Dynamics of ROS production, SOD, POD and CAT activity during stigma maturation and pollination in Nicotiana tabacum and Lilium longiflorum.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key regulator of physiological processes in pollen grains, and an essential component of stigma exudate. The mechanisms of this redox-based regulatory system and its features in different plant groups are still unclear. For two species from different families (tobacco and lily), the dynamics of total ROS, O generation, and HO concentration in stigma exudate were examined using EPR spectroscopy and quantitative colorimetric analysis.

Plant Hormone and Fatty Acid Screening of and Stigma Exudates.

Pollen germination in vivo on wet stigmas is assisted by the receptive fluid-stigma exudate. Its exact composition is still unknown because only some components have been studied. For the first time, hormonal screening was carried out, and the fatty acid (FA) composition of lipid-rich () and sugar-rich () exudates was studied.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gut Microbiota: Phenotype Matters.

Abnormalities in gut microbiota diversity are considered important mechanisms in metabolic disorders in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, the data on the association of these disorders with the PCOS phenotype remain controversial. The objectives of this study were to estimate the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy women and PCOS patients depending on phenotype.

Differences in Gut Microbiota Composition and Predicted Metabolic Functions: a Pilot Study of Adolescents with Normal Weight and Obesity.

Understanding the principles underlying the stability and sustainability of the gut microbiome of adolescents with normal weight and obesity will make it possible to implement a personalized approach to the correction of metabolic disorders. The article presents the results of a pilot study of the diversity and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome in adolescents with normal body weight and obesity. Biological material was studied using metagenomic sequencing of the V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene.

SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Modulates Ion Channels in Adult Zebrafish Heart.

Empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (iSGLT2), improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without diabetes and possesses an antiarrhythmic activity. However, the mechanisms of these protective effects have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the impact of empagliflozin on ion channel activity and electrophysiological characteristics in the ventricular myocardium.

Dynamics of endogenous levels and subcellular localization of ABA and cytokinins during pollen germination in spruce and tobacco.

We used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the level of endogenous hormones in spruce pollen, and immunolocalization and confocal microscopy to study hormone localization in spruce and tobacco pollen. During pollen activation, the levels of ABA, zeatin, and its riboside significantly decreased. After the initiation of polar growth, the levels of all cytokinins increased sharply; ABA level also increased.

The Balance between Different ROS on Tobacco Stigma during Flowering and Its Role in Pollen Germination.

The concept of ROS as an important factor controlling pollen germination and tube growth has become generally accepted in the last decade. However, the relationship between various ROS and their significance for the success of in vivo germination and fertilization remained unexplored. For the present study, we collected stigma exudate on different stages of stigma maturity before and after pollination.

Functional Analysis of SCN5A Genetic Variants Associated with Brugada Syndrome.

Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare inherited cardiac arrhythmia with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Mutations in gene SCN5A, which encodes the α-subunit of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, have been identified in over 20% of patients with BrS.

Plant mitochondria import DNA via alternative membrane complexes involving various VDAC isoforms.

Mitochondria possess transport mechanisms for import of RNA and DNA. Based on import into isolated Solanum tuberosum mitochondria in the presence of competitors, inhibitors or effectors, we show that DNA fragments of different size classes are taken up into plant organelles through distinct channels. Alternative channels can also be activated according to the amount of DNA substrate of a given size class.

Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Gymnosperms.

Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are common to all seed plants, but these processes first developed in gymnosperms and still serve for their successful sexual reproduction. The main body of data on the reproductive physiology, however, was obtained on flowering plants, and one should be careful to extrapolate the discovered patterns to gymnosperms. In recent years, physiological studies of coniferous pollen have been increasing, and both the features of this group and the similarities with flowering plants have already been identified.

Hydrogen peroxide in tobacco stigma exudate affects pollen proteome and membrane potential in pollen tubes.

ROS are known to be accumulated in stigmas of different species and can possibly perform different functions important for plant reproduction. Here we tested the assumption that one of their functions is to control membrane potential and provoke synthesis of unique proteins in germinating pollen. We used spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry to detect H O in stigma exudate, quantitative fluorescent microscopy of pollen tubes and flow cytometry of pollen protoplasts to reveal effects on membrane potential, and a label-free quantification approach to study pollen proteome changes after H O treatment.

Oxygen radicals and cytoplasm zoning in growing lily pollen tubes.

