Tension gastrothorax: acute life-threatening manifestation of late onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in children.

Tension gastrothorax in children is a life-threatening condition and presents dramatically with acute and severe respiratory distress. It develops when an intra-thoracic stomach herniated through a diaphragmatic defect is massively distended by trapped air and/or fluid causing mediastinal displacement. Tension gastrothorax is often misinterpreted as tension pneumothorax and managed as such leading to increased morbidity and mortality.

[Dumping syndrome following gastric surgery].

Background: Dumping syndrome is the term used to describe a common set of symptoms following gastric surgery, and is characterised by postprandial discomfort which can entail nutritional problems. The condition was well known when surgery was the usual treatment for peptic ulcer disease. The increasing number of operations for morbid obesity means that the condition is once again of relevance, and health personnel will encounter these patients in different contexts.

Long-term outcome after resection rectopexy for internal rectal intussusception.

Background and Aims. The optimal treatment of patients with internal rectal intussusception (IRI) is unresolved. The aim was to study the short- and long-term outcome of resection rectopexy in these patients.

Massive rectal bleeding from acquired jejunal diverticula.

Small bowel diverticulosis is an uncommon and often asymptomatic condition that is sporadically observed during radiographic examination or laparotomy. Although it is frequently seen in duodenum, jejunal and ileal locations are very rare. The majority of patients with jejunal diverticula have no symptoms.

Mammographic morphology and distribution of calcifications in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in organized screening.

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) represents a challenge in mammographic screening due to its unknown progression into invasive cancer. The majority of the DCIS is detected due to signs of calcifications on the mammograms.

Purpose: To analyze the combinations of mammographic morphology and distribution of calcifications by Van Nuys nuclear grade (grade).

The prognostic value of the orphan nuclear receptor DAX-1 (NROB1) in node-negative breast cancer.

Background: DAX-1 inhibits oestrogen receptor (ER) activities and aromatase P450 expression. The prognostic effect of DAX-1 expression in breast cancer was investigated.

Patients And Methods: DAX-1, apolipoprotein D (ApoD), mitotic activity index (MAI) and other prognosticators were evaluated, by quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, in 103 invasive node-negative breast carcinomas.

Expression of EZH2 and Ki-67 in colorectal cancer and associations with treatment response and prognosis.

Background: Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a member of the Polycomb group of genes that is involved in epigenetic silencing and cell cycle regulation.

Methods: We studied EZH2 expression in 409 patients with colorectal cancer stages II and III. The patients were included in a randomised study, and treated with surgery alone or surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

LOH at 1p31 (ARHI) and proliferation in lymph node-negative breast cancer.

Background: The mitotic activity index (MAI) is a strong prognosticator in node-negative invasive breast cancer patients. Recently, a correlation between the MAI and specific chromosomal aberrations at chromosome 1p was described.

Methods: Analysis of MAI, immunohistochemical staining patterns for proliferation-associated phosphohistone H3 (PPH3), phosphorylated ERK1/2, p21, cyclin E, Ki67 and cyclin D1 proteins; and prognosis in 158 adjuvant chemotherapy-treated T1-2N0M0 invasive breast cancer patients, analysis of LOH at 1p31 (including ARHI) using the dinucleotide repeats D1S207, D1S430 and D1S464 in 76 patients.

Evaluation of 5 different labeled polymer immunohistochemical detection systems.

Immunohistochemical staining is important for diagnosis and therapeutic decision making but the results may vary when different detection systems are used. To analyze this, 5 different labeled polymer immunohistochemical detection systems, REAL EnVision, EnVision Flex, EnVision Flex+ (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), NovoLink (Novocastra Laboratories Ltd, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK) and UltraVision ONE (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Fremont, CA) were tested using 12 different, widely used mouse and rabbit primary antibodies, detecting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane antigens. Serial sections of multitissue blocks containing 4% formaldehyde fixed paraffin embedded material were selected for their weak, moderate, and strong staining for each antibody.

Prospective multicenter comparison of proliferation and other prognostic factors in lymph node negative lobular invasive breast cancer.

Evaluation of prognostic factors in lymph node negative (LNneg) invasive lobular cancers (ILCs). Prospective analysis of proliferation and other prognosticators in 121 LNneg ILCs (119 months median follow-up, range 19-181), without adjuvant chemotherapy. ILC subtype was assessed in accordance with WHO-2003 criteria.

The prognostic value of molecular biomarkers in tissue removed by curettage from FIGO stage 1 and 2 endometrioid type endometrial cancer.

Objective: To analyze the prognostic value of molecular biomarkers in curettages of endometrioid endometrial cancer pathologic FIGO stages 1 and 2.

Study Design: Population-based survival analysis in 258 patients of classical prognostic features and molecular biomarkers of cell cycle regulation, (anti)apoptosis, proliferation, squamous differentiation, and PTEN/Akt pathway.

Results: With 74 months median follow-up (range, 1-209), 24 (9.

Intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic systemic inflammatory diseases: morbidity and mortality.

Background: Few data exist concerning the development of malignancies and haemorrhagic cystitis in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases previously treated with intravenous (iv) cyclophosphamide (CYC). The use of mesna prophylaxis is also controversial.

Methods: The medical records of all patients with chronic systemic inflammatory diseases treated with iv or oral CYC at Stavanger University Hospital from 1985 to 1999 were reviewed.

