Microbial Symbiont-Based Detoxification of Different Phytotoxins and Synthetic Toxic Chemicals in Insect Pests and Pollinators.

Insects are the most diverse form of life, and as such, they interact closely with humans, impacting our health, economy, and agriculture. Beneficial insect species contribute to pollination, biological control of pests, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Pest species can cause damage to agricultural crops and vector diseases to humans and livestock.

Can diffuse reflectance spectroscopy identify shuntodynia in pediatric hydrocephalus patients?

Significance: Shuntodynia is patient reported pain at the site of the implanted ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. Pediatric hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement is a chronic and prevalent standard of care treatment and requires lifetime management. Shuntodynia is a subjective measure of shunt dysfunction.

Climate change impacts on children's respiratory health.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines the impact of climate change on the respiratory health of children, with a focus on temperature, humidity, air pollution, and extreme weather events. Climate change is considered the greatest health threat of our time, and children are especially at risk. This review is timely and relevant as it provides an overview of the current literature on the effects of climate change on children's respiratory health, and the implications of these findings for clinical practice and research.

Biology, Genetic Diversity, and Conservation of Wild Bees in Tree Fruit Orchards.

Different species of bees provide essential ecosystem services by pollinating various agricultural crops, including tree fruits. Many fruits and nuts depend on insect pollination, primarily by wild and managed bees. In different geographical regions where orchard crops are grown, fruit growers rely on wild bees in the farmscape and use orchard bees as alternative pollinators.

Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action.

There is increasing understanding, globally, that climate change and increased pollution will have a profound and mostly harmful effect on human health. This review brings together international experts to describe both the direct (such as heat waves) and indirect (such as vector-borne disease incidence) health impacts of climate change. These impacts vary depending on vulnerability (i.

Comparison of the unwanted optical images produced by 6 mm and 7 mm intraocular lenses.

Unwanted optical images are noticed by a surprisingly large number of patients following cataract extraction with implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs). These images are caused by the positioning holes, lens edge, or laser ridge. We studied 550 eyes in which one of seven different IOLs was inserted.

Effectivity of laser ridge intraocular lenses.

Two hundred fifty intraocular lenses with varying sizes of laser ridges were implanted following extracapsular cataract surgery to determine the effectivity of the laser ridge in creating a space between the intraocular lens and the posterior capsule. Six weeks post-operatively, the distance between the intraocular lens and the posterior capsule was judged as adequate in 92% of cases with a .35 mm ridge, 88% cases with a .

Contralateral amaurosis after retrobulbar injection.

Contralateral amaurosis after retrobulbar injection of local anesthetic agents occurred in two patients, a 64-year-old woman and a 57-year-old man. The amaurosis resulted from migration of the anesthetic agents to the optic chiasm and contralateral optic nerve via the subarachnoid space. In both cases visual acuity returned to preoperative levels within 90 minutes.

Pseudophakic phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis.

Two cases of pseudophakic phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis are reported. Both responded favorably to a total posterior capsulectomy performed in addition to removal of the intraocular lens and remaining cortical material. Current theories on phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis are discussed.

Intraocular lenses and anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.

Questionnaires were sent to 200 members of the American Intra-Ocular Implant Society to assess the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management trends with intraocular lens implant patients on warfarin sodium and aspirin therapy. Responses were received from 135 members. A sizable majority of practitioners (75%) withhold warfarin sodium both prior to and following surgery.

Aborted posterior chamber intraocular lens insertions: a "second Choyce".

We reviewed 1,200 patients who had had extracapsular cataract extraction prior to implantation of a posterior chamber lens. Intraoperative contraindication to posterior chamber lens insertion arose in one hundred seven cases. These patients received anterior chamber lenses and their results were generally the same as similar complicated cases that have been reported.

Scanning electron microscopy of removed intraocular lenses.

During a six-year period, 27 intraocular lenses (2%) were removed from a population of 1,794 implanted eyes. The frequency of and reasons for removal of the lenses, as well as patient information, dates of insertion and removal, types of surgery, and lens manufacturers, were recorded. Twelve of 15 lenses obtained for study were examined by scanning electron microscopy.

Wills eye hospital residents' intraocular lens experience.

Intraocular lens (IOL) operations performed by Wills Eye Hospital residents over a three-year period were reviewed retrospectively. The growing numbers of implants performed, the trends in methods of cataract extraction, the trends in types of intraocular lenses, and the relative safety of the procedure were examined. The estimate for the total number of intraocular lenses implanted by Wills Eye Hospital residents this past year was 600, or 60 per senior resident, and the percent of patients seeing 6/12 or better was 93.

Corneal melting with intraocular lenses.

Five patients with collagen vascular disease and keratoconjunctivitis sicca underwent cataract surgery and implantation of intraocular lenses. Postoperative development of corneal melting may have been potentiated by the use of topical 0.1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate alcohol and neomycin sulfate.

Specular microscopy with intraocular lens implantations.

Specular microscopy performed six months postoperatively on 122 lens implant patients showed that endothelial cell loss rates varied according to method of cataract extraction and type of lens implant. Phacoemulsification with implantation of a Platina-style lens was associated with the highest cell loss; planned extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a Choyce-style or J-loop lens was associated with the lowest cell loss. The presence of marked striate keratopathy on the first postoperative day was directly related to endothelial cell loss.

Visual results and complications of 500 intraocular lens implantations.

These statistics reported for the visual results and complications of 500 intraocular lenses suggest that better visual results are obtained following extracapsular surgery. After all nonoperative causes for vision less than 6/12 were eliminated, 85.2% of the intracapsular cataract extractions had 6/12 or better vision.

Phacoemulsification visual results and complications: report of 800 cases.

The visual results and complications of 700 Kelman-Phacoemulsification operations have been presented. Early in this series, corneal opacification and vitreous loss were a major concern. Complications decreased with experience and at the present time visual results are at least as good as they were with routine intracapsular cataract extractions.