Differential modulation of ROS content of the microenvironment (O ¯/MnTMPP/OH·) affects growth speed and morphology in lily pollen tubes. Oxygen radicals influence ionic zoning: membrane potential and pH gradients. Recently, redox-regulation of tip growth has been extensively studied, but differential sensitivity of growing cells to particular ROS and their subcellular localization is still unclear.

Metasequencing of V3-V4 Variable Regions of 16S rRNA Gene in Opportunistic Microbiota and Gut Biocenosis in Obese Adolescents.

Opportunistic microorganisms in the gut biocenosis were studied in adolescents with normal body weight and obesity (patients consulted at the Clinical Department of Research Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems). The biological material was studied by standard bacteriological methods, representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family were also characterized using metagenomic sequencing of V3-V4 variable regions of 16S gene rRNA. Gut microbiota of obese adolescents was unbalanced and was characterized by low levels of bifido- and lactoflora representatives, a spectrum of E.

Dynamics of Pollen Activation and the Role of H-ATPase in Pollen Germination in Blue Spruce ().

Pollen is a highly specialized structure for sexual plant reproduction. Early stages of pollen germination require the transition from dormant state to active metabolism. In particular, an important role during this early phase of angiosperm pollen germination is played by H-ATPase.

ROS and Ions in Cell Signaling during Sexual Plant Reproduction.

Pollen grain is a unique haploid organism characterized by two key physiological processes: activation of metabolism upon exiting dormancy and polar tube growth. In gymnosperms and flowering plants, these processes occur in different time frames and exhibit important features; identification of similarities and differences is still in the active phase. In angiosperms, the growth of male gametophyte is directed and controlled by its microenvironment, while in gymnosperms it is relatively autonomous.

Metagenomic 16S rDNA amplicon datasets from adolescents with normal weight, obesity, and obesity with irritable bowel syndrome from Eastern Siberia, Russia.

Childhood obesity and its consequences are a significant public health problem worldwide. Gut microbiota has a potential role in the development of. In the current datasets, we present 16S rDNA amplicon metasequencing of the gut microbiome of adolescents with normal weight, obesity, and obesity with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) carried out using the Illumine platform.

Metagenome datasets from women with polycystic ovary syndrome from Irkutsk, Eastern Siberia, Russia.

For the metagenomic characterization of potential taxonomic and functional diversity of microorganisms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women, we surveyed five women with PCOS and collected samples of feces, saliva, and serum. After quality processing, we have obtained from 915,594 to 3,880,379 reads; these 16,693 sequences had ribosomal RNA genes, 2,091,990 sequences contained predicted proteins with known functions, and 3,750,261 sequences had predicted proteins with unknown functions. Host DNA accounted for ca.

Microbiome analysis of healthy and diseased sponges by using cell cultures of primmorphs.

Endemic sponges (Demosponges, Lubomirskiidae) dominate the fauna of the littoral zone of Lake Baikal. These freshwater sponges live in symbiosis with diverse eukaryotes and prokaryotes, including chlorophyll-containing microalgae. Within the last 5 years, the incidence of sponge disease and mortality events in Lake Baikal has increased.

DNA Import into Plant Mitochondria: Complex Approach for in organello and in vivo Studies.

Natural competence of mitochondria for DNA uptake has been known for the last 20 years. Until the present time, all studies of this process have been conducted exclusively in isolated mitochondria, as no system for investigation of the DNA transport into the mitochondria in intact cells has been available. The objective of this work was to improve and standardize the existing approaches for investigating DNA import into plant mitochondria in an in organello system.

DNA Import into Mitochondria.

In recent decades, it has become evident that the condition for normal functioning of mitochondria in higher eukaryotes is the presence of membrane transport systems of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids). Natural competence of the mitochondria in plants, animals, and yeasts to actively uptake DNA may be directly related to horizontal gene transfer into these organelles occurring at much higher rate compared to the nuclear and chloroplast genomes. However, in contrast with import of proteins and tRNAs, little is known about the biological role and molecular mechanism underlying import of DNA into eukaryotic mitochondria.

[Structural and functional aspects of heterophylly in Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith: ultrastructure and photosynthesis].

Ultrastructure and functional characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus of the floating and submersed leaves of heterophyllous aquatic plant Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. et Sm.

[The correction of lipid metabolism and microcirculation disturbances in early atherogenesis stages by thyroxine].

Thyroxine (T4) inhibits the development of lipid metabolism disorders and experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits (model N.N. Anichkov).