Incidence and clinical features of inguinal metastases of testicular germ cell tumors.

Introduction Half of all patients with testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) present with metastases to retroperitoneal lymph nodes or visceral organs. Inguinal metastases (I/M) are very rare. We aimed to evaluate the relative frequency and clinical features of I/M and to look for predisposing factors.

Pre-orchiectomy semen analysis in patients with testicular germ cell tumours and comparison with healthy men and with patients with other malignancies.

Purpose Subfertility is a well-known aftermath of treatment of testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs). Growing evidence suggests reduced semen quality also before therapy. The present study aimed to evaluate pre-orchiectomy semen parameters in GCT patients and to compare the results with controls.

A Unique Case of Bilateral Testicular Tumours: Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumour and Contralateral Spermatocytic Tumour 27 Years Apart.

Introduction: Bilateral testicular tumours occur in 3-5% of all cases with testicular neoplasms. In the majority of cases, histology of the two new growths is identical. The time interval between the two neoplastic events rarely exceeds 10 years.

[New tumor markers for testicular cancer - in the here and now and in the future].

Germ cell tumors of the testis are the most common tumor entities in young men. Since the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy in the 1970s, most patients can be cured despite the aggressiveness of germ cell tumors. Optimal serum tumor markers are required for diagnostics, therapy monitoring and aftercare, and these are subject to high requirements.

[Testicular Germ Cell Tumours - features and prospects of the novel tumour marker microRNA-371a-3p (M371 test): a narrative review].

Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent a paradigm for the usefulness of serum tumour markers in clinical management of diseases. However, the tumour markers currently in use, beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are expressed in less than 50% of GCT cases. In 2011, microRNA-371a-3p (currently named M371) was suggested as a novel marker for the first time.

Serum Levels of MicroRNA-371a-3p for Predicting the Histology of Postchemotherapy Residual Masses of Germ Cell Tumours.

Background And Objective: Serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) represent a novel and sensitive biomarker of germ cell tumours (GCTs). This study analysed the utility of M371 to identify viable cancer (VC) in postchemotherapy (pc) residual masses with the underlying goal of avoiding overtreatment.

Methods: A multicentric, prospective diagnostic study was conducted in 180 GCT patients undergoing pc resection of residual masses.

Paraneoplastic Hyperthyroidism in Advanced Testicular Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: Prevalence and Clinical Management.

Introduction: Paraneoplastic hyperthyroidism (PH) has been reported in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs), sporadically. This disorder is caused by extremely elevated serum levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG). To date, little is known about the prevalence of PH, and its clinical features are poorly understood.

Myoid gonadal stromal tumor of the testis-the novel subtype of testicular gonadal stromal tumors: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Sex cord gonadal stromal tumors compose less than 10% of all testicular neoplasms and consist of a variety of histological subtypes. In 2016, the World Health Organization introduced a novel subtype, the myoid gonadal stromal tumor, that consists of spindle-shaped cells with immunohistologic features of muscle cells. Only few cases have been reported to date.

Subsets of preoperative sex hormones in testicular germ cell cancer: a retrospective multicenter study.

Preoperative homeostasis of sex hormones in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients is scarcely characterized. We aimed to explore regulation of sex hormones and their implications for histopathological parameters and prognosis in TGCT using a data-driven explorative approach. Pre-surgery serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and prolactin were measured in a retrospective multicenter TGCT cohort (n = 518).

MicroRNA-371a-3p-The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

Introduction: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a paradigm for the use of serum tumor markers in clinical management. However, conventional markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have quite limited sensitivities and specificities. Within the last decade, the microRNA-371a-3p (miR371) emerged as a possible new biomarker with promising features.

Unilateral, Small, Benign, Late-Onset, Large-Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor: A Case Report.

Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCST) is a rare, testicular sex cord, gonadal stromal tumor that belongs to the histological subgroup of Sertoli cell tumors. LCCSTs may involve malignant potential. However, metastasis is a rare phenomenon.

Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumor in Two Brothers With Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Caused by an FHL-1 Mutation: A Case Report.

Testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) is a rare disease, accounting for no more than 1.5% of all neoplasms in males, but represents the most common tumors in adolescents and young men in Western countries. There is also consensus about the involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of testicular GCT.

