Risk of positive selection bias in longitudinal surveys among cancer survivors: Lessons learnt from the national Norwegian Testicular Cancer Survivor Study.

Background: Selection bias due to non- or incomplete compliance is challenging in surveys. Using data from a longitudinal survey in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs), we identify factors predicting incomplete compliance.

Method: In a questionnaire-based national survey (1998-2016; three waves) 1,813 > 5 year TCSs were invited to report post-treatment adverse health outcomes (AHOs).

Causes of inferior relative survival after testicular germ cell tumor diagnosed 1953-2015: A population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients and survivors have excess mortality compared to the general male population, but relative survival (RS) has been scarcely studied. We investigated causes of excess mortality and their impact on RS among men diagnosed with TGCT in Norway, 1953-2015.

Methods And Findings: Using registry data (n = 9541), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and RS were calculated.

Second cancers in radically treated Norwegian prostate cancer patients.

The aim of this registry-based cohort study was to estimate second cancer (SC) risk following radical prostate cancer (PC) treatment and evaluate if the risk was influenced by radiotherapy. We collected data from the Cancer Registry of Norway on all patients with PC as first cancer diagnosis, from 1997 to 2014. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for SC were calculated by comparing our cohort to the standard male population.

Does Prophylactic Radiation Therapy to Avoid Gynecomastia in Patients With Prostate Cancer Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer?

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PC) patients who undergo antiandrogen monotherapy are offered prophylactic radiation therapy (PRT) to the breast buds to avoid gynecomastia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the risk of breast cancer (BC) in men with PC as their first cancer diagnosis was influenced by PRT.

Methods And Materials: From the Norwegian Cancer Registry, we collected data from all patients with PC as their first cancer diagnosis from 1997 to 2014.

Modern treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.

The treatment of prostate cancer with remote metastases has advanced greatly in recent years. Treatment options are dependent on the extent of the metastases, the patient’s general condition and wishes, and the treatment response. We present an overview of the latest options for systemic treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer, based on availability in Norway.

Overall survival in renal cell carcinoma after introduction of targeted therapies: a Norwegian population-based study.

Background: This population-wide retrospective, non-interventional registry study assessed changes in overall survival (OS) and factors influencing OS in Norwegian patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: Two population-wide health registries were used to identify all RCC patients with (mRCC) or without metastases diagnosed before (2002-2005) and after (2006-2008 and 2009-2011) introduction of targeted therapies. Median OS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method.

Ten- and 15-yr Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality in Patients with Nonmetastatic Locally Advanced or Aggressive Intermediate Prostate Cancer, Randomized to Lifelong Endocrine Treatment Alone or Combined with Radiotherapy: Final Results of The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7.

Background: In high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), no study with observation times beyond 10 yr has demonstrated survival improvement after addition of prostatic radiotherapy (RAD) to endocrine treatment (ET) alone.

Objective: To compare mortality rates in patients receiving ET alone versus ET + RAD.

Design, Settings, And Participants: From 1996 to 2002, 875 Scandinavian patients with high-risk (90%) or intermediate PCa were randomized to ET or ET + RAD (The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7).

Aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder in long-term testicular cancer survivors: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and variables associated with PTSD in Norwegian long-term testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Methods: At a mean of 11 years after diagnosis, 1418 TCSs responded to a mailed questionnaire, and at a mean of 19 years after diagnosis, 1046 of them responded again to a modified questionnaire. Posttraumatic symptoms related to testicular cancer were self-rated with the Impact of Event Scale (IES) at the 11-year study only.

Long-term Relative Survival after Diagnosis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor.

Background: Long-term relative survival (RS) data for testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients are scarce. We aimed to analyze long-term RS among TGCT patients diagnosed in Norway, between 1953 and 2012.

Methods: Data sources were the Cancer Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

The SWENOTECA group: A good example of continuous binational and multidisciplinary collaboration for patients with testicular cancer in Sweden and Norway.

Objective: The aim of this article is to present the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA), with an emphasis on the history of SWENOTECA, organization, results and current status.

Materials And Methods: SWENOTECA was founded in 1981 as a binational organization open to hospitals in Sweden and Norway treating testicular cancer. It has since published treatment protocols for testicular cancer and prospectively registered patients with testicular cancer.

One course of adjuvant BEP in clinical stage I nonseminoma mature and expanded results from the SWENOTECA group.

Background: SWENOTECA has since 1998 offered patients with clinical stage I (CS I) nonseminoma, adjuvant chemotherapy with one course of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP). The aim has been to reduce the risk of relapse, sparing patients the need of toxic salvage treatment. Initial results on 312 patients treated with one course of adjuvant BEP, with a median follow-up of 4.

