Google Trends Assessment of Keywords Related to Smoking and Smoking Cessation During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 4 European Countries: Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence of smoking behavior during the pandemic is ambiguous. Most investigations report an increase in smoking.

[Harmful health effects of flavors in e-cigarettes].

Background: Almost all e-cigarettes contain flavorings that make the product more attractive. In the evaluation of e-cigarettes on health, flavors have so far played a subordinate role.

Method: Selective literature search in PubMed, supplemented by legal regulations on the use of flavors in e-cigarettes.

Small pouches, but high nicotine doses-nicotine delivery and acute effects after use of tobacco-free nicotine pouches.

Tobacco-free nicotine pouches are new nicotine products for oral consumption. They can contain very high nicotine amounts that have not been addressed with clinical studies yet. Thus, nicotine delivery, effects on craving, and side effects were assessed using pouches with up to 30 mg nicotine.

Different Influence Pattern of Conventional and Alternative Sources of Smoking on Adhesion Molecules and Cytokine Secretion in THP-1 Monocytes.

Background/aim: Tobacco is a carcinogen that is closely associated with the occurrence of lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The consumption of tobacco is also leading to alterations in different immune cell subtypes. However, the impact of different conventional and alternative smoking sources on human monocytes remains elusive.

[Harmful health effects of flavors in e-cigarettes].

Background:  Almost all e-cigarettes contain flavorings that make the product more attractive. In the evaluation of e-cigarettes on health, flavors have so far played a subordinate role.

Method:  Selective literature search in PubMed, supplemented by legal regulations on the use of flavors in e-cigarettes.

[The e-cigarette - means of smoking cessation?].

After several years of declining tobacco consumption, the number of smokers in Germany is currently stagnating or rising again. The reasons seem to be manifold, e. g.

Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Combustible Cigarettes on Small Airways and Arterial Stiffness.

Smoking cessation is difficult but maintaining smoke-free without nicotine replacement therapy is even harder. During the last few years, several different alternative products, including heated tobacco products (HTP), have been introduced to the market. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of IQOS and glo (two HTP) consumption on small airway function and arterial stiffness in a head-to-head design, comparing them to combustible cigarettes, nicotine-free e-cigarettes and a sham smoking group.

Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction.

In addition to the market launch of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and the JUUL as well as the EVALI, they caused a widespread discussion on the risk reduction compared to a combustible cigarette. Furthermore, first data showed harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. We, therefore, conducted investigations including a control group with a nicotine-free liquid.

Differential Effects of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors on Adhesion Molecules and Cytokine Secretion by THP-1 Monocytes.

Background/aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the treatment regimen for human cancers in recent years. Particularly, inhibitors of the checkpoint molecules PD-1/PD-L1 have emerged as promising therapeutic treatments by preventing T-cell anergy and exhaustion. However, the impact of different anti-PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors on human monocytes remains elusive.

Impact of Chewing Bags, E-Cigarettes, and Combustible Cigarettes on Arterial Stiffness and Small Airway Function in Healthy Students.

Several substitute products are discussed as a healthier alternative to smoking, thereunder e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products, e.g., chewing bags, which are increasingly used in this context.

Smoking Behavior and Smoking Cessation Because of and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Online Survey 12 Months into the Pandemic and during the Second Wave in Europe.

Smoking is considered a major preventable cause of cardiovascular and lung diseases, as well as cancer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was extensive discussion about the influence of nicotine use; ultimately, smoking was considered a major risk factor for poor disease progression. Therefore, in April 2021, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional online survey on smoking and vaping behavior, as well as smoking cessation, in four different countries in Europe (the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, and Italy).

Negative Impact of the UEFA European Soccer Championship on Central Hemodynamics and Arterial Stiffness: A Multicenter Study.

(1) Background: watching sporting events may trigger cardiovascular events by elevating emotional stress levels. The underlying reasons and specific populations at risk are not well defined. (2) Methods: we conducted a multicenter prospective trial at three German sites during the UEFA Soccer EC 2012 and 2021 comprising 52 healthy participants (noCVD) and 18 patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

[The e-cigarette - means of smoking cessation?].

