Microbiota in lymph nodes of cattle harvested in a Canadian meat processing plant.

Lymph nodes (LN) harboring bacteria, when being incorporated into ground beef, may impact the microbial safety and quality of such products. We tested two main foodborne pathogens Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and profiled the microbiota in LNs (n = 160) of cattle harvested at a Canadian abattoir, by conventional plating methods, PCR, and high throughput sequencing. LNs at two anatomical locations, subiliac and popliteal from 80 cattle were included.

Experiential Training Workshops for Group Antenatal Care in Malawi.

The positive effects of the CenteringPregnancy group antenatal care (ANC) model on perinatal outcomes in the United States has led to its adaptation and implementation in many low- and middle-income countries. Facilitative discussions are a core component of this group ANC model. Facilitator training lays a critical foundation for delivery of this paradigm-shifting model as practitioners learn to adapt their approach to health education from didactive to facilitative.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Spp. Isolated from a Beef Processing Plant and Retail Ground Beef.

Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals has come under increasing scrutiny due to its potential association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Monitoring of AMR in indicator microorganisms such as spp. in meat production facilities and retail meat products can provide important information on the dynamics and prevalence of AMR in these environments.

Impaired Lactation: Review of Delayed Lactogenesis and Insufficient Lactation.

It is estimated that as many as 1 in 20 women worldwide are unable to successfully breastfeed or provide adequate nutrition for their infants through their breast milk alone. Compromised nutrition in the early stages of life places the infant at risk for insufficient growth as well as serious and potentially disabling or life-threatening complications. This review summarizes risk factors associated with impaired lactation that may result in either delayed lactogenesis or insufficient lactation.

Corrigendum: Multidrug Resistance in Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortalities in North America From 2011 to 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Multidrug Resistance in Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortalities in North America From 2011 to 2016.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) members of the family may compromise the efficacy of therapies used to prevent and treat bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle. This study examined the prevalence of multidrug resistance in strains of and collected from BRD cattle mortalities in North America. Isolates of ( = 147) and ( = 70) spanning 69 Alberta feedlots from 2011 to 2016 and two United States feedlots from 2011 to 2012 were examined for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in association with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs).

Building a Global Evidence Base to Guide Policy and Implementation for Group Antenatal Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Key Principles and Research Framework Recommendations from the Global Group Antenatal Care Collaborative.

Evidence from high-income countries suggests that group antenatal care, an alternative service delivery model, may be an effective strategy for improving both the provision and experience of care. Until recently, published research about group antenatal care did not represent findings from low- and middle-income countries, which have health priorities, system challenges, and opportunities that are different than those in high-income countries. Because high-quality evidence is limited, the World Health Organization recommends group antenatal care be implemented only in the context of rigorous research.

A porcine ligated loop model reveals new insight into the host immune response against .

The symptoms of infectious diarrheal disease are mediated by a combination of a pathogen's virulence factors and the host immune system. is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide due to its near-ubiquitous zoonotic association with poultry. One of the outstanding questions is to what extent the bacteria are responsible for the diarrheal symptoms via intestinal cell necrosis versus immune cell initiated tissue damage.

Reducing Barriers That Hinder Obstetric Providers From Addressing Perinatal Depression: A Provider Education Module.

Background: Perinatal depression affects approximately one in seven women and is one of the most common complications that occurs during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Untreated depression can have devastating consequences for the mother and her children. Despite the high prevalence and negative effects, pregnant and postpartum women face barriers to establishing adequate care and thus many go untreated.

Investigation of a Reduction in Tylosin on the Prevalence of Liver Abscesses and Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci in Feedlot Cattle.

Recent concerns over linkages between antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens and antimicrobial use in livestock have prompted researchers to investigate management strategies that reduce the current reliance on in-feed tylosin to control liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. A total of 7,576 crossbred yearlings were allocated to the study (~253 animals/pen, 10 replicate pens per treatment) and individually randomized to one of three treatments. Tylosin phosphate (11 ppm) was included in-feed (1) for the first 125 days on feed (DOF) (), (2) for DOF 41 to 161 (), or (3) for the entire feeding period (; day 0-161).

Antimicrobial Resistance in Members of the Bacterial Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Isolated from Lung Tissue of Cattle Mortalities Managed with or without the Use of Antimicrobials.

Over a two-year period, (MH; = 113), (PM; = 47), (HS; = 41) and (MB; = 227) were isolated from bovine lung tissue at necropsy from cattle raised conventionally (CON, = 29 feedlots) or without antimicrobials [natural (NAT), = 2 feedlots]. Excluding MB, isolates were assayed by PCR to detect the presence of 13 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and five core genes associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, µg/mL) were determined for a subset of isolates (MH, = 104; PM, = 45; HS, = 23; and MB, = 61) using Sensititre analyses.

