) is an indicator of thrombopoiesis which is a useful parameter in thrombocytopenia. It demonstrates compensatory mechanisms in production of platelets, but currently not implemented in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to establish the reproducibility and stability of IPF, for both percentage (%-IPF) and absolute (A-IPF) measurements.

An Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) Clinical Practice Guideline: Surveillance Strategies in Patients with Stage I, II, III or Resectable IV Melanoma Who Were Treated with Curative Intent.

Aims: To make recommendations on managing the surveillance of patients with stage I, II, III or resectable IV melanoma who are clinically free of disease following treatment with curative intent.

Materials And Methods: This guideline was developed by Ontario Health's (Cancer Care Ontario's) Program in Evidence-Based Care and the Melanoma Disease Site Group (including seven medical oncologists, four surgical oncologists, three dermatologists, one radiation oncologist and one patient representative). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO databases and the main relevant guideline websites were searched.

Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the identification and treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome with protection, paralysis, and proning: A type-1 hybrid stepped-wedge cluster randomised effectiveness-implementation study.

Objective: To describe a study protocol and statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the identification and treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with protection, paralysis, and proning (TheraPPP) study prior to completion of recruitment, electronic data retrieval, and analysis of any data.

Design: TheraPPP is a stepped-wedge cluster randomised study evaluating a care pathway for HRF and ARDS patients. This is a type-1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design evaluating both intervention effectiveness and implementation; however primarily powered for the effectiveness outcome.

Designing a Behaviour Change Wheel guided implementation strategy for a hypoxaemic respiratory failure and ARDS care pathway that targets barriers.

Background: A significant gap exists between ideal evidence-based practice and real-world application of evidence-informed therapies for patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure (HRF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pathways can improve the quality of care provided by helping integrate and organise the use of evidence informed practices, but barriers exist that can influence their adoption and successful implementation. We sought to identify barriers to the implementation of a best practice care pathway for HRF and ARDS and design an implementation science-based strategy targeting these barriers that is tailored to the critical care setting.

Protocol for the Tallaght University Hospital Institute for Memory and Cognition-Biobank for Research in Ageing and Neurodegeneration.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease and other dementias affect >50 million individuals globally and are characterised by broad clinical and biological heterogeneity. Cohort and biobank studies have played a critical role in advancing the understanding of disease pathophysiology and in identifying novel diagnostic and treatment approaches. However, further discovery and validation cohorts are required to clarify the real-world utility of new biomarkers, facilitate research into the development of novel therapies and advance our understanding of the clinical heterogeneity and pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

AHHME: A model for estimating the holistic cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial resistance interventions in food animal production.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a global priority for human health, and reducing antimicrobial use in food animals has been suggested as a key area for interventions aiming to reduce resistant infections in humans. In addition to the effect on human health, such interventions may have effects across food animal productivity, healthcare sector costs, and the broader macroeconomy, but these effects are rarely captured in the AMR health economic literature. Without being able to estimate these effects, it is difficult to understand the true cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship interventions in food animal production, or to correctly design and prioritise such interventions.

Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of a Bevacizumab Biosimilar (ABP 215) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients in Canada.

Background: ABP 215 is a biosimilar to the reference product, bevacizumab, and was one of the first biosimilars approved by Health Canada for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study aimed to address gaps in real-world evidence (RWE) including patient characteristics, treatment safety (primary objective), and effectiveness (secondary objective) for first-line ABP 215 therapy in Canadian patients with mCRC.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data were collected in 2 waves, at least 1 year (Wave 1) or 2 years (Wave 2) after commercial availability of ABP 215 at each participating site.