Extended versus limited lymph node dissection in radical cystectomy: impact on recurrence pattern and survival.

Objectives: To compare recurrence patterns and survival of patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder undergoing radical cystectomy and extended or limited lymph node dissection.

Methods: From a consecutive series of 469 patients undergoing radical cystectomy, two different historical cohorts were constructed; one with 265 patients intentionally undergoing extended lymph node dissection and one with 204 patients undergoing limited lymph node dissection.

Results: Early lymph node recurrences were more frequently located outside the pelvic region in patients from the extended lymph node dissection cohort, whereas the overall risk of recurrence was not reduced by carrying out an extended lymph node dissection compared with the limited lymph node dissection cohort (8% vs 6%, P = 0.

Prognostic value of lymph-node dissection in patients undergoing radical cystectomy following previous oncological treatment for bladder cancer.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of lymph-node dissection (LND) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) following previous oncological treatment.

Material And Methods: Perioperative findings and recurrence patterns of 46 patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer were evaluated. Twenty-six patients underwent salvage cystectomy because of local bladder cancer recurrence following intended curative external beam radiotherapy; 20 patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy because of non-regional lymph-node metastases (10 patients), clinically fixed primary tumour (cT4b) (eight patients) or pulmonary metastases (two patients).

Long-term risk of progression of carcinoma in situ of the bladder and impact of bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy on the outcome.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the long-term risk of cancer progression of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder, and whether intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy can reduce the risk of progression of CIS.

Material And Methods: From a prospectively enrolled cohort of bladder cancer patients treated at Ã…rhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark, between 1994 and 2008, all 163 cases with CIS in the bladder, and a history free of invasive bladder cancer (stage T1-4) at least 1 year prior to inclusion were included in the study.

Results: Median follow-up was 51 (0-253) months for progression.

Incidence of occult lymph-node metastasis missed by standard pathological examination in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Objective: The aim was to conduct an exploratory study of the ability of standard pathological examination (SPE) of lymph nodes (LNs) to detect metastasis in LN specimens from patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).

Material And Methods: From a cystectomy database, 10 LN-negative patients with invasive bladder cancer were randomly selected based on their Tstage (two T1, four T2 and four T3). LN specimens were step sectioned and stained by immunohistochemistry to identify occult metastases missed by the SPE.

High expression of karyopherin-α2 defines poor prognosis in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and in patients with invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Background: Conventional clinicopathologic risk factors have failed to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer (BC).

Objective: To evaluate karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2) expression as a progression marker in patients with non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) treated by conservative methods and as a prognostic marker in patients with invasive BC undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Two different tissue microarrays were constructed, one with 234 primary Ta/T1 tumours from patients treated by transurethral resection of the bladder and one with 377 tumours from RC patients.

Size and volume of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in pelvis and lower abdomen in patients with carcinoma of the bladder undergoing radical cystectomy.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the usability of size and volume of lymph nodes (LNs) in the pelvis and lower abdomen to predict metastatic disease in patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Material And Methods: LNs retrieved from 177 patients undergoing radical cystectomy and extended LN dissection were prospectively registered with number, location, presence of metastatic disease, longitudinal length, transverse diameter and a calculated LN volume.

Results: A mean of 21.

Terminal patients with urinary diversion: are there specific treatment or nursing care problems in the primary healthcare sector?

Objective: To investigate the treatment and nursing care problems related to the type of urinary diversion in terminal patients experienced by the primary healthcare sector.

Methods: A questionnaire about treatment and nursing care problems related to urinary diversion was sent to general practitioners (GPs) and district nurse units (DNUs) that had been in contact with 1 of 71 patients who died following cystectomy in a 5-year period. The patients had 1 of 3 types of urinary diversion: ileal conduit (IC), Indiana pouch (IP), or Hautmann orthotopic neobladder (NB).

Chromosomal imbalance in the progression of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Non-muscle invasive bladder neoplasms with invasion of the lamina propria (stage T1) or high grade of dysplasia are at "high risk" of progression to life-threatening cancer. However, the individual course is difficult to predict. Chromosomal instability (CI) is associated with high tumor stage and grade, and possibly with the risk of progression.

