How to Secure Valid Quantizations.

Canonical quantization has created many valid quantizations that require infinite-line coordinate variables. However, the half-harmonic oscillator, which is limited to the positive coordinate half, cannot receive a valid canonical quantization because of the reduced coordinate space. Instead, affine quantization, which is a new quantization procedure, has been deliberately designed to handle the quantization of problems with reduced coordinate spaces.

Macrophages, Low-Grade Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia: A Mutual Ambiguous Relationship in the Development of Metabolic Diseases.

Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia.

A Smooth Path between the Classical Realm and the Quantum Realm.

A simple example of classical physics may be defined as classical variables, and , and quantum physics may be defined as quantum operators, and . The classical world of p&q, as it is currently understood, is truly disconnected from the quantum world, as it is currently understood. The process of quantization, for which there are several procedures, aims to promote a classical issue into a related quantum issue.

Enhanced Palmitate-Induced Interleukin-8 Formation in Human Macrophages by Insulin or Prostaglandin E.

Macrophages in pathologically expanded dysfunctional white adipose tissue are exposed to a mix of potential modulators of inflammatory response, including fatty acids released from insulin-resistant adipocytes, increased levels of insulin produced to compensate insulin resistance, and prostaglandin E (PGE) released from activated macrophages. The current study addressed the question of how palmitate might interact with insulin or PGE to induce the formation of the chemotactic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Human THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages.

Direct and indirect modulation of LPS-induced cytokine production by insulin in human macrophages.

Overweight and obesity are accompanied by insulin resistance, impaired intestinal barrier function resulting in increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and a low-grade chronic inflammation that results in macrophage activation. Macrophages produce a range of interleukins as well as prostaglandin E (PGE). To cope with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia develops.

Family of solvable generalized random-matrix ensembles with unitary symmetry.

We construct a very general family of characteristic functions describing random matrix ensembles (RME) having a global unitary invariance, and containing an arbitrary, one-variable probability measure, which we characterize by a "spread function." Various choices of the spread function lead to a variety of possible generalized RMEs, which show deviations from the well-known Gaussian RME originally proposed by Wigner. We obtain the correlation functions of such generalized ensembles exactly and show examples of how particular choices of the spread function can describe ensembles with arbitrary eigenvalue densities as well as critical ensembles with multifractality.

New asymptotics for old wave equations.

Wave equations govern the propagation of acoustical or optical fields in diverse physical settings of interest to oceanographers, geologists, atmospheric scientists, among others. For wavelengths much smaller than all other length scales in the system the wave equation solution is generally expressed as a superposition of waveforms, each of which is determined by properties of the rays of geometrical acoustics or optics. Typically such solutions are accurate except in the vicinity of one or another caustic surface such as those defined as a surface across which a jump in the number of rays tracing through each point occurs.

Continuous and discontinuous perturbations.

Perturbations of quantum systems ranging from oscillators to fields can be either continuous or discontinuous functions of the coupling. Even nonrenormalizable fields may now find a natural interpretation.