Ultra-Low Frequency Transmitted Ultrasound Breast Imaging vs DBT (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis): A Patient-Reported Outcome Study.

Purpose: Breast cancer screening remains a challenge in the United States. Many women do not get a mammogram because of pain associated with the exam, radiation exposure, false-positive results, and additional costs. Others who may benefit from annual screening do not qualify because of young age and radiation risk.

Breast Glandular and Ductal Volume Changes during the Menstrual Cycle: A Study in 48 Breasts Using Ultralow-Frequency Transmitted Ultrasound Tomography/Volography.

The aim of this study was to show for the first time that low-frequency 3D-transmitted ultrasound tomography (3D UT, volography) can differentiate breast tissue types using tissue properties, accurately measure glandular and ductal volumes in vivo, and measure variation over time. Data were collected for 400 QT breast scans on 24 women (ages 18-71), including four (4) postmenopausal subjects, 6-10 times over 2+ months of observation. The date of onset of menopause was noted, and the cases were further subdivided into three (3) classes: pre-, post-, and peri-menopausal.

A Multireader Multicase (MRMC) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Study Evaluating Noninferiority of Quantitative Transmission (QT) Ultrasound to Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) on Detection and Recall of Breast Lesions.

Rationale And Objectives: Quantitative transmission (QT) imaging is an emerging volumetric ultrasound modality for women too young for mammography. QT images tissue without overlap seen in mammography, thereby can potentially improve breast mass detection and characterization and noncancer recall. We compared radiologists' interpretation of QT vs digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with a multireader multicase observer performance study.

Dual balloon adjustable continence therapy for urinary incontinence.

Dual balloon adjustable continence therapy (DBACT) has emerged as a promising option for treating stress urinary incontinence. DBACT is a minimally invasive and easily reversible procedure in which two periurethral balloons are placed just distal to the bladder neck to increase bladder outflow resistance. The device is connected to a small titanium port placed under the scrotal or labial skin.

Clinical Importance of 3D Volography in Breast Imaging.

The clinical applications of the volography algorithm and concomitant refraction-corrected reflection algorithm as described in Chap. 10 are discussed here. Comparisons with an H&E stained image, discussion of glandular tissue visibility, related biomarkers, segmentation accuracy and capabilities, microcalcification and cyst detection and analysis, and various VGA and clinical studies show the unique capabilities of the method.

Low frequency 3D transmission ultrasound tomography: technical details and clinical implications.

Unlabelled: A novel 3D ultrasound tomographic (3D UT) method (called volography) that creates a speed of sound (SOS) map and a reflection modality that is co-registered are reviewed and shown to be artifact free even in the presence of high contrast and thus shown to be applicable for breast, orthopedic and pediatric clinical use cases. The 3D UT images are almost isotropic with mm resolution and the reflection image is compounded over 360 degrees to create sub-mm resolution in plane.

Methods: The physics of ultrasound scattering requires 3D modeling and the concomitant high computational cost is ameliorated with a bespoke algorithm (paraxial approximation - discussed here) and Nvidia GPUs.

Robotic-Assisted Bariatric Surgery Is Associated with Increased Postoperative Complications Compared to Laparoscopic: a Nationwide Readmissions Database Study.

Purpose: Robotic-assisted (RA) bariatric surgery has been increasingly used without consistent benefit over a laparoscopic approach (LA). We compared intra- and post-operative complications and 30- and 90-day all-cause readmissions between RA and LA using the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD).

Materials And Methods: We identified hospitalizations with adult patients who underwent RA or LA bariatric surgery from 2010 to 2019.

Whole-Body Imaging Using Low Frequency Transmission Ultrasound.

Rationale And Objectives: To indicate that 3D low-frequency ultrasound tomography with 3D data acquisition (volography) is a safe, low-cost, high-resolution, whole-body meso-scale medical imaging modality that gives high-resolution quantitatively accurate clinically relevant images.

Materials And Methods: We compare the speed of sound accuracy in various organs in situ. We validate our 3D ultrasound tomography images using MRI and gross section anatomy as ground truth in 10-day old piglets.

Preliminary clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation of bemotrizinol - A new sunscreen active ingredient being considered for inclusion under FDA's over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreen monograph.

Protection against sunburn, skin damage and the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet light are the primary health benefits associated with UV filters used in topical sunscreen drug products. Countries such as Europe have 30+ UV filters approved for sunscreen products while the US has about 10, greatly reducing the options to provide diverse, effective sun protection products. Bemotrizinol (BEMT) is the first new sunscreen active ingredient to be evaluated for inclusion in the Over-The-Counter (OTC) sunscreen monograph using FDA's new Generally Recognized as Safe and Effective (GRASE) testing guidelines.

Robotic Hiatal Hernia Repair Associated with Higher Morbidity and Readmission Rates Compared to Laparoscopic Repair: 10-Year Analysis from the National Readmissions Database (NRD).

Background: Laparoscopic techniques have been used for hiatal hernia repair. Robotic-assisted repairs have been increasingly used with unproven benefits. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes between laparoscopic and robotic-assisted hiatal hernia repair.

Body Image and Sexual Function Improve after Both Myomectomy and Hysterectomy for Symptomatic Fibroids.

Objectives: To determine the factors that influence the choice of myomectomy, uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), or hysterectomy in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids and to assess women's perception of body image and sexual functioning before and after treatment.

