ACSS2 gene variants determine kidney disease risk by controlling de novo lipogenesis in kidney tubules.

Worldwide, over 800 million people are affected by kidney disease, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive, hindering the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we used kidney-specific expression of quantitative traits and single-nucleus open chromatin analysis to show that genetic variants linked to kidney dysfunction on chromosome 20 target the acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family 2 (ACSS2). By generating ACSS2-KO mice, we demonstrated their protection from kidney fibrosis in multiple disease models.

Dynamic MRI and CAD vs. choline MRS: where is the detection level for a lesion characterisation in prostate cancer?

Purpose: To evaluate the role of pre-interventional fused high resolution T2-weighted images with parametrically analysed dynamic contrast enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images (DCE-MRI) and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for a precise biopsy for the detection of prostate cancer and for the delineation of intraprostatic subvolumes for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Inclusion Criteria: Pathological prostate-specific antigen values (PSA) and/or previously negative transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. Standardised biopsy of the prostate divided into 20 regions.

[The inhalation versus systemic prevention of pneumonitis during thoracic irradiation].

Background: Pneumonitis is a typical subacute reaction of healthy bronchial tissue to thoracic irradiation. The purpose of the present trial was to show whether prophylactic application of steroids in the course of and following radiotherapy would reduce the incidence of pneumonitis.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-seven patients receiving thoracic irradiation for bronchial carcinoma were assigned to 2 therapeutic groups; half of the patients were given 10 mg of oral prednisolone per day, while the other half received daily inhalative beclomethasone.

[The vaginal stump recurrence rate in endometrial carcinoma in relation to the target volume of postoperative HDR-afterloading brachytherapy].

Background: Basis for adjuvant strategies for patients with endometrial carcinoma is a postoperative staging including criteria such as myometrial tumor infiltration and histological grading. Such adjuvant strategies include afterloading therapy of the vagina as a long-established therapeutic concept. Our aim was to investigate the influence of the target volume on treatment results (i.

[Shielded vaginal applicators for line-shaped 192Ir sources for use in the irradiation of cervix cancer].

The possibility is investigated to use shielded vaginal applicators for "line-shaped" 192Ir-sources to irradiate cervical carcinoma. Using segment-shaped absorbers of heavy metal the dose can be reduced in ventro-dorsal direction in area of rectum and bladder with irradiation of cervical carcinoma up to a factor of 2 in dependence of rectum and bladder position. Selecting a suitable source position and source standing time a dose reduction can be realized in cranial direction up to two centimetres from the portio.

[Results of therapy of endometrial carcinoma and analysis of risk factors in comparison with a control group].

Overall 1,021 patients with endometrial carcinoma were treated between 1965 and 1982 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena. The 5-year-survival rate of all patients amounted to 63%. The 5-year-survival probability with primary surgery was 76.

[A comparison between the dose distribution from 192Ir point and line sources in the afterloading therapy of gynecologic neoplasms].

For different fields of application in irradiation of gynecological tumors a comparison of isodose distribution is done with "point-shaped" and "line-shaped" 192Ir-source. With the oblateness of dose efficiency distribution towards the axis of source with the "line-shaped" 192Ir-source an improvement of dose distribution occurs in intracavitary irradiation with the lower and more balanced exposure of fundus uteri, especially in irradiation of the endometrial carcinoma. On the other hand the irradiation of vaginal stump renders problematic.

[Dosimetric studies of 192Ir line sources and the mathematical presentation of the dose distribution].

The dose distribution of a "line-shaped" 192Ir-source was measured in 1,152 measuring points in a water phantom. Using regression analysis the analytical description of dose distribution was obtained. Accomplished comparison measurings with a solid phantom of miramide in 45 measuring points show that the dose distribution can be reproduced well by solid phantom measurings.

[Possibilities of isodose distribution in afterloading contact therapy of non-operated uterine cancer using an applicator tube and a point-shaped radiation source].

For the contact radiotherapy according to the afterloading-procedure of patients with cervical and endometrial carcinomas isodose plans are represented, that are standardized to the lengths of uterus probes and adapted to tumor stages and are determined by an applicator tube lying centrally within the uterine cavity. By an additional lead screening of the vaginal applicator a dose reduction can be attained by the factor 1.6 or 1.

[A prospective randomized study on the fractionation of afterloading therapy of cancer of the cervix and endometrium].

