The Influence of Parental Social-Emotional Competencies on Intergenerational Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Review.

Child maltreatment is a major public and global health issue with well-documented intergenerational patterns. Social-emotional development, which is detrimentally impacted by child maltreatment, has been associated with parenting behaviors and implicated as a mechanism of intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. This scoping review sought to synthesize information on the social-emotional skills that contribute to or protect against intergenerational maltreatment.

A Qualitative Scoping Review of Community Firearm Violence in Low-Income Settings.

Firearm violence is a public health crisis in the United States that disproportionately impacts community members in low-income areas who witness and experience violence and violent victimization at elevated rates compared to other socioeconomic groups, often as result of community disinvestment and systemic racism (Smith et al., Soc Sci Med 246:112587, 2020). While quantitative reviews of firearm violence and related factors exist, a review of qualitative methods and findings regarding exposure to firearm violence has not yet been conducted.

Child marriage and well-being in Central and Western Africa: A scoping review of costs and potential benefits for girls.

Introduction: Child marriage is practiced widely in West and Central Africa with established links to several negative outcomes, particularly for girls. Although some reviews on predictors of the practice of child marriage exist, to date no review has focused on the costs and potential benefits to girls who have experienced child marriage.

Method: We conducted a scoping review of PubMed, African Index Medicus, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Global Health and in the grey literature for studies on child marriage and adjustment up to October 2023.

Emotion Regulation in Families: Exploring the Link between Parent-Child Alexithymia and Child Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic comprises a mass trauma for children and families, and children may face particular vulnerability to post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) through processes of parent and child emotional dysregulation, such as alexithymia. With 88 U.S.

Adverse childhood experiences, individual-level risk and protective factors, and recent drug use in a community sample of Nigerian women.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a wide range of health problems and health-compromising behaviors, including drug use, but are understudied in sub-Saharan Africa. Further, some data suggest that some types of ACEs are more strongly associated with outcomes than others. We investigated associations between different types of ACEs and recent drug use among 2,011 women living in Katsina State, Nigeria.

Protective factors for adverse childhood experiences: Scoping review and evidence gap map.

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) negatively impact mental, physical, and behavioral health of adults. To develop empirically supported interventions to reduce the impact of ACES, we need to have a strong empirical base of research on modifiable protective factors that reduce the link between ACES and health outcomes. The current review is focused on assessing the state of the literature on modifiable protective factors on the ACE-health outcome relationship in adults.

Comparing attention, impulsivity, and executive functions between patients with opiate use disorder: Buprenorphine maintenance treatment versus active users, in comparison with healthy controls.

Background: Opioid use disorders (OUDs) affect over 16 million people worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence rate in Asia. OUDs are associated with significant health consequences, including neurocognitive impairment, which affects individuals' ability to make decisions, respond to stressful situations, and regulate behavior. Understanding the specific ways in which OUDs affect cognitive functioning is important in treatment considerations.

Parenting and other potential protective factors associated with polysubstance use among public school students in Lagos, Nigeria.

Substance use is a growing problem in Nigeria. The present study extended recent work documenting the importance of parenting as protective against substance use in Nigerian youth by testing a model linking parenting, additional protective factors and polysubstance use. Public school students (N = 1607; 56% female; M age = 14.

A longitudinal examination of psychosocial mechanisms linking discrimination with objective and subjective sleep.

Objective: Although chronic discrimination negatively impacts sleep, the cross-sectional nature of most research limits the understanding of how changes in discrimination over time are associated with sleep health. Therefore, the aims of this study were to explore the: (1) longitudinal association between daily discrimination and subjective and objective sleep; (2) mediating roles of anxiety and social well-being; and (3) moderating role of change in discrimination over time.

Methods: An archival analysis was completed using data from the Midlife in the United States study across 3 timepoints.

Predictors of substance use disorder symptoms among women in Katsina State, Nigeria.

Background: Problems associated with substance use are on the rise among women in northern Nigeria, creating a need to understand factors contributing to this trend.

Method: Data on substance use, symptoms of substance use disorder (SUD) using DSM-5 criteria, and risk and protective factors associated with SUD symptoms, including adverse childhood experiences (ACE), were collected in a community-based study of young adult women (M age = 25.76, SD = 4.

Risk and protective factors for marijuana use and problems with use in a national sample of female Ecuadorian secondary school students.