Investigation of six testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility genes suggests a parent-of-origin effect in SPRY4.

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) risk in the genes ATF7IP, BAK1, DMRT1, KITLG, SPRY4 and TERT. In the present study, we validate these associations in a Scandinavian population, and explore effect modification by parental sex and differences in associations between the major histological subtypes seminoma and non-seminoma. A total of 118 SNPs in the six genes were genotyped in a population-based Swedish-Norwegian sample comprising 831 TGCT case-parent triads, 474 dyads, 712 singletons and 3919 population controls.

Sperm counts and endocrinological markers of spermatogenesis in long-term survivors of testicular cancer.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess markers of spermatogenesis in long-term survivors of testicular cancer (TC) according to treatment, and to explore correlations between the markers and associations with achieved paternity following TC treatment.

Methods: In 1191 TC survivors diagnosed between 1980 and 1994, serum-follicle stimulating hormone (s-FSH; n=1191), s-inhibin B (n=441), and sperm counts (millions per ml; n=342) were analysed in a national follow-up study in 1998-2002. Paternity was assessed by a questionnaire.

Breast cancer: missed interval and screening-detected cancer at full-field digital mammography and screen-film mammography-- results from a retrospective review.

Purpose: To compare the percentages and mammographic features of cancers missed at full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and screen-film mammography (SFM) in women who participated in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program in 2002-2008.

Materials And Methods: Social Science Data Services approval was obtained; the requirement for informed consent was waived. Cases were all the interval and screening-detected cancers from 35 127 FFDM and 52 444 SFM examinations in two Norwegian counties.

Gene variations in sex hormone pathways and the risk of testicular germ cell tumour: a case-parent triad study in a Norwegian-Swedish population.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) is the most common cancer in young men, and an imbalance between the estrogen and androgen levels in utero is hypothesized to influence TGCT risk. Thus, polymorphisms in genes involved in the action of sex hormones may contribute to variability in an individual's susceptibility to TGCT.

Methods: We conducted a Norwegian-Swedish case-parent study.

Testicular cancer risk according to county of birth and county of diagnosis in Norway, 1958-2007.

Background: The etiology of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) is still poorly understood, but biological and epidemiological evidence suggest that TGCC originates early in life. The aim of the present study was to analyze heterogeneity in TGCC risk within Norway, comparing county of birth to county of diagnosis, in order to assess the relative contribution of risk factors acting early and later in life. A further aim was to present the Norwegian TGCC incidence rates (1958-2007).

Asymptomatic breast cancer in non-participants of the national screening programme in Norway: a confounding factor in evaluation?

Objective: To evaluate the extent and histopathological characteristics of asymptomatic breast cancer detected outside the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in women targeted by the programme.

Methods: Our study included 568 primary breast cancers (523 invasive and 45 ductal carcinoma in situ) diagnosed in 553 women aged 50-70, residing in Møre og Romsdal County, 2002-2008. The cancers were divided into screening-detected cancers in the NBCSP, interval cancers (ICs) and cancers detected in women not participating in the NBCSP (never participated and lapsed attendees), and further into asymptomatic and symptomatic cancers.

Population-based study of treatment guided by tumor marker decline in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: a report from the Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group.

Purpose: From 1995 to 2003, 603 adult patients from Sweden and Norway with metastatic testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) were included prospectively in a population-based protocol with strict guidelines for staging, treatment, and follow-up. Patients with extragonadal primary tumor or previous treatment for contralateral testicular tumor were excluded. The basic strategy was to individualize treatment according to initial tumor marker response.

Missed and true interval and screen-detected breast cancers in a population based screening program.

Rationale And Objectives: To increase radiologic knowledge, the distribution of mammographic features on prior screening mammograms of missed interval and screen-detected cancers was compared to the distribution on diagnostic mammograms of screen-detected cancers. The same variables were compared on mammograms of discordant and concordant screen-detected cancers.

Materials And Methods: The study was performed in Møre og Romsdal County, Norway, as a part of the quality assurance of the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program.

Management of seminomatous testicular cancer: a binational prospective population-based study from the Swedish norwegian testicular cancer study group.

Purpose: A binational, population-based treatment protocol was established to prospectively treat and follow patients with seminomatous testicular cancer. The aim was to standardize care for all patients with seminoma to further improve the good results expected for this disease.

Patients And Methods: From 2000 to 2006, a total of 1,384 Norwegian and Swedish patients were included in the study.