Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Human Burkholderia mallei Infection, Brazil.

We report a case of Burkholderia mallei causing glanders in a 73-year-old patient from the Northeast Region of Brazil. The patient was hospitalized with severe pneumonia. PCR and genomic sequencing confirmed B.

Barriers to and facilitators of populational adherence to prevention and control measures of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Aims: To summarise the evidence on barriers to and facilitators of population adherence to prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory infectious diseases.

Methods: A qualitative synthesis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. We performed an electronic search on MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from their inception to March 2023.

Cognitive Dysfunction of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Older Adults.

Background: Chikungunya fever is a disabling articular disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). In the past decade it has affected millions of people across America, Africa, Asia, and Europe, turning this infection into a public health concern. The acute phase of chikungunya infection is usually self-limiting, characterized by severe arthralgia, fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and rash.

Barriers and facilitators to populational adherence to prevention and control measures of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis protocol.

Introduction: The current COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for populational adherence to measures for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. However, their effectiveness depends on the population's preventive behaviour, which may be divergent from public policies. Therefore, this study aims to summarise and evaluate the evidence on barriers and facilitators to populational adherence to prevention and control measures in COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.

Chikungunya virus ECSA lineage reintroduction in the northeasternmost region of Brazil.

The Northeast region of Brazil registered the second-highest incidence proportion of Chikungunya fever in 2019. In that year, an outbreak consisting of patients presenting with febrile disease associated with joint pain was reported by the public primary health care service in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in March 2019. At first, the aetiological agent of the disease was undetermined.

Update on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations in chikungunya fever: a guideline.

Since the emergence of the chikungunya virus in Brazil in 2014, more than 700,000 cases have been reported throughout the country, corresponding to one-third of all cases reported in the Americas. In addition to its high attack rates, resulting in hundreds of thousands of cases, the disease has high chronicity rates with persistent joint manifestations for more than 3 months, which can spread to more than half of the patients affected in the acute phase. Pain associated with musculoskeletal manifestations, often disabling, has an effect on patients' quality of life at different stages of the disease.

Case Report: Combination Therapy with Liposomal Amphotericin B, N-Methyl Meglumine Antimoniate, and Pentamidine Isethionate for Disseminated Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Splenectomized Adult Patient.

In immunocompromised patients, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can present with atypical clinical symptoms that include poor response to treatment. No optimal therapeutic regimen is available for such cases. In a splenectomized male patient, we observed a disseminated form of the disease in the liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract.

The decline of dengue in the Americas in 2017: discussion of multiple hypotheses.

Objective: Since the 1980s, dengue incidence has increased 30-fold. However, in 2017, there was a noticeable reduction in reported dengue incidence cases within the Americas, including severe and fatal cases. Understanding the mechanism underlying dengue's incidence and decline in the Americas is vital for public health planning.

Combination therapy with liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome), n-methylglucamine antimoniate (glucantime), and pentamidine isethionate in a refractory visceral leishmaniasis case.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic disease that is potentially severe and endemic in Brazil. It clinically manifests as fever, weight loss, swelling, hepatosplenomegaly, paleness, and edema. In this study, we discuss a case of a 1-year-old child diagnosed with refractory visceral leishmaniasis after being treated with liposomal amphotericin B in two distinct occasions.

Management of infection by the Zika virus.

A panel of national experts was convened by the Brazilian Infectious Diseases Society in order to organize the national recommendations for the management of zika virus infection. The focus of this document is the diagnosis, both clinical and laboratorial, and appropriate treatment of the diverse manifestations of this infection, ranging from acute mild disease to Guillain-Barré syndrome and also microcephaly and congenital malformations.

Pathology of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: a case series.

Background: Zika virus is an arthropod-borne virus that is a member of the family Flaviviridae transmitted mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Although usually asymptomatic, infection can result in a mild and self-limiting illness characterised by fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis. An increase in the number of children born with microcephaly was noted in 2015 in regions of Brazil with high transmission of Zika virus.

Secondary transmission of cryptosporidiosis associated with well water consumption: two case studies.

Cryptosporidiosis is a very prominent disease in the field of public health, and usually causes diarrhea. We describe two immunocompetent patients who presented with chronic diarrhea that was ultimately found to be caused by continuous exposure to well water contaminated with the microbial cysts (oocysts) of the Cryptosporidium spp parasite. We describe the patients' histories and possible explanations for their prolonged symptoms.

Zika virus damages the human placental barrier and presents marked fetal neurotropism.

An unusually high incidence of microcephaly in newborns has recently been observed in Brazil. There is a temporal association between the increase in cases of microcephaly and the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic. Viral RNA has been detected in amniotic fluid samples, placental tissues and newborn and fetal brain tissues.

Notes from the Field: Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Brain and Placental Tissues from Two Congenitally Infected Newborns and Two Fetal Losses--Brazil, 2015.

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is related to dengue virus and transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, with humans acting as the principal amplifying host during outbreaks. Zika virus was first reported in Brazil in May 2015 (1). By February 9, 2016, local transmission of infection had been reported in 26 countries or territories in the Americas.

Mycobacterium fortuitum-related lymphadenitis associated with the varicella-zoster virus.

Lymphadenitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria is an uncommon manifestation in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we report a case of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection in a previously healthy 9-year-old patient who developed cervical lymphadenitis evolving to a suppurative ulcer associated with a varicella-zoster virus infection. We discuss the relationship between the varicella-zoster virus and the immune response of the host as an explanation for the unusual progression of the case.

Acute primary actinomycosis involving the hard palate of a diabetic patient.

Actinomycosis is a relatively rare infection caused by saprophytic bacteria of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract that can become pathogenic. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus induces events that promote structural changes in various tissues and are associated with problems in wound healing. This infection remains largely unknown to most clinicians because of its different presentations, and palatal involvement is extremely rare.

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis in a diabetic patient.

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis is the most frequent form of fungal infection caused by members of the Zygomycetes class. A fatal case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus (oryzae) arrhizus with histopathological and mycological diagnosis is reported in a diabetic patient.

Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis.

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL.

Presence of antibodies against Leishmania chagasi in haemodialysed patients.

In the last decades there has been an increase in cases of visceral leishmaniasis complicating the post-transplant phase, mainly following kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reactivity of haemodialysed patients using IFAT. Blood samples of 310 individuals from Natal, RN, Brazil, were collected and analysed.

Reversible vanishing bile duct syndrome induced by carbamazepine.

Carbamazepine, a widely used anticonvulsant, can induce hepatotoxicity, usually evolving with an acute hepatitis that ceases after drug withdrawal. Carbamazepine-induced vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a rare complication and has seldom been reported in the medical literature. This report presents a case of a 26-year-old male who had onset of epilepsy at 12 months of age and was initially treated with phenobarbital.