A prospective randomized clinical study is made on patients with uterine cervix and endometrium carcinomas treated only by radiotherapy. The fractionation schemes of 4 times 10 Gy, and 5 times 8 Gy, and 8 times 5 Gy at the reference points A and My, respectively, of a short-term afterloading therapy combined with percutaneous telecobalt therapy with 45 Gy at the pelvic wall are investigated. A tendency is shown towards better tumor control and less radiogenic effects with an increased number of fractions.

[Dose-time optimization in fractionated radiotherapy].

On the basis of an evaluation of different isoeffect correlations for normal tissue reactions supported by a clinical study, a number of correlations for the dose-time optimization of irradiations with equal fractionation intervals are derived from a simple approach for the survival rate of irradiated tumor cells based on a linear quadratic dose-effect function for an exponential cell proliferation. This allows to determine optimum single doses for every given fractionation interval which, applied with the number of fractions tolerated by normal tissue, lead to a maximum reduction of tumor cells. The values of these optimum fractionation parameters depend from cell proliferation and radiosensitivity of the tumoral tissue and vary with respect to a normal tissue tolerance for early and late reactions.

[Results of percutaneous radiotherapy of bladder cancer using 1 and 2 series of irradiation].

In a randomized prospective clinical study, the authors investigate the results of percutaneous radiotherapy (telecobalt) with two rhythms of fractionation in patients with vesical carcinomas. A one-series irradiation with 1.5 Gy daily (except the weekends) up to a total dose of 60 Gy is compared to a two-series irradiation (in the first series 3 Gy three days per week up to 30 Gy, then irradiation-free interval of four weeks, in the second series 1.

[Results of radiotherapeutic optimization within the scope of combined operative-radiologic therapy of urinary bladder cancer].

The results of a prospective randomized clinical study for the comparison of a uniserial irradiation with a biserial irradiation are demonstrated. The investigations were performed on altogether 191 patients. Patients after cystectomy and supravesical by-pass of the urine were excluded.

[Clinical aspects and results of therapy in endometrial cancer at the Department of Medicine of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena 1964-76. I: Evaluation of primarily surgically treated endometrium cancer].

In this paper therapeutic results are reported obtained from 444 patients with endometrial cancer which were operated on. In 260 patients the primary operation was completed by a different radiation therapy. The 5-years-survival rates are 75,9% Surgical and radiological therapeutic measures are demonstrated with regard to their development and to side effects.

[Clinical aspects and results of therapy of endometrial cancer at the Department of Medicine of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena 1964-76. II: Results of primary radiotherapy].

In this paper results of irradiation only at 235 patients are reported and discussed, different treatment methods are applicated. The 5-year-survival rate of all cases amounted 35.7 per cent, the rate of complications 6.

[Treatment results with malignant cervical cancer in the Department of Medicine of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena in 1965 to 1976. IV. An evaluation of primary radiological therapy via contact and percutaneous irradiation].

414 patients with cervical carcinoma were treated by radiation only because of local or general inoperability. The 5-years-survival of these patients was 50.7%.

[Results of treatment of cervical malignancies at the Medical Department of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena 1965-1976. III. Comparison of results of telecobalt postoperative radiotherapy with conventional roentgen irradiation].

Results and secondary effects of postoperative radiation therapy by telecobalt and conventional x-rays at 589 female patients with malignoma of the cervix are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are analysed critically. The 5-years-survival rates are 78,6% respectively 87,0%.

[Therapy and treatment results of cervical cancer in the Medical School of the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena from 1965 to 1976 (report on 1453 cases)].

In this paper, therapeutic results of 1,453 cervical cancer patients stage T1-T4 who have been treated at the Gynaecological Hospital and the Radiological Hospital of Jena University are reported. The overall Five-Year Survival Rate amounted to 68.4 per cent.

[Results of the treatment of cervical cancer at the Department of Medicine of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena 1965-1976. II. Combination of surgery and percutaneous radiation therapy].

Based on a material of 1502 patients with carcinoma of cervix uteri, treated between 1965 and 1976 in gynaecological-radiological teamwork in the Department of Medicine at the University of Jena, we report on 304 cases of primary operation and following radiation therapy with telecobalt. The 5-year-survival rate of all cases in this group is 78,6%, the rate of recurrences 14,1%.