The influence of antibiotic treatment on the behavior and gut microbiome of adult rats neonatally insulted with lipopolysaccharide.

The present study investigated whether neonatal exposure to the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by an antibiotic (ATB)-induced dysbiosis in early adulthood could induce neurodevelopmental disorders-like behavioral changes in adult male rats. Combining these two stressors resulted in decreased weight gain, but no significant behavioral abnormalities were observed. LPS treatment resulted in adult rats' hypoactivity and induced anxiety-like behavior in the social recognition paradigm, but these behavioral changes were not exacerbated by ATB-induced gut dysbiosis.

Interactions of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 and Cyclophilin D in Alzheimer's Disease.

The nucleus-encoded 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) regulates cyclophilin D (cypD) in the mitochondrial matrix. CypD regulates opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Both mechanisms may be affected by amyloid β peptides accumulated in mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Acute and Chronic Sleep Deprivation-Related Changes in N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor-Nitric Oxide Signalling in the Rat Cerebral Cortex with Reference to Aging and Brain Lateralization.

Aging and chronic sleep deprivation (SD) are well-recognized risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and downstream nitric oxide (NO) signalling implicated in the process. Herein, we investigate the impact of the age- and acute or chronic SD-dependent changes on the expression of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) and on the activities of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms in the cortex of Wistar rats, with reference to cerebral lateralization. In young adult controls, somewhat lateralized seasonal variations in neuronal and endothelial NOS have been observed.

Congenital anomalies in children born in the Czech Republic in 1994-2015.

ÚVOD Populace je v současné vystavena různým zevním vlivům, ze kterých mohou vyplývat i různá zdravotní rizika. Jedním z možných je i riziko vzniku vrozené vady (VV). Z hlediska studia zdravotního stavu populace je důležitá znalost nejen průměrných celkových incidencí VV, ale i případných změn těchto incidencí v průběhu času.

Surface tension and intrinsic amyloid fluorescence of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples in Alzheimer´s disease.

Aim: Surface tension of biological fluids can be influenced by changes in oligomerization or aggregation of surfactant peptides or proteins. Amphiphilic peptides of amyloid-β or other amyloidogenic peptides/proteins display properties of surfactants, oligomerization and aggregation increase also their fluorescence intensity compared with native structures. Results/methodology: We estimated surface tension and native/ThioflavinT-based/intrinsic amyloid fluorescence intensity in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples for their evalution as diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer´s disease (AD).

Levels of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in CSF are not a valuable biomarker for multiple sclerosis.

Aim: We aimed to characterize the role of mitochondrial 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) overexpression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to evaluate its use as a biomarker. Materials & methods: We estimated levels of 17β-HSD10, amyloid β 1-42, cyclophilin D, 17β-HSD10-cyclophilin D complexes or 17β-HSD10-parkin complexes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.

Results: The increase in 17β-HSD10 levels or in 17β-HSD10-parkin complexes and links to leukocytes were found only in relapsing-remitting MS.

Trans-generational neurochemical modulation of methamphetamine in the adult brain of the Wistar rat.

Chronic methamphetamine (METH) abuse has been shown to elicit strong neurotoxic effects. Yet, with an increasing number of children born to METH abusing mothers maturing into adulthood, one important question is how far do the neurotoxic effects of METH alter various neurotransmitter systems in the adult METH-exposed offspring. The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term trans-generational neurochemical changes, following prenatal METH exposure, in the adult Wistar rat brain.

Sex-Dependent Changes in Striatal Dopamine Transport in Preadolescent Rats Exposed Prenatally and/or Postnatally to Methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine (MA) is the most commonly used psychostimulant drug, the chronic abuse of which leads to neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The global use of MA is increasing, including in pregnant women. Since MA can cross both placental and haematoencephalic barriers and is also present in maternal milk, children of chronically abused mothers are exposed prenatally as well as postnatally.

Levels of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Various Types of Dementias.

Background: Overexpression of the mitochondrial enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10, which is also known as the intracellular amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) binding protein) is observed in cortical or hippocampal regions of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It appears that 17β-HSD10 may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Objective: We investigated the possibility that levels of 17β-HSD10 in cerebrospinal fluid could be a prospective biomarker of AD.

[Prevalence of selected congenital anomalies in the Czech Republic: congenital anomalies of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract].

Objective: Analysis of the prevalence of selected congenital anomalies in the Czech Republic in 1994-2009.

Design: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of the postnatal and overall (including prenatally diagnosed cases) prevalence of congenital anomalies from the database of the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies of the Czech Republic.

Material And Methods: Data from the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies (NRCA) maintained by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS CR) were used.

Age-related differences in NMDA receptor subunits of prenatally methamphetamine-exposed male rats.

There is accumulating evidence that methamphetamine (MA) is a widely abused drug popular among pregnant women. MA exposure is associated with changes in the function of neurotransmitter systems, namely the dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems. Since N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) are affected by MA-induced glutamate release, we assessed the expression of NMDAR subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), which is connected with NMDAR.

Does impedance measure a functional state of the body fat?

The aim was to compare methods of body fat measurement in different BMI groups. An additional aim was to discuss differences reflecting the structural and functional changes of fat tissue. The study group included 130 adult Caucasian women stratified by body mass index (BMI): 18-24.

[Incidence of congenital heart defects in the Czech Republic--current data].