After several years of declining tobacco consumption, the number of smokers in Germany is currently stagnating or rising again. The reasons seem to be manifold, e. g.

JUUL™ing and Heating Lead to a Worsening of Arterial Stiffness.

Background: The widespread use of the JUUL™ device ignited a discussion about the effects these products have on harm reduction. Therefore, we conducted a study directly comparing the JUUL™ device with a cigarette, a heated tobacco product, and a nicotine-free e-cigarette to examine the acute effects on arterial stiffness. Methods: This crossover-designed study examines 20 occasional smokers (age 25.

Cardiovascular functions and arterial stiffness after JUUL use.

Introduction: The rapid growth in the e-cigarette market after the launch of JUUL e-cigarettes led to much discussion on the potential benefits and risks of pods, JUUL devices, and conventional e-cigarettes compared with combustible cigarettes. Independent data are required to assess the effects of these products on cardiovascular surrogate parameters and cardiovascular risk.

Methods: We conducted a single-center three-arm study comparing combustible cigarettes with JUUL e-cigarettes with the old and new technology.

Synonyms and Symptoms of COVID-19 and Individual and Official Actions against the Disease-A Brief Online Survey 6 Months into the Pandemic and on the Threshold of the Second Wave in Germany.

To control the ongoing global pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2, we need to influence people's behavior. To do so, we require information on people's knowledge and perception of the disease and their opinions about the importance of containment measures. Therefore, in August 2020, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional online survey on these topics in 913 participants in Germany.

Differential Effects of Angiotensin-II Compared to Phenylephrine on Arterial Stiffness and Hemodynamics: A Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Humans.

The α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) and Angiotensin II (Ang II) are both potent vasoconstrictors at peripheral resistance arteries. PE has pure vasoconstrictive properties. Ang II, additionally, modulates central nervous blood pressure (BP) control via sympathetic baroreflex resetting.

Angiotensin II-mediated nondipping during sleep in healthy humans: effects on baroreflex function at subsequent daytime.

Blood pressure dipping at night is mediated by sleep-inherent, active downregulation of sympathetic vascular tone. Concomitantly, activity of the renin-angiotensin system is reduced, which might contribute to the beneficial effect of baroreflex downward resetting on daytime blood pressure homeostasis. To evaluate whether experimental nondipping mediated by angiotensin II during sleep would alter blood pressure and baroreflex function the next day in healthy humans, angiotensin-II or placebo (saline) was infused for a 7-h period at night, preventing blood pressure dipping in 11 sleeping normotensive individuals (5 males, balanced, crossover design).

GHRH-mediated GH release is associated with sympathoactivation and baroreflex resetting: a microneurographic study in healthy humans.

Previous research suggested substantial interactions of growth hormone (GH) and sympathetic nervous activity. This cross talk can be presumed both during physiological (e.g.

E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness: A randomized, double-blinded pilot study.

The introduction of electronic cigarettes has led to widespread discussion on the cardiovascular risks compared to conventional smoking. We therefore conducted a randomized cross-over study of the acute use of three tobacco products, including a control group using a nicotine-free liquid. Fifteen active smokers were studied during and after smoking either a cigarette or an electronic cigarette with or without nicotine (eGo-T CE4 vaporizer).

Renal denervation improves 24-hour central and peripheral blood pressures, arterial stiffness, and peripheral resistance.

Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and central BP are better predictors for overall cardiovascular risk and mortality than brachial BP. Renal denervation (RDN) has been shown to reduce office brachial and central BP as well as brachial ambulatory BP, but data on central ambulatory BP are limited. Patients (N = 94) with treatment resistant hypertension (TRH) who underwent RDN were included.

Central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in idiopathic and multiple system atrophy.

Blood pressure is commonly abnormal in parkinsonian disorders, but central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness, well-established predictors of total cardiovascular risk, have rarely been studied in these disorders. 32 patients [27 with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD); 5 with multiple system atrophy (MSA)] and 15 controls matched for cardiac risk factors underwent 24 h-ambulatory blood pressure recordings using an I.E.