Reasons Why Pregnant Women Participate in Ultrasound Research Involving Transvaginal Scans.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the motivations of pregnant women in participating in an ultrasound study and the acceptability of vaginal ultrasound examinations.

Methods: A prospective sample of 270 women were asked one question: "Can you tell me what motivated you to participate in the study?" The data were then analyzed through a qualitative thematic analysis with an inductive approach. In addition to the thematic analysis, quantification of the data was performed to enhance the qualitative result.

An effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 trial assessing the impact of group versus individual antenatal care on maternal and infant outcomes in Malawi.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and accounts for two-thirds of new HIV infections and 25% of preterm births. Antenatal care, as the entry point into the health system for many women, offers an opportunity to provide life-saving monitoring, health promotion, and health system linkages. Change is urgently needed, because potential benefits of antenatal care are not realized when pregnant women experience long wait times and short visits with inconsistent provisioning of essential services and minimal health promotion, especially for HIV prevention.

The Microbial Pecking Order: Utilization of Intestinal Microbiota for Poultry Health.

The loss of antibiotics as a tool to improve feed efficiency in poultry production has increased the urgency to understand how the microbiota interacts with animals to impact productivity and health. Modulating and harnessing microbiota-host interactions is a promising way to promote poultry health and production efficiencies without antibiotics. In poultry, the microbiome is influenced by many host and external factors including host species, age, gut compartment, diet, and environmental exposure to microbes.

Meconium aspiration syndrome: Incidence and outcomes using discharge data.

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among term, otherwise healthy newborns, yet population studies are rare. Definitions, outcomes and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes are heterogenous, complicating estimates of incidence, outcomes and risks.

Aims: To measure population incidence, risks and outcomes of MAS by ICD codes.

Lower Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Resistome of Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortalities.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be a serious health problem in beef cattle production. A multifactorial condition, BRD encompasses several types of pneumonia that are associated with multiple viral and bacterial agents. Comprehensive identification of microbes associated with BRD fatalities could enhance our understanding of the range of pathogens that contribute to the disease and identify new therapeutic targets.

Serotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Mannheimia haemolytica strains from European cattle with bovine respiratory disease.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of three serotypes, A1, A2, and A6 in 98 M. haemolytica isolates collected from clinical BRD cases in European cattle and assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Isolates were characterized by serotyping (plate agglutination and serotype specific PCR) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Rapid and transient oxygen consumption increase following acute HDAC/KDAC inhibition in Drosophila tissue.

Epigenetic deregulation, such as the reduction of histone acetylation levels, is thought to be causally linked to various maladies associated with aging. Consequently, histone deacetylase inhibitors are suggested to serve as epigenetic therapy by increasing histone acetylation. However, previous work suggests that many non-histone proteins, including metabolic enzymes, are also acetylated and that post transitional modifications may impact their activity.

A Novel Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene in Bovine and Porcine Pathogens.

A novel variant of the AAD(3″) class of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes was discovered in fatal bovine respiratory disease-associated pathogens and . The gene encodes a spectinomycin/streptomycin adenylyltransferase and was located in a variant of the integrative and conjugative element ICE, a mobile genetic element transmissible among members of the family . The gene was also detected in from a case of porcine pneumonia and in from a case of keratoconjunctivitis.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria That Cause Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Alberta, Canada.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most important illness of feedlot cattle. Disease management targets the associated bacterial pathogens, , and . We conducted a cross-sectional study to measure the frequencies of antimicrobial-resistant BRD pathogens using a collaborative network of veterinarians, industry, government, and a diagnostic laboratory.

In silico identification and high throughput screening of antigenic proteins as candidates for a Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine.

This study examined the use of comparative genomic analysis for vaccine design against Mannheimia haemolytica, a respiratory pathogen of ruminants. A total of 2,341genes were identified in at least half of the 23 genomes. Of these, a total of 240 were identified to code for N-terminal signal peptides with diverse sub-cellular localizations (78 periplasmic, 52 outer membrane, 15 extracellular, 13 cytoplasmic membrane and 82 unknown) and were examined in an ELISA assay using a coupled-cell free transcription/translation system for protein expressionwith antisera from cattle challenged with serovars 1, 2 or 6 of M.

Randomized controlled pilot of a group antenatal care model and the sociodemographic factors associated with pregnancy-related empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: The links between empowerment and a number of health-related outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa have been documented, but empowerment related to pregnancy is under-investigated. Antenatal care (ANC) is the entry point into the healthcare system for most women, so it is important to understand how ANC affects aspects of women's sense of control over their pregnancy. We compare pregnancy-related empowerment for women randomly assigned to the standard of care versus CenteringPregnancy-based group ANC (intervention) in two sub-Saharan countries, Malawi and Tanzania.

Metagenomic Sequencing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples from Feedlot Cattle Mortalities Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant and costly illness in feedlot cattle. Metagenomic analysis was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained from 18 feedlot cattle that died of BRD.