This study investigated risk and protective factors for marijuana use and problems with use in Ecuadorian girls in an attempt to inform this growing problem. Female secondary school students (N = 16,310; M = 15.02, SD = 1.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Distress Tolerance in Pakistani Men and Women.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that spread across the world, bringing with it serious mental health problems for men and women. Women in Pakistan are infected with COVID-19 at a much lower rate than men, yet report worse mental health. To explain this paradox, we surveyed 190 participants (46% male) shortly following the country lockdown, focusing on perceptions of the COVID-19 impact and positive adjustment.

Duty-related stressors, adjustment, and the role of coping processes in first responders: A systematic review.

Objective: A core challenge in working with first responders worldwide (e.g., firefighters, emergency service personnel, police officers) is identifying theoretically and empirically based individual-level factors that are associated with adjustment and that can be translated to interventions.

Psychosocial Interventions for Alcohol and/or Drug Misuse and Use Disorders in Women: A Systematic Review.

Although men and women who misuse substances have different needs, no rigorous systematic literature review has been conducted examining psychosocial substance use interventions for women across a broad range of types of therapeutic approaches and populations. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used to guide this review. English language, peer-reviewed research articles indexed in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science through May 6, 2021, were searched.

Differential DNA Methylation and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Mother-Adolescent Dyads.

Background: Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Among African Americans, compared to other racial groups, cardiovascular disease onset occurs at an earlier age due to a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that heritable epigenetic processes are related to increased cardiovascular disease risk, but this is largely unexplored in adolescents or across generations.

Is Delinquency Associated With Subsequent Victimization by Community Violence in Adolescents? A Test of the Risky Behavior Model in a Primarily African American Sample.

Objective: Victimization is common in adolescence and is associated with negative outcomes, including school failure, and poor emotional, behavioral, and physical health. A deeper understanding of the risk of victimization can inform prevention and intervention efforts. This study tests the risky behavior model in adolescents, examining prospective associations between mean levels of and changes in delinquency and risk for victimization over four annual data collections.

Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators and Telomere Length in Low-Income African-American Adolescents.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease later in life, and to shortened telomere length in children and adolescents, but few studies have examined associations between ACEs and cardiometabolic risk in adolescence or potential associations between ACEs, cardiometabolic risk indicators, and telomere length in this population. The present study examined competing models of associations between adolescent ACEs (as reported by mothers); cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic indicators of health risk; and leukocyte telomere length in youth.

Method: Data was collected from 108 low-income African-American adolescents (42.

The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Telomere Length: Examining Self-Regulation as a Behavioral Mediator.

Childhood adversity is linked to shortened telomere length (TL), but behavioral indicators of telomere attrition remain unclear. This study examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child TL, and if ACEs were indirectly associated with TL through children's self-regulatory abilities (i.e.

Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms among Syrian refugee youth in Jordan: Social support and gender as moderators.

This study assessed relations between exposure to trauma and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and whether perceived social support from family and friends and gender moderated these associations. Syrian refugee youth (N = 418, 55.0% female) attending public schools in Jordan participated.

Motivations for the nonmedical use of prescription drugs in a longitudinal national sample of young adults.

Introduction: People's motivations for nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) are not well studied, particularly in longitudinal representative samples. However, understanding which motivations are most popular and how these change over time for specific groups is important to inform interventions for NMUPD.

Methods: The current study examined how young adults' motives for NMUPD changed over young adulthood, using a nationally representative sample of 12,223 young adults in 36 cohorts (1976-2012) as part of the Monitoring the Future study across three biennial waves (waves 1, 2, 3: modal ages 19/20, 21/22, and 23/24 years).

Schooling while incarcerated as a turning point for serious juvenile and young adult offenders.

Introduction: Attending school and working are consistently associated with positive outcomes for juvenile offenders returning to the community.

Methods: Using longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, we used structural equation modeling to test whether better school experiences while incarcerated was positively connected to adjustment upon release among serious juvenile offenders (91% male) in the U.S.

Trauma exposure, mental health and tobacco use among vulnerable Syrian refugee youth in Jordan.

Background: Little is known about tobacco use among youth exposed to armed conflicts, or the influence of trauma on tobacco use in this context. This study examined patterns of smoking by tobacco product and gender among Syrian refugee youth living in host communities in Jordan and assessed the associations of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, trauma exposure and social support with current smoking status in boys and girls.

Methods: Syrian refugee students (mean [standard deviation] age = 14.

Risk and protective factors for heroin use in a nationally representative sample of Ecuadorian youth.

Introduction: Recent reports from a variety of sources indicate that heroin use among Ecuadorian adolescents is on the rise. In order to design effective prevention and intervention programs, research is needed that quantifies use and assesses risk and protective factors associated with use.

Methods: This study analyzed the National Survey of Drug Use, a nationally representative survey of 50,145 adolescents (49.