[External cephalic version of breech presentation at term].

Background: External cephalic version could be an alternative to either vaginal delivery or caesarean section in breech presentation at term.

Material And Methods: A systematic literature review about external cephalic version in breech presentation.

Results: The numbers of breech presentation delivered by caesarean section could probably be reduced in Norway by offering version, but this would not affect perinatal mortality.

Validation of distinct amnesic and executive type memory deficit in a psychiatric sample based on retrieval performance.

Studies of localized brain dysfunctions have revealed connections between patterns of cognitive dysfunction and specific profiles of memory impairment. The amnesic type of memory impairment is defined by deficits in both free recall and recognition memory, whereas the dysexecutive memory impairment is characterized by retrieval deficits, i.e.

When more is not better: the role of cumulative risk in child behavior outcomes.

Background: Cumulative risk research has established the deleterious effects of co-occurring risk factors on child behavior outcomes. However, extant literature has not addressed potential differential effects of cumulative risk at different points in development and has left open questions about whether a threshold model or a linear risk model better describes the impact of cumulative risk on behavior outcomes. The current study examined the impact of cumulative risk factors (i.

A two-year prospective controlled study of bone mass and bone turnover in children with early juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: To explore early changes and predictors of bone mass in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in order to identify patients who will develop bone mass reductions.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 108 children with early JIA (ages 6-18 years; mean disease duration 19.3 months) who were individually matched with 108 healthy children for age, sex, race, and county of residence.

Antisocial behavior in the transition to adulthood: the independent and interactive roles of developmental history and emerging developmental tasks.

Although the turning points theory posits that the successful engagement of the romantic and work domains in young adulthood represents an important opportunity for disrupting antisocial pathways, others have recently speculated that such turning points may be most applicable to the majority of antisocial youth who begin offending in adolescence (Adolescence-Onset [AO]), rather than those who begin early in childhood and persist (Early-Onset/Persistent [EOP]). This study was designed (a) to attempt replication of recent evidence that AOs demonstrate problem behaviors intermediate to EOP and Never Antisocial youth in young adulthood, which was confirmed; and (b) to examine the correlates of lower levels of antisocial offending among AOs and EOPs in the transition to adulthood. As expected, AOs were more likely than EOPs to desist by age 23.

Late-onset septicemia in a Norwegian national cohort of extremely premature infants receiving very early full human milk feeding.

Objectives: To investigate the occurrence of and risk factors for late-onset septicemia (LOS) in a national cohort of extremely premature infants who received very early full human milk feeding.

Methods: A prospective study of all infants born in Norway in 1999 and 2000 with gestational age of <28 weeks or birth weight of <1000 g was performed. Extensive clinical information, including data on feeding practices and episodes of septicemia, was collected on predefined forms.

[Regional cerebral perfusion before and after parathyroidectomy].

Background: Single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) is used to study cerebral blood-flow and cerebral metabolism in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Reduced regional cerebral blood flow has been demonstrated in patients with depression and chronic fatigue, symptoms that are common in primary hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to reveal possible changes in regional cerebral blood flow in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after operative treatment.

Immune reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: the impact of stem cell source and graft-versus-host disease.

Background And Objectives: Bone marrow (BM) and blood stem cell (BSC) allografts differ considerably with respect to their content of progenitor cells and progenitor cell subsets as well as mature lymphocytes. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to determine whether these differences have an impact on early post-transplant immune recovery.

Design And Methods: In a prospective randomised study, we found enhanced immune recovery in recipients of BSC allografts compared to in recipients of BM allografts despite transplantation of a lower number of lymphoid progenitors, particularly B-cell progenitors.

General psychopathology is more important for executive functioning than diagnosis.

Objective: Impaired executive functioning (EF) has often been reported in patients with major depression or schizophrenia. We hypothesize that the variance in EF is more affected by level of general psychopathology than by diagnosis.

Method: Forty-three patients with major depression and 47 with schizophrenia were included.

Age differences in vitamin A intake among Canadian Inuit.

Background: Inuit traditional food provides ample amounts of preformed vitamin A. However, the dietary transition away from traditional food raises concerns regarding dietary adequacy. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient with inadequate and excessive exposures having adverse effects.

Insulin resistance after renal transplantation: the effect of steroid dose reduction and withdrawal.

Cardiovascular disease is a prevalent and serious complication after solid organ transplantation. Treatment with glucocorticoids is associated with increased risk for diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, all shown to be independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We sought to test the hypothesis that tapering of prednisolone (TAP) the first year after renal transplantation improves insulin sensitivity (IS), and to assess the effect of complete steroid withdrawal (SW) on IS in patients on a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen.

Joint multi-population analysis for genetic linkage of bipolar disorder or "wellness" to chromosome 4p.

To test the hypothesis that the same genetic loci confer susceptibility to, or protection from, disease in different populations, and that a combined analysis would improve the map resolution of a common susceptibility locus, we analyzed data from three studies that had reported linkage to bipolar disorder in a small region on chromosome 4p. Data sets comprised phenotypic information and genetic marker data on Scottish, Danish, and USA extended pedigrees. Across the three data sets, 913 individuals appeared in the pedigrees, 462 were classified, either as unaffected (323) or affected (139) with unipolar or bipolar disorder.