Validating the prognostic value of proliferation measured by Phosphohistone H3 (PPH3) in invasive lymph node-negative breast cancer patients less than 71 years of age.

We validated and compared the prognostic value of the proliferation marker phosphohistone H3 (PPH3) with classical variables in 241 T(1-2)N(0)M(0) breast cancer patients less than 71 years old with long-term follow-up (median 117 months) and without adjuvant treatment. PPH3 was measured by automated digital image analysis. Thirty-seven patients (15%) developed distant metastases and 29 (12%) died.

Digital image analysis improves the quality of subjective HER-2 expression scoring in breast cancer.

Aim: To compare HER-2 scoring reproducibility by subjective and digital image analysis (DIA) scores with each other and with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assessed HER-2 amplification.

Methods: Herceptest-stained Tissue Micro Arrays of 219 breast carcinomas were scored (DAKO protocol) by 3 observers (both independent and as consensus), scored by DIA and both scores were compared with FISH amplification results.

Results: Interobserver subjective scores reproducibility was good (kappa 0.

Phosphohistone H3 expression has much stronger prognostic value than classical prognosticators in invasive lymph node-negative breast cancer patients less than 55 years of age.

The proliferation factor mitotic activity index is the strongest prognostic factor in early breast cancer, but it may lack reproducibility. We analyzed the prognostic value of phosphohistone H3, a marker of cells in late G(2) and M phase, measuring highly standardized immunohistochemical nuclear phosphohistone H3 expression by subjective counts and digital image analysis. Expression was compared with classical clinico-pathologic prognostic variables and the mitotic activity index in 119 node-negative invasive breast cancers in patients less than 55 years old treated with adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with long-term follow-up (median 168 months).

Amplification of TOP2A and HER-2 genes in breast cancers occurring in patients harbouring BRCA1 germline mutations.

BRCA1 associated tumours are found to express an oestrogen receptor negative "basal epithelial-like" phenotype. In contrast to ER negative tumours in general, such tumours rarely harbour amplification of the HER-2 gene. However, little is known about TOP2A gene amplification status in BRCA1-associated tumours.

Comparing the prognostic value of PTEN and Akt expression with the Mitotic Activity Index in adjuvant chemotherapy-treated node-negative breast cancer patients aged <55 years.

Background: The prognostic value of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and PTEN in invasive breast cancer (IBC) is controversial. Cell proliferation, especially the Mitotic Activity Index (MAI), is strongly prognostic in lymph node-negative (LNneg) invasive breast cancer. However, its prognostic value has not been compared with the value of Akt and PTEN expression.

Comparing subjective and digital image analysis HER2/neu expression scores with conventional and modified FISH scores in breast cancer.

Background: HER2/neu expression and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) amplification have therapeutic significance.

Aims: To compare subjective HER2/neu expression scores with digital image analysis (DIA) and conventional and modified FISH scores in breast cancer.

Methods: Sixty HercepTest-immunostained breast carcinomas, prospectively scored as consensus 2+ and 3+ (DAKO protocol) by two observers, were analysed with DIA, and conventional (Vysis) and modified FISH scoring protocols.

[Appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma].

Background: Appendiceal neoplasms are rare. Patients may present with clinical symptoms suggestive of "acute appendicitis" or other unspecific abdominal complaints. An appendiceal mucinous neoplasia is sometimes diagnosed during a laparotomy performed on another indication.

Ki67 predicts progression in early CIN: validation of a multivariate progression-risk model.

This study of early CIN biopsies (25 CIN1 and 65 CIN2) with long follow-up was done to validate, in a new group of patients, the value of Ki67 immuno-quantitative features to predict high CIN grade in a follow-up biopsy (often denoted to as "progression"), as described in a previous study. Each biopsy in the present study was classified with the previously described Ki67-model (consisting of the stratification index and the % positive nuclei in the middle third layer of the epithelium) as "low-risk" or "high-risk", and matched with the follow-up outcome (progression-or-not). Furthermore, it was studied whether subjective evaluation of the Ki67 sections by experienced pathologists, who were aware of the prognostic quantitative Ki67 features, could also predict the outcome.

Wegener's granulomatosis of the prostate gland.

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic granulomatous vasculitis affecting medium and small arteries, venules, and arterioles. The upper and lower respiratory tract and kidney are primarily involved. Patients with classic WG essentially present with upper airway and pulmonary involvement.

Prognostic value and reproducibility of koilocytosis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of koilocytosis on the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to a higher grade during follow-up in cervical biopsy specimens with CIN 1 and 2. In adequate, consecutive, biopsy specimens of 103 CIN 1 and 2 patients, CIN grade and presence or absence of koilocytosis were assessed. Patients were followed by colposcopy and cytology according to protocol.

DNA cytometric features in biopsies of TaT1 urothelial cell cancer predict recurrence and stage progression more accurately than stage, grade, or treatment modality.

Objectives: To compare retrospectively the predictive value for recurrence and stage progression of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction by flow cytometry and highly automated ultrafast image cytometry (ICM) in biopsies of TaT1 urothelial cell carcinomas (UCCs) of the urinary bladder with stage, grade, other pathologic features, and treatment.

Methods: Three experienced pathologists reviewed the stage and grade of 228 UCCs; 193 (85%) consensus cases were analyzed further. We had enough material for single-cell suspensions for both flow cytometry and ICM in 183 cases (94.