Methods: In this prospective observational cohort pilot study, women scheduled to undergo hysterectomy, myomectomy, or UFE were surveyed before surgery and again at 3 to 6 months after their procedure to assess body image and sexual function using the validated 10-item Body Image Scale and 19-item Female Sexual Function Index. Logistic regression was used to determine predictive factors for surgery choice and paired tests were used to determine changes in perceived sexual function and body image.

Biofilm reduction potential of 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution in several types of urethral catheters.

Background: Long-term use of urethral catheters is associated with high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and blockage. Microbial biofilms are a common cause of catheter blockage, reducing their lifetime and significantly increasing morbidity of UTIs. A 0.

An Exploratory Multi-reader, Multi-case Study Comparing Transmission Ultrasound to Mammography on Recall Rates and Detection Rates for Breast Cancer Lesions.

Background: Three-dimensional Quantitative Transmission (QT) ultrasound imaging is an emerging modality for improving the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. QT ultrasound has high resolution and high contrast to noise ratio, making it effective in evaluating breast tissue. This study compares radiologists' performance of noncancer recall rates and lesion detection rates using QT Ultrasound versus full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in a cross section of female subjects.

Full wave 3D inverse scattering transmission ultrasound tomography in the presence of high contrast.

We present here a quantitative ultrasound tomographic method yielding a sub-mm resolution, quantitative 3D representation of tissue characteristics in the presence of high contrast media. This result is a generalization of previous work where high impedance contrast was not present and may provide a clinically and laboratory relevant, relatively inexpensive, high resolution imaging method for imaging in the presence of bone. This allows tumor, muscle, tendon, ligament or cartilage disease monitoring for therapy and general laboratory or clinical settings.

2019 Frank Stinchfield Award: A comparison of prosthetic joint infection rates between direct anterior and non-anterior approach total hip arthroplasty.

Aims: We studied the impact of direct anterior (DA) non-anterior (NA) surgical approaches on prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and examined the impact of new perioperative protocols on PJI rates following all surgical approaches at a single institution.

Patients And Methods: A total of 6086 consecutive patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a single institution between 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Data obtained from electronic patient medical records included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), medical comorbidities, surgical approach, and presence of deep PJI.

Breast Cyst Fluid Analysis Correlations with Speed of Sound Using Transmission Ultrasound.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this work is to determine if the speed of sound value of a breast cyst can aid in the clinical management of breast masses. Breast macrocysts are defined as fluid-filled tissue masses >1 cm in diameter and are thought to be aberrations of normal development and involution, often associated with apocrine metaplasia. The benign natural history of breast cysts is well known, and it is important to obtain high specificity in breast imaging to avoid unnecessary biopsies in women who have benign diseases, particularly those with dense breast tissue.

Decolonization potential of 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution in urethral catheters under practice-like in vitro conditions.

Background: Long-term use of indwelling urethral catheters is associated with high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and blockage, which may in turn cause significant morbidity and reduce the life of the catheter. A 0.02% polyhexanide irrigation solution has been developed for routine mechanical rinsing together with bacterial decolonization of suprapubic and indwelling urethral catheters.

Accuracy of Cyst Versus Solid Diagnosis in the Breast Using Quantitative Transmission (QT) Ultrasound.

Rational And Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic utility of breast imaging using transmission ultrasound. We present readers' accuracy in determining whether a breast lesion is a cyst versus a solid using transmission ultrasound as an adjunct to mammography.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multi-reader, multi-case receiver operating characteristic study included 37 lesions seen on mammography and transmission ultrasound.

3-D Nonlinear Acoustic Inverse Scattering: Algorithm and Quantitative Results.

We describe a novel 3-D ultrasound technology, the quantitative transmission ultrasound system and algorithm to image a pendent breast in a water bath. Quantitative accuracy is verified using phantoms. Morphological accuracy is verified using cadaveric breast and in vivo images, and spatial resolution is estimated.

Objective breast tissue image classification using Quantitative Transmission ultrasound tomography.

Quantitative Transmission Ultrasound (QT) is a powerful and emerging imaging paradigm which has the potential to perform true three-dimensional image reconstruction of biological tissue. Breast imaging is an important application of QT and allows non-invasive, non-ionizing imaging of whole breasts in vivo. Here, we report the first demonstration of breast tissue image classification in QT imaging.

Anatomy-Correlated Breast Imaging and Visual Grading Analysis Using Quantitative Transmission Ultrasound.

. This study presents correlations between cross-sectional anatomy of human female breasts and Quantitative Transmission (QT) Ultrasound, does discriminate classifier analysis to validate the speed of sound correlations, and does a visual grading analysis comparing QT Ultrasound with mammography. .

The potential for hydrocarbon biodegradation and production of extracellular polymeric substances by aerobic bacteria isolated from a Brazilian petroleum reservoir.

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can contribute to the cellular degradation of hydrocarbons and have a huge potential for application in biotechnological processes, such as bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Four bacterial strains from a Brazilian petroleum reservoir were investigated for EPS production, emulsification ability and biodegradation activity when hydrocarbons were supplied as substrates for microbial growth. Two strains of Bacillus species had the highest EPS production when phenanthrene and n-octadecane were offered as carbon sources, either individually or in a mixture.

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate shows in vitro and in vivo efficacy in the prevention and treatment of acne vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris is the most common inflammatory skin disorder and jeopardizes seriously the facial impression of a person. Development of acne involves a complex relation among several causes. Treatment and prevention success can be archived by affecting the main contributors positively like Proprionibacterium acnes or lipid oxidation leading to inflammatory reactions and follicular keratinization.