Correction to: The child and adolescent psychiatry: study of training in Europe (CAP‑STATE).

The original article has been corrected.

Improving collaboration between primary care and mental health services.

Previous guidelines and planning documents have identified the key role primary care providers play in delivering mental health care, including the recommendation from the WHO that meeting the mental health needs of the population in many low and middle income countries will only be achieved through greater integration of mental health services within general medical settings. This position paper aims to build upon this work and present a global framework for enhancing mental health care delivered within primary care. This paper synthesizes previous guidelines, empirical data from the literature and experiences of the authors in varied clinical settings to identify core principles and the key elements of successful collaboration, and organizes these into practical guidelines that can be adapted to any setting.

Mental health problems of young refugees: duration of settlement, risk factors and community-based interventions.

Little is known about the characteristics of young psychologically-distressed refugees in mental health services, and how they vary according to the duration of settlement. This study of 102 young refugees referred to a community-based mental health service describes past adversities and current circumstances, referral problems, service utilization and treatment outcomes using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The more recently-arrived refugees had significantly higher levels of close exposure to war and violence, were more likely to have suffered separation from immediate family and to have insecure legal status.

What works where? A systematic review of child and adolescent mental health interventions for low and middle income countries.

Purpose: Child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems are common and serious all over the world and are linked to pre-mature deaths and serious dysfunction in adult life. Effective interventions have been developed in high income countries (HIC), but evidence from low income settings is scarce and scattered. The aim of this paper is to identify the most promising interventions in the area of global CAMH.

Prognostic impact of meningeal dissemination in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL): experience from the G-PCNSL-SG1 trial.

Background: We evaluated the frequency and prognostic impact of meningeal dissemination (MD) in immunocompetent adult patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated in a randomized phase III trial.

Patients And Methods: MD was evaluated at study entry and defined by lymphoma proof in the meningeal compartment detected by at least one of the following methods: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytomorphology, detection of clonal B cells by IgH PCR in CSF or contrast enhancement of the leptomeninges on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results: Data on MD were available in 415 patients, of those, MD was detected in 65 (15.

DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin as indicator for in vitro sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells.

Background: The DNA damage by platinum cytostatics is thought to be the main cause of their cytotoxicity. Therefore the measurement of the DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin should reflect the sensitivity of cancer cells toward the platinum chemotherapeutics.

Methods: DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin in primary cells of ovarian carcinomas was determined by the alkaline comet assay.

Meningeal dissemination in primary CNS lymphoma: prospective evaluation of 282 patients.

Background: The impact of meningeal dissemination in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is debated, and the reported frequency varies. We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic value of PCR in comparison with CSF cytomorphology and MRI for diagnosing meningeal dissemination in PCNSL.

Methods: We evaluated 282 patients from a multicenter therapy study for PCNSL for the presence of meningeal dissemination: 205 with CSF cytomorphology, 171 with PCR of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes in CSF, and 217 with cranial MRI.

Detection of subclinical systemic disease in primary CNS lymphoma by polymerase chain reaction of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes.

Purpose: To search for subclinical systemic disease in bone marrow and peripheral blood in patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) to elucidate whether extracerebral relapse may represent a sequel of initial occult systemic disease rather than true extracerebral spread.

Patients And Methods: Bone marrow and peripheral-blood specimens of 24 PCNSL patients were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for analysis of clonally rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) genes.

Results: Identical dominant PCR products were found in bone marrow aspirates, blood samples, and tumor biopsy specimens of two patients, indicating that the same tumor cell population is present in the CNS and in extracerebral sites.

Prospective trial on topotecan salvage therapy in primary CNS lymphoma.

Background: Standard salvage therapy has not been established for recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We report the final results of a prospective study on topotecan chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory PCNSL.

Patients And Methods: The study included 27 patients with a median age of 51 years and an ECOG performance status of 2.

[Better health care for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Recently Donker et al. reported a massive rise in the prescription of methylphenidate by general practitioners in the northeast of The Netherlands. On comparing their results with national and international guidelines on the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) it would appear that medication is not always being prescribed to the correct group of children i.

Response of relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) to topotecan.

The authors treated 16 immunocompetent patients with refractory or relapsed primary CNS lymphoma with topotecan. Fifteen patients had been pretreated with up to three chemotherapy regimens, three of them additionally with whole brain irradiation (WBI), and one with WBI alone. Four complete remissions and two partial remissions were achieved.

[German version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-German)--overview and evaluation of initial validation and normative results].

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a short behavioural screening questionnaire which can be completed in about five minutes by parents and teachers of 4- to 16-year-olds or as self-report by 11- to 16-year-olds. The English original has already been fully evaluated and is widely used in research and clinical practice. The instrument was translated into German in 1997, and several evaluative studies have since been completed.

[Normal values and evaluation of the German parents' version of Strengths and DIfficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): Results of a representative field study].

Objective: The (SDQ) is a short questionnaire which addresses positive and negative behavioural attributes of children or adolescents. Being rated by parents or teachers, or as an equivalent self-report version, the 25 SDQ items were designed to include both strengths and difficulties. Although several reports have demonstrated the validity of the German SDQ, normative data have not yet been established.

Interrater reliability for the basic categories of the AO/ASIF's system as a frame of reference for classifying distal radial fractures.

This study is about agreement on the assignment into the three basic classes or categories (A, B, C) of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation's (AO/ASIF) classification system for distal radial fractures. A random sample of 124 distal radial fractures was classified by two experienced observers. Their agreement was calculated according to Cohen's kappa statistic.

Comparing the German versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu) and the Child Behavior Checklist.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief behavioural screening questionnaire that can be completed in about 5 minutes by the parents and teachers of 4-16 year olds. The scores of the English version correlate well with those of the considerably longer Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The present study compares the German versions of the questionnaires.

Clinicians' recognition of 10 different types of distal radial fractures.

This study concerned baseline performance in recognition of 10 different types of distal radial fractures. Verbal tasks of admitting knowing about fractures and Visual tasks were designed for each fracture type. The Verbal task of admitting knowing consisted of a description with the relevant distinctive features of the fracture.

Acetabular fractures in children and adolescents.

A retrospective study of 29 acetabular fractures in children 2 to 16 years of age with an average followup of 14 years is presented. Nineteen patients had an additional dislocation of the femoral head and 14 patients had an associated neurologic injury. Surgical treatment was performed in 16 patients and consisted of open reduction and internal fixation in 14 patients and a simple arthrotomy in two patients.

Parents and GPs at cross-purposes over hyperactivity: a qualitative study of possible barriers to treatment.

Background: Although childhood hyperactivity is a common, serious, and treatable disorder, most affected children in Britain do not receive effective treatment.

Aim: To investigate the views that parents and GPs hold about hyperactivity, and to explore how far these views, and clashes between these views, influence access to services.

Method: Qualitative study making use of semi-structured interviews with 10 general practitioners (GPs) and 29 parents of hyperactive children drawn from parents' groups, community services, and specialist clinics.

A name, what's in a name? The medicalization of hyperactivity, revisited.

Although attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder has in recent years become one of the most common psychiatric problems diagnosed in children, its status as a medical disorder remains controversial, especially in Britain. This study examines the experience of parents and doctors dealing with hyperactive children, focusing in particular on the process of medicalization. It alms at understanding what is at stake for families and doctors and asks about the role of a medical label in the therapeutic process.

A review on the nonoperative removal of necrotic tissue from burn wounds.

The study of nonoperative debridement of burns got underway during the Second World War. A large number of substances such as enzymes of plant origin, acids and proteolytic enzymes of bacterial origin were examined since. The proteolytic enzymes derived from filtrates of C.