Disentangling Early Stone Age palimpsests: determining the functional independence of hominid- and carnivore-derived portions of archaeofaunas.

Determining the extent to which hominid- and carnivore-derived components of fossil bone palimpsests formed independently of each other can provide valuable information to paleoanthropologists interested in reconstructing the foraging adaptations of hominids. Because stone tool cutmarks, hammerstone percussion marks, and carnivore tooth marks are usually only imparted on bone during nutrient extraction from a carcass, these bone surface modifications are particularly amenable to the types of analyses that might meet this goal. This study compares the percentage of limb bone specimens that preserve evidence of both hominid- and carnivore-imparted bone damage from actualistic control samples and several Plio-Pleistocene archaeofaunas, including new data from Swartkrans Member 3 (South Africa).

Heart defects and other malformations in the Inuit in Canada: a baseline study.

Objectives: Birth defects occur in all ethnic groups, remaining an important world-wide cause of perinatal and infant morbidity. This contributes greatly to an excess of health care dollars allocated to the care and repair of those affected. This is especially true when those affected live in remote geographical locations.

Inferring the most likely geographical origin of mtDNA sequence profiles.

In a number of practical cases it is important to determine the likely geographical origin of an individual or a biological sample. A dead body, old bones or a sample of semen may be available. Information on where the sample might come from can assist investigation or research.

Asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infection is associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus and impaired insulin release after renal transplantation.

Aims/hypothesis: The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) may increase the risk of diabetes mellitus, but the literature is scarce. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that asymptomatic CMV infection is associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation, and to assess the impact of asymptomatic CMV infection on OGTT-derived estimates of insulin release and insulin action.

Methods: A total of 160 consecutive non-diabetic renal transplant recipients on cyclosporine (Sandimmun Neoral)-based immunosuppression were closely monitored for CMV infection during the first 3 months after transplantation.

Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity.

Indigenous Peoples globally are part of the nutrition transition. They may be among the most extreme for the extent of dietary change experienced in the last few decades. In this paper, we report survey data from 44 representative communities from 3 large cultural areas of the Canadian Arctic: the Yukon First Nations, Dene/Métis, and Inuit communities.

Locomotion skills in adults with cerebral palsy.

Objectives: To investigate self-reported locomotion skills in persons with cerebral palsy (CP) and to investigate variables potentially associated with deterioration of walking skills.

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective survey.

Setting And Subjects: A multidimensional mailed questionnaire was sent to 766 persons with CP, 18 years or over, without intellectual disabilities, living in Norway.

Beyond leopards: tooth marks and the contribution of multiple carnivore taxa to the accumulation of the Swartkrans Member 3 fossil assemblage.

The ca. 1.0 myr old fauna from Swartkrans Member 3 (South Africa) preserves abundant indication of carnivore activity in the form of tooth marks (including pits) on many bone surfaces.

Formation of pile networks by long carbon nanotubes from decomposition of CO on Co-Mo film.

We report the formation of pile networks by long carbon nanotubes grown at 700 degrees C from a Co-Mo film on a quartz plate. Carbon monoxide (CO) was used as the carbon source. The networks were formed because the density of catalyst particles on the substrate was low, which resulted in low carbon nanotube density that did not support vertical growth.

Early visual information processing in schizophrenia compared to recurrent depression.

Patients with schizophrenia have repeatedly shown deficits in early visual processing using backward masking (VBM) tasks. Whether this represents a specific dysfunction in schizophrenia is an unsolved question. Patients with recurrent unipolar depression represent an interesting comparison group to examine the question of specificity, but have never previously been assessed on VBM.

Fish consumption, mercury exposure, and heart diseases.

There is increasing concern regarding methylmercury exposure in populations that consume large amounts of fish. This situation poses a dilemma for those who choose to consume fish for its beneficial effects on heart disease risk. Recent evidence suggests that high mercury content in fish may diminish the cardioprotective effect of fish intake.

The construction of experience: a longitudinal study of representation and behavior.

Continuity in relationship representation and developmental links between relationship representation and behavior from infancy to late adolescence were examined using longitudinal data from a risk sample (N = 185). Significant correlations were found among diverse representational assessments (e.g.

Impairment across executive functions in recurrent major depression.

Depression is associated with impairment of cognitive functions, and especially executive functions (EFs). Despite the fact that most depressed patients experience recurrence of episodes, the pattern and the severity of executive impairment have not been well characterized in this group of depressed patients. We asked if and to what extent these patients were impaired on a range of neuropsychological tests measuring EFs, and also when confounding factors were adjusted for.

Continuity, discontinuity, and coherence in attachment from infancy to late adolescence: sequelae of organization and disorganization.

This longitudinal study examines continuity and discontinuity of attachment quality from infancy to late adolescence in a sample of 125 participants considered at birth to be at high-risk due to poverty. Strange Situations were conducted at 12 and 18 months; Adult Attachment Interviews were administered at age 19. Child and maternal characteristics and experiences and observational assessments of the families were explored as correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment.