[Deep vasculitis].

The author gives a definition of the term "vasculitis". Histopathological modifications are the result of a disturbance in the barrier function exerted by the vascular endothelium. The disturbances observed are characterized by piles of endothelial or intimal debris associated with a perivascular inflammatory reaction of the connective tissue and the appearance of a resorption granuloma.

[The physiology and physiopathology of the venous system in the obese].

The question of knowing to what extent varices occur more frequently in obese, rather than in non-obese, patients is answered variously in the epidemiological studies carried out. But if pathological venous conditions originate in, or are aggravated by, obesity, the question is raised: to what extent is the venous circulation modified by obesity? The authors discuss the factors at play in venous circulation in the obese patient. The effect of super alimentation on the venous system is demonstrated in the autopsy statistics on the occurrence of fatal pulmonary embolism, compared with the general nutrition index.

[Clinical picture and treatment of the Raynaud syndrome of the upper extremities].

Raynaud's disease occurs in different clinical forms, which are not specific to the vascular spasm which characterizes the disease. This spasm virtually always develops in the same manner. Clinical aspects depend on the underlying pathology, which will define treatment.

[Clinical picture of acrosyndromes].

Classification and clinical symptomatology of acrosyndromes. Acrosyndromes are compared to angiolopathies. They have been well studied on the skin, but they also affect other organs.

[Ulcers in congenital arteriovenous fistula of the lower extremities].

Ulcers of the lower legs caused by arteriovenous fistulae show, on one hand, that diagnoses are often made carelessly and, on the other, that the treatment initiated is often inadequate. In both cases reported, there were several small arteriovenous fistulae in the lower legs, although no symptoms were observed for a long time. The ulcers, which then recurred chronically, resulted from very minor injuries.

[Does the success of thrombolysis depend on the age of the patient?].

This study raises the question whether the age of the patient has any influence on the results of the treatment of the post-phlebitic syndrome of the lower extremities by thrombolysis. Our study demonstrates that elderly patients respond to thrombolysis as well as young patients.

[The incidence of leg ulcers as a function of age].

In this short paper, the author studies the occurrence of leg ulcers in relation to age and the cause of the ulcer. The data confirm practical ideas which are already well known.

[Effects of horse-chestnut seed extract on transcapillary filtration in chronic venous insufficiency].

The effect of horse-chestnut seed extract (standardized on aescin; Venostasin retard) was assessed in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover double-blind trial of 22 patients with proven chronic venous insufficiency by measuring the capillary filtration coefficient and the intravascular volume of the lower leg by venous-occlusion plethysmography. Three hours after taking two capsules of Venostasin (600 mg; each capsule containing 50 mg aescin) the capillary filtration coefficient had decreased by 22%, whereas after administration of an identical-looking placebo capsule it rose but slightly over three hours. The difference in the effect of Venostasin and placebo is statistically significant (P = 0.

[Pathologic anatomy of white atrophy].

Milian's respectively aetiological and pathogenic hypotheses, based on the infectious origin of this disease, such as tuberculosis or syphilis, have not been confirmed. In almost every case there has proved to be chronic venous deficiency. The histomorphological deterioration shows, as well as the characteristic signs of cutaneous atrophy, the vessel affection developing towards dilation, but also the parietal processes moving towards obliteration.

Buflomedil in arterial occlusive disease: results of a controlled multicenter study.

In a double-blind, randomised multicentre study buflomedil, a vasoactive substance, was compared with placebo in the treatment of 93 patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease. After a run-in period of four weeks the patients received either buflomedil (600 mg daily) or placebo over 12 weeks. The pain-free and the total walking distances improved significantly in both groups.

[Determination of venous capacity and flow by plethysmography with occlusion of the veins].

These examinations are based on the knowledge that mercury-in-rubber strain gauge method for venous occlusion plethysmography is suitable for measuring the venous capacity and venous return. This research reports on the value of this method in diagnostics. The results are as follows: the venous capacity decreases markedly in the group of patients with deep vein occlusions of the legs.

[Is the pigmentation a characteristic sign for chronic venous insufficiency?].

In epidemiological studies pigmentations were declared a decisive criterium of stadium II of chronic venous insufficiency. It is discussed in this work if it is possible as the pigmentation is sometimes absent in advanced stages of chronic venous insufficiency. On the other hand it has got to be considered that there are many other possibilities of pigment building on the legs without chronic venous insufficiency.

[Physico-mechanical treatment of chronic arterial obliterations in the extremities. Attempt to objectify its efficacy].

This study shows the objective value of a physico-mechanical high pressure/low pressure therapy using the Vasculator. Until recently, the supposition that such a treatment would improve the blood circulation was based purely on clinical observation. We have been able to define ergometric parameters confirming the improvement of the circulation effected by the Vasculator.

[Possibilities of drug therapy in the fight against deep venous thrombosis].

The aim of treatment of this illness should be recovery of the circulation, i.e. the suppression of thrombi in the deep venous network.

[Diagnostic problems posed by acute inflammatory exacerbations of lymphoedema. Isotopic methods of investigation (author's transl)].

With the help of isotope examination methods as isotope angiography, -phlebography, particle-scintigraphy and isotope lymphography it is possible to differ the oedemaproductive component, i.e. the increase of perfusion in the inflammation area and the lymphostatic oedema.

[Micromorphological and clinical aspects of angiodysplasias].

As is known, 1900 Klippel and Trenaunay summarized naevus teleangiectatisuc lateralis, vein ectasias and isolated gigantism to a triad. Seven years later Weber described the same syndrom adding the symptom of arterio-venous fistulas, that he clinically diagnosed. Some authors deduce from this symptomatology two syndroms ; on one hand the Klippel and Trenaunay syndrom and on the other the P.