Understanding the Reducibility of CeO Surfaces by Proton-Electron Transfer from CpCr(CO)H.

CeO is a popular material in heterogeneous catalysis, molecular sensors, and electronics and owes many of its special properties to the redox activity of Ce, present as both Ce and Ce. However, the reduction of CeO with H (thought to occur through proton-electron transfer (PET) giving Ce and new OH bonds) is poorly understood due to the high reduction temperatures necessary and the ill-defined nature of the hydrogen atom sources typically used. We have previously shown that transition-metal hydrides with weak M-H bonds react with reducible metal oxides at room temperature by PET.

Determining the effects of AR/VR HMD design parameters (mass and inertia) on cervical spine joint torques.

This study aimed to determine gravitational and dynamic torques and muscle activity of the neck across a series of design parameters of head mounted displays (mass, center of mass, and counterweights) associated with virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). Twenty young adult participants completed five movement types (Slow and Fast Flexion/Extension and Rotation, and Search) while wearing a custom-designed prototype headset that varied the three design parameters: display mass (0, 200, 500, and 750 g), distance of the display's center of mass in front of the eyes (approximately 1, 3, and 5 cm anteriorly), and counterweights of 0, 166, 332, and 500 g to balance the display mass of 500 g at 7 cm. Inverse dynamics of a link segment model of the head and headset provided estimates of the torques about the joint between the skull and the occiput-first cervical vertebrae (OC1) and joint between the C7 and T1 vertebrae (C7).

Ruthenium Complexes of Polyfluorocarbon Substituted Terpyridine and Mesoionic Carbene Ligands: An Interplay in CO Reduction.

In recent years terpyridines (tpy) and mesoionic carbenes (MIC) have been widely used in metal complexes. With the right combination with a metal center, both of these ligands are individually known to generate excellent catalysts for CO reduction. In this study, we combine the potentials of PFC (PFC=polyfluorocarbon) substituted tpy and MIC ligands within the same platform to obtain a new class of complexes, which we investigated with respect to their structural, electrochemical and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical properties.

Conformational transitions and allosteric modulation in a heteromeric glycine receptor.

Glycine Receptors (GlyRs) provide inhibitory neuronal input in the spinal cord and brainstem, which is critical for muscle coordination and sensory perception. Synaptic GlyRs are a heteromeric assembly of α and β subunits. Here we present cryo-EM structures of full-length zebrafish α1βGlyR in the presence of an antagonist (strychnine), agonist (glycine), or agonist with a positive allosteric modulator (glycine/ivermectin).

Tracheal airway pressure in tracheostomy tube capping trials: an experimental study.

Background: Tracheostomy tube capping is a commonly used test to determine if the tracheostomy tube can be removed. The success of the capping trial depends on the patient's ability to maintain sufficient spontaneous breathing with an occluded tracheostomy tube. The impact of an occluded tracheotomy tube on airway resistance is currently unknown.

Remarkable Enhancement of Catalytic Activity of Cu-Complexes in the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Using Triply Fused Porphyrin.

A bimetallic triply fused copper(II) porphyrin complex (1) was prepared, comprising two monomeric porphyrin units linked through β-β, meso-meso, β'-β' triple covalent linkages and exhibiting remarkable catalytic activity for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in comparison to the analogous monomeric copper(II) porphyrin complex (2). Electrochemical investigations in the presence of a proton source (trifluoroacetic acid) confirmed that the catalytic activity of the fused metalloporphyrin occurred at a significantly lower overpotential (≈320 mV) compared to the non-fused monomer. Controlled potential electrolysis combined with kinetic analysis of catalysts 1 and 2 confirmed production of hydrogen, with 96 and 71 % faradaic efficiencies and turnover numbers of 102 and 18, respectively, with an observed rate constant of around 10  s for the dicopper complex.

Genomic epidemiology of Typhi in Central Division, Fiji, 2012 to 2016.

Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in some Pacific Island Countries including Fiji and Samoa yet genomic surveillance is not routine in such settings. Previous studies suggested imports of the global H58 clade of var Typhi ( Typhi) contribute to disease in these countries which, given the MDR potential of H58, does not auger well for treatment. The objective of the study was to define the genomic epidemiology of Typhi in Fiji.

Application of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology to prioritize research to enable the implementation of Ending Cholera: A global roadmap to 2030.

Background: The "Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 2030" (Roadmap) was launched in October 2017. Following its launch, it became clear that additional evidence is needed to assist countries in controlling cholera and that a prioritized list of research questions is required to focus the limited resources to address the issues most relevant to the implementation of the Roadmap.

Methods: A comprehensive list of research questions was developed based on inputs from the Working Groups of the Global Taskforce for Cholera Control and other experts.

Electrochemical CO reduction toward multicarbon alcohols - The microscopic world of catalysts & process conditions.

Tackling climate change is one of the undoubtedly most important challenges at the present time. This review deals mainly with the chemical aspects of the current status for converting the greenhouse gas CO via electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) to multicarbon alcohols as valuable products. Feasible reaction routes are presented, as well as catalyst synthesis methods such as electrodeposition, precipitation, or sputtering.

Electrochemical CO reduction - The macroscopic world of electrode design, reactor concepts & economic aspects.

