Plio-Pleistocene Environmental Changes Drove the Settlement of Aotearoa New Zealand by Australian Open-Habitat Bird Lineages.

In a changing environment, vacant niches can be filled either by adaptation of local taxa or range-expanding invading species. The relative tempo of these patterns is of key interest in the modern age of climate change. Aotearoa New Zealand has been a hotspot of biogeographic research for decades due to its long-term isolation and dramatic geological history.

Cost effectiveness of different treatment strategies with natalizumab for pregnant women with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The management of multiple sclerosis (MS) during pregnancy poses significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three natalizumab treatment strategies during pregnancy from the UK healthcare system's perspective.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to assess the health outcomes and costs associated with three treatment strategies: continuous natalizumab treatment throughout pregnancy, treatment until the first trimester followed by discontinuation, and discontinuation at conception with resumption post-pregnancy.

Identifying Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Artery Disease (LEAD) in Cardiology Patients: The Role of Ankle-Brachial Index Measurement.

Lower Extremity Artery Disease (LEAD) is a predictor of atherosclerotic plaques in other locations and significantly increases the risk of death from cardiovascular events. This study aimed to identify cardiology patient subpopulations that should undergo Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurement. A total of 800 patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology were included.

Combined endurance and resistance exercise training in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a randomized controlled trial.

Endurance exercise training (ET) is an effective treatment in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the efficacy of resistance training in this patient population has been only scarcely evaluated. In this multicenter, randomized trial, we evaluated the effects of combined endurance and resistance training over 12 months in patients with HFpEF. The primary endpoint was a modified Packer score, including all-cause mortality, hospitalizations classified as potentially related to heart failure or exercise and changes in peak oxygen consumption ( ), diastolic function (E/e'), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and global self-assessment (GSA).

Chlorophyllase from Reveals an Emerging Model for Controlling Chlorophyll Hydrolysis.

Chlorophyll (Chl) is one of Nature's most complex pigments to biosynthesize and derivatize. This pigment is vital for survival and also paradoxically toxic if overproduced or released from a protective protein scaffold. Therefore, along with the mass production of Chl, organisms also invest in mechanisms to control its degradation and recycling.

Supporting older people experiencing homelessness and memory problems in hostels: Learning from an ethnographic study.

Background And Objectives: Older people with memory problems living in temporary hostel accommodation have longer stays and higher care needs than those without memory problems. In this ethnographic study, we aimed to elucidate how staff currently support older hostel residents with memory problems, what contextual factors determine support given and, what facilitates positive and meaningful outcomes for staff and residents.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted interviews and participant observations with older people (≥50 years) experiencing memory problems and homelessness (interviews n=17, observations n=13), hostel staff and managers (interviews n=15, observations n=20) from seven residential facilities (six hostels and one care home), and health and social care practitioners (interviews n=17, observations n=7), from September 2021-December 2022 in London, England.

The Mini-Cog: A Community Screening Tool for Dementia in Indonesia.

Background: Early detection of dementia enables more effective planning and can enable access to treatment and support. The Mini-Cog is a widely used screening instrument in Indonesia; however, this instrument has never undergone a translation and cultural adaptation process. Currently, there is no data on how accurate the tool is against diagnostic criteria, particularly in low-education.

Tailoring superstructure units for improved oxygen redox activity in Li-rich layered oxide battery's positive electrodes.

The high-voltage oxygen redox activity of Li-rich layered oxides enables additional capacity beyond conventional transition metal (TM) redox contributions and drives the development of positive electrode active materials in secondary Li-based batteries. However, Li-rich layered oxides often face voltage decay during battery operation. In particular, although Li-rich positive electrode active materials with a high nickel content demonstrate improved voltage stability, they suffer from poor discharge capacity.

Horizontal inequity in the use of mental healthcare in Australia.

For people experiencing mental health problems, timely access to high-quality healthcare is imperative for improving outcomes. However, limited availability of services, high out-of-pocket costs, insufficient health literacy and stigmatizing attitudes may mean people do not receive the necessary treatment. We analyze Australian longitudinal data to document the extent and predictors of horizontal inequity in mental healthcare use among people with a newly developed mild or moderate mental disorder.

Association of Personal Wealth Indicators and Health Care Costs in Persons With Alzheimer's Disease.

Objectives: There is paucity of studies on the relationship between personal wealth and health care costs among persons with dementia, and earlier studies on other indicators of socioeconomic position have assessed costs after dementia diagnosis only. We investigated how different indicators of personal wealth (disposable income, supplementary income, assets subject to taxation, taxes and tax-like payments, and liabilities) are associated with health care costs in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) before and after AD diagnosis.

Design: Register-based nationwide cohort study of persons with AD.

The double disadvantage faced by adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds with mental health problems affects earnings up to mid-life.