Estimation of the true number of lymph nodes in lymphadenectomy specimens from radical cystectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity of conventional pathological examination of lymphadenectomy specimens regarding identification of lymph nodes.

Material And Methods: Fifteen cystectomy specimens with separate package lymphadenectomy specimens from patients with invasive carcinoma of the bladder were subjected to conventional pathological examination followed by paraffin embedding and sectioning of all remaining fatty tissue. Identification of additional lymph nodes missed by the initial investigation was registered.

Sentinel lymph-node biopsy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

Objectives: To evaluate a single-centre experience with sentinel lymph-node biopsy (SLNB) as a staging procedure in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis.

Patients And Methods: The study included 60 patients with SCC of the penis, who had SLNB in all groins where no palpable nodes were found, and in groins with palpable nodes with negative fine-needle aspiration cytology. Lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative lymph node detection was done using (99m)Tc-nanocolloid and no use of blue dye.

[Function of neobladders in women after cystectomy].

Introduction: Since 1999, Rigshospitalet (RH) and Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby (SKS) have been offering women an orthotopic neobladder following cystectomy. The aim of the present study was to describe the function of the neobladders in women by examining continence and voiding function. Cancer stage, cancer recurrence, complications and mortality are also described.

[Cystectomy in Denmark 2000-2005].

Introduction: The organization and results after cystectomy in Denmark are unknown.

Materials And Methods: Based upon the Danish National Hospital Register and discharge notes, postoperative hospitalization, readmission within 30 days, re-operations and mortality after cystectomy in Denmark in the period January 1, 2000-December 31, 2005 were assessed.

Results: There were 995 cystectomies with a median postoperative hospital stay of 18.

Complications and neobladder function of the Hautmann orthotopic ileal neobladder.

Objective: To report the complications and function of the Hautmann orthotopic ileal neobladder .

Patients And Methods: In a 6.5-year period, 67 patients had an ileal neobladder constructed after radical cystectomy as treatment for invasive carcinoma of the bladder.

SOX4 expression in bladder carcinoma: clinical aspects and in vitro functional characterization.

The human transcription factor SOX4 was 5-fold up-regulated in bladder tumors compared with normal tissue based on whole-genome expression profiling of 166 clinical bladder tumor samples and 27 normal urothelium samples. Using a SOX4-specific antibody, we found that the cancer cells expressed the SOX4 protein and, thus, did an evaluation of SOX4 protein expression in 2,360 bladder tumors using a tissue microarray with clinical annotation. We found a correlation (P < 0.

Role of activating fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutations in the development of bladder tumors.

Purpose: Bladder tumors develop through different molecular pathways. Recent reports suggest activating mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene as marker for the "papillary" pathway with good prognosis, in contrast to the more malignant "carcinoma in situ" (CIS) pathway. The aim of this clinical follow-up study was to investigate the role of FGFR3 mutations in bladder cancer development in a longitudinal study.

Impact of finasteride treatment on perioperative bleeding before transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized study.

In this preliminary, randomized study, 35 men were pretreated for 3 months with finasteride or placebo before transurethral resection of the prostate. The study was inconclusive because it did not show any benefit in terms of reducing perioperative bleeding during or after the resection but there is a need for a large, prospective, randomized study.

Clinical experience with the Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis: report on 65 patients.

Objective: To evaluate the complications and prosthesis survival associated with implantation of the Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Material And Methods: Between August 1995 and March 2003, 65 patients underwent implantation of a Mentor Alpha-1 IPP at the Urological Departments of Skejby or Aalborg University Hospitals. Patient data were obtained retrospectively from medical files.

Patient and partner satisfaction with the Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis.

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction level of patients and partners after implantation of a Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Material And Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 46 patients who had been operated on for ED with implantation of a Mentor Alpha-1 IPP. The investigation was designed to evaluate patient and partner satisfaction.

[Nocturia. A common, but overlooked problem].

Nocturia is defined as waking at night to empty the bladder (1), irrespective of the number of times. Research has shown that it has a multifactorial aetiology and the need to wake up to urinate is probably because of an overproduction of urine or a reduced ability to store urine. Nocturia can occur at any age, but is particularly common in the elderly of both sexes.