Aim Of Study: An analysis of incidence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in the Czech Republic in the 1994 - 2008 period. An assessment of absolute numbers, frequencies and incidences for particular selected diagnoses according to 10th decennial revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). An analysis of pre- and postnatal incidences of selected diagnoses and of a secondary prevention measures efficiency in the Czech Republic.

Attenuated antiaggregation effects of magnetite nanoparticles in cerebrospinal fluid of people with Alzheimer's disease.

It is well known that oligomeric/aggregated amyloid β peptides are a key player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and that different nanoparticles influence oligomerization/aggregation processes in experiments in vitro. Our previous results demonstrated antiaggregation effects of magnetite nanoparticles in the case of protein lysozyme, however, they have yet to be supported by biological samples containing peptides/proteins preaggregated in vivo. In the study, Thioflavin T based fluorescence was evaluated on cerebrospinal fluid samples from people with Alzheimer's disease/multiple sclerosis and corresponding age-related controls using magnetite nanoparticles incubated for 24 h.

Olfactory dysfunction in narcolepsy with and without cataplexy.

Background: Not only patients in whom REM behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with narcolepsy, but also those with narcolepsy alone are reported to have olfactory dysfunction. We investigated if hyposmia is specific to narcolepsy with cataplexy (N-C) or if narcolepsy without cataplexy (NwC) is also associated with olfactory dysfunction.

Methods: We studied olfactory function in two groups of patients: N-C group (n=66, 26 men and 40 women; mean age 41+/-18 years), and NwC group (n=17, 7 men and 10 women; mean age 46+/-20 years).

Expression of the hippocampal NMDA receptor GluN1 subunit and its splicing isoforms in schizophrenia: postmortem study.

There is accumulating evidence that disturbances in N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) functioning are associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. To assess actual changes in the expression of the GluN1 subunit and its isoforms, we measured absolute differences in the levels of mRNA/protein for panGluN1 (eight isoforms altogether) as well as the mRNA individual isoforms in the postmortem left/right hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia in comparison with non-psychiatric subjects. There were no significant differences in the panGluN1 subunit mRNA expression, but the absolute left/right differences were much more pronounced in the patients with schizophrenia.

[Birth defects incidence in children from single and twin pregnancies in the Czech Republic--current data].

Aim Of Study: An analysis of occurrence of birth defects in children from single and twin pregnancies in the Czech Republic in 1994-2007. An assessment of total numbers and relative incidences of birth defects in births according to Tenth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Type Of Study: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of birth defects incidences from the Czech National Birth Defects Register database.

Enhanced levels of mitochondrial enzyme 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in patients with Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis.

The multifunctional mitochondrial enzyme 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 might play a role in the development of Alzheimer disease via its high-affinity binding to amyloid beta peptides and its neuronal over-expression. It is suggested that the cerebrospinal fluid levels of the enzyme, free or bound to amyloid beta peptides, are a potential specific biomarker of Alzheimer disease. However, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to play a role in many neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis.

[Birth defects in the Czech Republic in 1994--2007].

Aim Of Study: An analysis of occurrence of birth defects in the Czech Republic in 1994-2007. An assessment of total numbers and relative incidences of birth defects in births according to Tenth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Type Of Study: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of birth defects incidences from the Czech National Birth Defects Register database.

Lateralization of hippocampal nitric oxide mediator system in people with Alzheimer disease, multi-infarct dementia and schizophrenia.

There is evidence that brain lateralization underlying hemispheric specialization can be observed also at biochemical level. However, hemispheric differences in nitric oxide mediator system have not yet been evaluated. The hippocampus and planum temporale are highly asymmetrical regions but the degree of their laterality is altered in demented or psychotic people.

Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders: a placebo-controlled study.

Objective: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) treatment for pain caused by temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) was investigated in a controlled study comparing applied energy density, subgroups of TMD, and duration of disorders.

Background Data: Although LLLT is a physical therapy used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, there is little evidence for its effectiveness in the treatment of TMD.

Methods: The study group of 61 patients was treated with 10 J/cm(2) or 15 J/cm(2), and the control group of 19 patients was treated with 0.

Does neonatal brain ischemia induce schizophrenia-like behavior in young adult rats?

Perinatal cerebral hypoxia represents a major cause of obstetric complications and the resulting transient oxygen deficiency might belong to early risk factors for schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible long-term behavioral changes induced by one hour of continuous bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in 12-day-old male rats. Post-ischemic behavioral disturbances were evaluated in social (play) behavior on postnatal day 22 (PND 22), open field test (PND 35 and 50) and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PND 50).

Moclobemide and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of social phobia. A six-month controlled study and 24 months follow up.

The aim of the study was to assess the 6-months treatment efficacy and 24-month follow up of three different therapeutic programs (A. moclobemide and supportive guidance, B. group cognitive-behavioral therapy and pill placebo, and C.

Sex-dependent actions of amyloid beta peptides on hippocampal choline carriers of postnatal rats.

It is suggested that amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease but their physiological function is still unknown. However, low pM-nM concentrations mediate a hypofunction of a basal forebrain cholinergic system without marked signs of neurotoxicity. In this study, we compared in vitro effects of soluble nonaggregated human Abeta 1-40 and 1-42 either on synaptosomal hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline carriers or on membrane fluidity in hippocampi of male and female Wistar rats aged 7 and 14 days or 2-3 months.