GNAQ Q209R Mutations Are Highly Specific for Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma.

Several tumors, including uveal melanoma, show somatic mutations of . Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma is a benign tumor that becomes symptomatic in adulthood. In some patients, morphologic examination of biopsies is required for differential diagnosis between amelanotic choroidal melanoma and circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Chromosome 3 is a valid marker for prognostic testing of biopsy material from uveal melanoma later treated by brachytherapy.

Purpose: Monosomy 3 (M3) in uveal melanoma (UM) obtained after enucleation is significantly associated with metastatic death. With improved biopsy techniques, samples from patients treated with eye-preserving methods have become available. As the choice of treatment depends on tumour size, patients treated with eye-preserving brachytherapy tend to have smaller tumours.

Immunohistochemical evidence of BMP-2, -4 and -7 activity in otospongiosis.

Conclusion: This study is the first to show that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2, -4 and -7 play a role in active phase otosclerotic bone remodelling (otospongiosis).

Objectives: The role of BMPs in various tissue growth and repair mechanisms is an ongoing topic in the literature. BMP-2, -4 and -7 are known to be of major importance in bone formation and repair.

Signaling by way of type IB and II bone morphogenetic protein receptors regulates bone formation in otospongiosis.

Hypothesis: The main goal of this study was to perform an immunohistologic analysis of bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR) in otospongiosis.

Background: BMP-2, -4, and -7 play an essential role in bone formation and repair. They do so as well in otosclerosis.

Mixed chimerism of cardiomyocytes and vessels after allogeneic bone marrow and stem-cell transplantation in comparison with cardiac allografts.

Controversy persists about mixed chimerism (mCh) occurring in the hearts of patients after orthotopic cardiac transplantation in comparison with allogeneic bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood stem-cell (PBSC) transplants. Cadaver hearts were examined after sex-mismatched transplantation by immunophenotyping combined with dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (X and Y chromosome-specific probes). A striking disparity in the extent of mCh depending on the different transplantation procedures was recognizable.