Automated bone property analysis using corrected in vivo dental cone-beam CT data of human wrists.

Fracture liaison services are essential to mitigate underdiagnosis and undertreatment of osteoporosis-related fractures. However, it often suffers from limited access to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT equipment. This in vivo study of 21 patients aims to evaluate the feasibility of dental cone beam CT (dCBCT) to analyse bone properties of human wrists, comparing with DXA and finite element (FE) analysis.

Image quality of photon-counting detector CT for visualization of maxillofacial anatomy in comparison with energy-integrating detector CT and intraoperative C-arm CBCT.

Background: Accurate diagnostic imaging is crucial for managing facial fractures, which are a common global occurrence. This study aimed to compare the image quality of Photon Counting Detector CT (PCD-CT) with state-of-the-art Energy Integrating Detector CT (EID-CT) and intraoperative C-arm CBCT (CBCT) in visualizing maxillofacial anatomy using a cadaveric sheep head model.

Methods: Three fresh sheep heads were used, with surgical interventions simulating metal implants in two of them.

Parotid saliva and blood biomarkers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis in relation to temporomandibular joint magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) caused by an abnormal immune system that includes overactive inflammatory processes. Salivary biomarkers may be a powerful tool that can help establishing diagnosis, prognosis and monitor disease progress.

Objective: The objective was to investigate biomarkers in parotid saliva and blood plasma in relation to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with JIA and healthy individuals.

Automated region growing-based segmentation for trabecular bone structure in fresh-frozen human wrist specimens.

Bone strength depends on both mineral content and bone structure. Measurements of bone microstructure on specimens can be performed by micro-CT. In vivo measurements are reliably performed by high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT) using dedicated software.

A convolutional neural network-based method for the generation of super-resolution 3D models from clinical CT images.

Background And Objective: The accurate evaluation of bone mechanical properties is essential for predicting fracture risk based on clinical computed tomography (CT) images. However, blurring and noise in clinical CT images can compromise the accuracy of these predictions, leading to incorrect diagnoses. Although previous studies have explored enhancing trabecular bone CT images to super-resolution (SR), none of these studies have examined the possibility of using clinical CT images from different instruments, typically of lower resolution, as a basis for analysis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the temporomandibular joint: a case-control study of magnetic resonance imaging findings in relation to clinical and psychosocial factors.

Aim: In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a particularly challenging joint to assess both clinically and with imaging. The aim of this article is to investigate TMJ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in relation to clinical and psychosocial factors in patients with JIA and healthy individuals related to TMJ arthritis in JIA.

Materials: In total, 45 patients (6-16 years) with JIA and 16 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were examined according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD).

Trabecular bone microstructure analysis on data from a novel twin robotic X-ray device.

Background: Bone strength is related to both mineral density (BMD) and the bone microstructure. However, only the assessment of BMD is available in clinical routine care today.

Purpose: To analyze and study the correlation of trabecular bone microstructure from the imaging data of a prototype Multitom Rax system, using micro-computed tomography (CT) data as the reference method (Skyscan 1176).

Photon-counting detector CT and energy-integrating detector CT for trabecular bone microstructure analysis of cubic specimens from human radius.

Background: As bone microstructure is known to impact bone strength, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate if the emerging photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) technique may be used for measurements of trabecular bone structures like thickness, separation, nodes, spacing and bone volume fraction.

Methods: Fourteen cubic sections of human radius were scanned with two multislice CT devices, one PCD-CT and one energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT), using micro-CT as a reference standard. The protocols for PCD-CT and EID-CT were those recommended for inner- and middle-ear structures, although at higher mAs values: PCD-CT at 450 mAs and EID-CT at 600 (dose equivalent to PCD-CT) and 1000 mAs.

The impact of imaging time and contrast agent dose on screening for osteoporosis with contrast-enhanced CT.

Background: Screening for osteoporosis with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is promising for identifying high-risk osteoporotic patients. Our aims were (1) to investigate the estimated volume bone mineral density (vBMD) change over time after contrast injection (CT perfusion imaging, CTPI); and (2) to examine the influence of contrast dose on vBMD.

Methods: Fifteen patients, aged 71 ± 9 years (mean ± standard deviation, range 55-86) underwent a CTPI examination (28 scans within 63 s) of the upper body followed (after a waiting time of 10 min) by a full 4-phase CT examination (4 scans within 4 min).

Ibandronate Reduces the Surface Bone Resorption of Mandibular Bone Grafts: A Randomized Trial With Internal Controls.

Autologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard for reconstruction of the edentulous alveolar ridges. However, this procedure is associated with unpredictable bone loss caused by physiological bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive drugs that act specifically on osteoclasts, thereby maintaining bone density, volume, and strength.

A comparative study of trabecular bone micro-structural measurements using different CT modalities.

Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mineral density and micro-architectural degeneration, significantly enhances fracture-risk. There are several viable methods for trabecular bone micro-imaging, which widely vary in terms of technology, reconstruction principle, spatial resolution, and acquisition time. We have performed an excised cadaveric bone specimen study to evaluate different computed tomography (CT)-imaging modalities for trabecular bone micro-structural analysis.

Direct estimation of human trabecular bone stiffness using cone beam computed tomography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of estimating the biomechanical properties of trabecular bone through finite element simulations by using dental cone beam computed tomography data.

Study Design: Fourteen human radius specimens were scanned in 3 cone beam computed tomography devices: 3-D Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita MFG.

Predicting Trabecular Bone Stiffness from Clinical Cone-Beam CT and HR-pQCT Data; an In Vitro Study Using Finite Element Analysis.

Stiffness and shear moduli of human trabecular bone may be analyzed in vivo by finite element (FE) analysis from image data obtained by clinical imaging equipment such as high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). In clinical practice today, this is done in the peripheral skeleton like the wrist and heel. In this cadaveric bone study, fourteen bone specimens from the wrist were imaged by two dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices and one HR-pQCT device as well as by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Trabecular bone histomorphometric measurements and contrast-to-noise ratio in CBCT.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate how imaging parameters at clinical dental CBCT affect the accuracy in quantifying trabecular bone structures, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and radiation dose.

Methods: 15 radius samples were examined using CBCT (Accuitomo FPD; J. Morita Mfg.

Trabecular bone structure parameters from 3D image processing of clinical multi-slice and cone-beam computed tomography data.

Objective: Bone strength depends on both mineral content and bone structure. The aim of this in vitro study was to develop a method of quantitatively assessing trabecular bone structure by applying three-dimensional image processing to data acquired with multi-slice and cone-beam computed tomography using micro-computed tomography as a reference.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen bone samples from the radius were examined.

Bone density at implant sites and its relationship to assessment of bone quality and treatment outcome.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) before implant placement, implant stability measures at implant placement, and marginal bone loss of immediately loaded implants after 1 year in situ.

Materials And Methods: Consecutively recruited patients received Straumann SLActive implants loaded with fixed provisional prostheses within 24 hours. BMD was measured from computed tomographic images before implant placement.