No evidence for seasonal variations of the incidence of testicular germ cell tumours in Germany.

The pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) is still incompletely understood. Any progress in its understanding must derive from observational studies. Recently, it has been suggested that the incidence of GCTs may follow a seasonal pattern based on circannual changes in the Vitamin D serum levels, with maximum incidence rates in winter months.

Tertiary Syphilitic Gumma Mimicking Testicular Neoplasms.

Palpable testicular masses in men aged 20 to 50 years usually represent testicular germ cell tumors. Diagnostic work-up involves ultrasound examination as well as serum tumor markers alpha fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase, and particularly the novel marker M371. Orchidectomy is mandatory for germ cell tumors.

Testicular neoplasms: the interrelationships of serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) and classical tumor markers with histology, clinical staging, and age-a statistical analysis.

Purpose: In testicular neoplasms, the interrelationship of elevations of the novel serum tumor marker microRNA-371a-3p (M371) and traditional markers with other clinical features is still incompletely understood. The present study evaluated marker expression rates in relation to various other clinical parameters.

Methods: The following data were retrospectively registered from 641 consecutive patients with testicular neoplasms: histology, such as seminoma (n = 365), nonseminoma (n = 179), benign tumor (n = 79), other malignant tumor (n = 18); patients age (years); clinical stage (CS1, CS2a/b, CS2c, CS3); and preoperative elevation of beta HCG, AFP, LDH, M371 (yes/no).

Testicular germ cell tumour arising 15 years after radiotherapy with 18 Gy for germ cell neoplasia in situ.

Purpose: Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNis), the precursor of adult testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs), is found in 5-6% of contralateral testicles in patients with testicular GCT and in the tumour-surrounding tissue of > 90% of testes undergoing testis-sparing surgery (TSS) for GCT. Local radiotherapy to the testis with 18-20 Gy eradicates GCNis while preserving Leydig cells. The frequency of treatment failures is so far unknown.

Testicular Neoplasms: Primary Tumour Size Is Closely Interrelated with Histology, Clinical Staging, and Tumour Marker Expression Rates-A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis.

The role of primary tumour size (TS) in the clinical course of testicular tumours is incompletely understood. We retrospectively evaluated 641 consecutive patients with testicular neoplasms with regard to TS, histology, clinical stage (CS), serum tumour marker (STM) expression and patient age using descriptive statistical methods. TS ≤ 10 mm was encountered in 13.

Testicular germ cell tumours' clinical stage I: comparison of surveillance with adjuvant treatment strategies regarding recurrence rates and overall survival-a systematic review.

Purpose: Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent the most common malignancy in young adult males with two thirds of all cases presenting with clinical stage I (CSI). Active surveillance is the management modality mostly favoured by current guidelines. This systematic review assesses the treatment results in CSI patients concerning recurrence rate and overall survival in non-seminoma (NS) and pure seminoma (SE) resulting from surveillance in comparison to adjuvant strategies.

Serum Levels of MicroRNA-371a-3p (M371) Can Predict Absence or Presence of Vital Disease in Residual Masses After Chemotherapy of Metastatic Seminoma.

Background: Radiological evaluation of postchemotherapy residual masses of metastatic seminoma is characterized by poor diagnostic accuracy. Serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) involve high specificity and sensitivity for the primary diagnosis of seminoma. We evaluated if M371 levels can indicate the presence of vital disease in postchemotherapy residual masses in patients with metastatic seminoma.

Single-course bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (1xBEP) as adjuvant treatment in testicular nonseminoma clinical stage 1: outcome, safety, and risk factors for relapse in a population-based study.

Introduction: Clinical stage 1 (CS1) nonseminomatous (NS) germ cell tumors involve a 30% probability of relapse upon surveillance. Adjuvant chemotherapy with one course of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (1xBEP) can reduce this risk to <5%. However, 1xBEP results are based solely on five controlled trials from high-volume centers.

Contemporary options and future perspectives: three examples highlighting the challenges in testicular cancer imaging.

Purpose: One of the main issues in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) management is to reduce the necessary amount of treatment to achieve cure. Excess treatment burden may arise from late diagnosis of the primary as well as from false positive or negative staging results. Correct imaging is of paramount importance for successful management of TGCT.