For the efficient electrochemical conversion of CO into valuable chemical feedstocks, a well-coordinated interaction of all electrolyzer compartments is required. In addition to the catalyst, whose role is described in detail in the part "Electrochemical CO Reduction toward Multicarbon Alcohols - The Microscopic World of Catalysts & Process Conditions" of this divided review, the general cell setups, design and manufacture of the electrodes, membranes used, and process parameters must be optimally matched. The authors' goal is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on how these aspects affect the overall performance of CO electrolysis.

Innovative vaccine approaches-a Keystone Symposia report.

The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines was the result of decades of research to establish flexible vaccine platforms and understand pathogens with pandemic potential, as well as several novel changes to the vaccine discovery and development processes that partnered industry and governments. And while vaccines offer the potential to drastically improve global health, low-and-middle-income countries around the world often experience reduced access to vaccines and reduced vaccine efficacy. Addressing these issues will require novel vaccine approaches and platforms, deeper insight how vaccines mediate protection, and innovative trial designs and models.

Assembling Metal Organic Layer Composites for High-Performance Electrocatalytic CO Reduction to Formate.

2D metal-organic-framework (MOF) based composites have emerged as promising candidates for electrocatalysis due to their high structural flexibility and fully exposed active sites. Herein, a freestanding metal-organic layer (MOL) with a 2D kgd (kagome dual) lattice was constructed with abundant surface oxygenate groups serving as anchoring sites to immobilize diverse guests. Taking Bi as an example, tetragonal Bi O nanowires can be uniformly grown on MOLs after solvothermal treatment, the structural evolution of which was followed by ex situ electron microscopy.

Coupling electrochemical CO reduction to microbial product generation - identification of the gaps and opportunities.

Reducing the carbon intensity of the chemical industry has become a priority topic. The conversion of CO through combined electrochemical and microbial processes is an attractive perspective for scalable production with a reduced carbon footprint. CO can be electrochemically reduced to several one-carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide, formic acid, and methanol.

Integration of aprotic CO reduction to oxalate at a Pb catalyst into a GDE flow cell configuration.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to oxalic acid in aprotic solvents could be a potential pathway to produce carbon-neutral oxalic acid. One of the challenges in aprotic CO2 reduction are the limited achievable current densities under standard conditions, despite the increased CO2 solubility compared to aqueous applications. The application of aprotic solvents can reduce CO2 rather selectively to oxalate, and faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of up to 80% were achieved in this study with a Pb catalyst in acetonitrile, the FE being mainly dictated by the local CO2 concentration at the electrode.

Safety of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT) with the rigid tracheotomy endoscope (TED): a 6-month follow-up multicenter investigation.

Background: The rigid tracheotomy endoscope (TED) was recently introduced to improve the fiberoptic technique during percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT) in critically ill patients. The aim was to evaluate the long-term complications of PDT using TED equipment in a prospective multicenter investigation.

Methods: One hundred eighty adult patients underwent PDT using TED in four German hospitals.

Leveraging Vaccines to Reduce Antibiotic Use and Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance: A World Health Organization Action Framework.

This Action Framework identifies priority actions to prevent antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) through expanding the use of licensed vaccines, developing new vaccines that contribute to the prevention and control of AMR, and expanding knowledge about the impact of vaccines on AMR.

Population structure and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Typhi isolates in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2004 to 2016.

Background: Multi-drug resistant typhoid fever remains an enormous public health threat in low and middle-income countries. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of the epidemiology and genomics of S. Typhi in many regions.

Mathematical modelling for antibiotic resistance control policy: do we know enough?

Background: Antibiotics remain the cornerstone of modern medicine. Yet there exists an inherent dilemma in their use: we are able to prevent harm by administering antibiotic treatment as necessary to both humans and animals, but we must be mindful of limiting the spread of resistance and safeguarding the efficacy of antibiotics for current and future generations. Policies that strike the right balance must be informed by a transparent rationale that relies on a robust evidence base.

An African Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 sublineage with extensive drug-resistance and signatures of host adaptation.

Bloodstream infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium constitute a major health burden in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). These invasive non-typhoidal (iNTS) infections are dominated by isolates of the antibiotic resistance-associated sequence type (ST) 313. Here, we report emergence of ST313 sublineage II.

Solvents and Supporting Electrolytes in the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO.

Different electrolytes applied in the aqueous electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) considerably influence the catalyst performance. Their concentration, species, buffer capacity, and pH value influence the local reaction conditions and impact the product distribution of the electrocatalyst. Relevant properties of prospective solvents include their basicity, CO solubility, conductivity, and toxicity, which affect the CORR and the applicability of the solvents.

Impact of vaccination on antibiotic usage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vaccines may reduce antibiotic use and the development of resistance.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the evidence base relating to the effect of vaccines on antibiotic use.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.

Rapid transcriptional responses to serum exposure are associated with sensitivity and resistance to antibody-mediated complement killing in invasive Typhimurium ST313.

: Typhimurium ST313 exhibits signatures of adaptation to invasive human infection, including higher resistance to humoral immune responses than gastrointestinal isolates. Full resistance to antibody-mediated complement killing (serum resistance) among nontyphoidal is uncommon, but selection of highly resistant strains could compromise vaccine-induced antibody immunity. Here, we address the hypothesis that serum resistance is due to a distinct genotype or transcriptome response in .