Serum and salivary immunoglobulin G4 levels in children with autism spectrum disorder from south India: a case-control study.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with wide spectrum of symptoms and few effective therapies. Evidence is suggestive of an association between immune system dysfunction and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children with ASD. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are found to be increased in the circulation of individuals with autism.

Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Case Report with Unique Radiographic Appearance on CBCT.

Background: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a slow growing malignant tumor of minor salivary glands and is generally of indolent nature. However, according to the most recent WHO Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors (2017), the cancer is classified as Polymorphous AdenoCarcinoma (PAC). PAC presents as a less aggressive tumor, though it could on rare occasions demonstrate distant metastasis.

Pilomatrixoma: a common tumour of head and neck, but rarely reported.

Pilomatrixoma is a benign subcutaneous tumour arising from the sebaceous glands. Mutation in the CTNNB1 gene is seen, suggesting beta-catenin misregulation may be the cause of pilomatrixoma. The preoperative diagnosis may be improved by the awareness of the fact that pilomatrixoma is a common and benign skin tumour of the head and neck region.

Occurrence of epidermolysis bullosa along with Amelogenesis imperfecta in female patient of India.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder, which is characteristically presented as skin blisters developing in response to minor injury. Junctional variety of EB is also associated with enamel hypoplasia. Amelogenesis imperfecta presents with abnormal formation of the enamel both in deciduous and permanent dentition.

Compound odontoma in deciduous dentition.

Odontomas are benign tumors containing all the components of the odontogenic tissue. Disturbances in tooth eruption are one of the most common complications associated with odontomas. They are generally asymptomatic and are usually seen in second and third decades of life, rarely seen below 10 years of age.

Twin tooth on either side: a case report of bilateral gemination.

Gemination is an anomaly caused by a single tooth germ that attempted to divide during its development, resulting in a bifid crown. They are found more frequently in the primary than in the permanent dentition unilaterally, but bilateral gemination is very rare. It is caused by complex interactions among a variety of genetic and environmental factors.

Multiple peripheral osteomas of forehead: report of a rare case.

Osteoma is a benign slow growing osteogenic lesion, composed of well-differentiated mature bone tissue, characterized by the proliferation of compact or cancellous bone, almost exclusively found in the head and neck region. Central, peripheral and extra skeletal are the three variants of osteoma. Trauma, inflammation, developmental disorders and genetic defects are considered as the etiologic factors.

Hand, foot and mouth disease: changing Indian scenario.

Hand, foot and mouth disease usually affect infants and children. Although seen worldwide, it is not common in India. It is moderately contagious and is spread through direct contact with the mucus, saliva, or feces of an infected person.

Apert syndrome: a case report.

Apert syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, midfacial malformation and symmetrical syndactyly. We present a 10-month-old infant having all the features of classical Apert syndrome. How to cite this article: Khan S, Chatra L, Shenai P, Veena KM.

Pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis.

Data from recent epidemiological studies provide overwhelming evidence that areca nut is the main etiological factor for oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). It is logical to hypothesize that the increased collagen synthesis or reduced collagen degradation is the possible mechanism in the development of the disease. There are numerous biological pathways involved in the above processes and it is likely that the normal regulatory mechanisms are either down regulated or up regulated at different stages of the disease.

Bilateral inflammatory cysts of the jaw: report of an unusual case.

Radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst occurring in the jaws. The cyst is commonly found in relation to the maxillary anterior teeth in the third and fifth decade of life. Although multiple radicular cysts are not uncommon in the jaws, bilaterally symmetrical representation of these cysts is rare.

Oral healthcare considerations for the pregnant woman.

Unlabelled: Pregnancy is a period of both joy and anxiety in a woman's life and is characterized by various physiological changes in her body brought about by the circulating female sex hormones. The oral cavity is also the seat of changes and these physiologic changes of pregnancy need to be addressed while managing the pregnant woman in the dental clinic. The main goal is to minimize the occurrence of any complications that might harm the mother-to-be and/or the unborn child.

Prevalence of Talon cusp in Indian population.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of the talon cusps in a sample of Indian dental patients and their distribution among different types of teeth. To determine the presence of other dental anomalies associated with the talon cusps.

Method: 2740 out patients (1523 males and 1217 females) attending Oral Medicine department from November 2010 to January 2011 were screened for the presence of talon cusps and were subjected to Intra Oral Peri-apical (IOPA) radiograph to rule out any associated anomalies or peri-apical changes.

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in an Indian child: a case report.

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a rare congenital genetic disorder having autosomal recessive inheritance. It is a syndrome affecting the Amish population of Pennsylvania in USA with prevalence rate of 1/5,000 live at birth. In non-Amish population, the birth prevalence is 7/1,000,000.

Talon cusps in mandibular incisors: an unusual presentation in a child patient.

Talon cusp is a dental anomaly also known as an eagle's talon. It is an extra cusp on an anterior tooth which arises as a result of evagination on the surface of a crown before calcification has occurred. The exact etiology is unknown.

Odontogenic keratocyst looks can be deceptive, causing endodontic misdiagnosis.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.