Early childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and mental health problems are both important determinants of adult social and economic experiences, but little is known about how they interact in this respect. We aimed to assess whether poor mental health in adolescence exacerbates labour market inequalities originating from low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood. We use a birth cohort of individuals born in 1958 in England and follow their employment experiences and cumulative earnings up to age 55.

Multisystem ALK-Positive Histiocytosis With DCTN1::ALK Fusion in an Adult, Responsive to Alectinib: Case Report and Literature Review.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive histiocytosis has emerged as a clinically relevant diagnosis featuring a wide span of clinical presentations, which are unified by the presence of ALK-positive histiocytes on histopathology and molecular drivers involving the ALK kinase gene. This report presents an adult case of multisystem ALK-positive histiocytosis with xanthogranuloma-like features on histopathology that was responsive to ALK inhibition, and includes a review of ALK-positive histiocytoses with cutaneous involvement reported in the literature. A 56-year-old male developed a widespread eruption of red-brown papules on the face, trunk, and upper extremities.

Restaurants as Environments for Healthy Eating: Factors That Contribute to Restaurant-Based Healthy Eating Program Adoption.

This study identified restaurant manager/owner factors that may contribute to adoption of a restaurant-based healthy eating program, Eat Fit. Findings may be used to engage restaurants in efforts to increase access to and availability of healthy foods, promote healthy food choices, and work toward improving diet and lowering obesity and chronic disease risk in the community. .

Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor EDI048 is a gut-restricted parasiticidal agent to treat paediatric enteric cryptosporidiosis.

Diarrhoeal disease caused by Cryptosporidium is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young and malnourished children from low- and middle-income countries, with no vaccine or effective treatment. Here we describe the discovery of EDI048, a Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor, designed to be active at the infection site in the gastrointestinal tract and undergo rapid metabolism in the liver. By using mutational analysis and crystal structure, we show that EDI048 binds to highly conserved amino acid residues in the ATP-binding site.

Promoting Safer Opioid Practices and Professional Collaboration Through Interprofessional Simulation.

Simulation-enhanced interprofessional education is widely viewed as an effective teaching pedagogy to foster effective communication and teamwork for healthcare students. Pharmacists and registered nurses must learn to work collaboratively during their educational programs in order to be prepared for the complexities of modern healthcare. This study evaluated prelicensure pharmacy and prelicensure nursing students' perceptions of professional collaboration before and after caring for a standardized patient exhibiting opioid dependence secondary to inappropriate use of an opioid analgesic.

Identification of Potent, Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Main Protease Inhibitors for Pandemic Preparedness.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the ongoing risk of zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses to global health. To prepare for future pandemics, it is essential to develop effective antivirals targeting a broad range of coronaviruses. Targeting the essential and clinically validated coronavirus main protease (M), we constructed a structurally diverse M panel by clustering all known coronavirus sequences by M active site sequence similarity.

Purification and characterization of a Rieske oxygenase and its NADH-regenerating partner proteins.

The Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases (Rieske oxygenases) comprise a class of metalloenzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of complex natural products and the biodegradation of aromatic pollutants. Despite this desirable catalytic repertoire, industrial implementation of Rieske oxygenases has been hindered by the multicomponent nature of these enzymes and their requirement for expensive reducing equivalents in the form of a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cosubstrate (NAD(P)H). Fortunately, however, some Rieske oxygenases co-occur with accessory proteins, that through a downstream reaction, recycle the needed NAD(P)H for catalysis.

Towards Sustainable Direct Recycling: Unraveling Structural Degradation Induced by Thermal Pretreatment of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes.

As the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase, there is a growing focus on recycling these battery wastes. Among the existing recycling methods, direct recycling is considered a promising approach, because it allows waste to be returned directly to production. One crucial step in this process is the pretreatment, which involves separating the active materials from the current collector.

Exploring the return-on-investment for scaling screening and psychosocial treatment for women with common perinatal mental health problems in Malawi: Developing a cost-benefit-calculator tool.

This study sought to develop a user-friendly decision-making tool to explore country-specific estimates for costs and economic consequences of different options for scaling screening and psychosocial interventions for women with common perinatal mental health problems in Malawi. We developed a simple simulation model using a structure and parameter estimates that were established iteratively with experts, based on published trials, international databases and resources, statistical data, best practice guidance and intervention manuals. The model projects annual costs and returns to investment from 2022 to 2026.

Benefits of population-level interventions for dementia risk factors: an economic modelling study for England.

Background: Individual-level interventions for dementia risk factors could reduce costs associated with dementia and some are cost-effective. We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of population-level interventions for tackling dementia risk factors.

Methods: In this economic modelling study, we included recommended population-based interventions from a previously published review article for which there was consistent and robust evidence of effectiveness in tackling a dementia risk factor (tobacco smoking, excess alcohol use, hypertension, obesity, air pollution, and head injury).