Drought resistance strategies in minor millets: a review.

The review discusses growth and drought-response mechanisms in minor millets under three themes: drought escape, drought avoidance and drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses impacting plant growth, performance, and productivity. In the context of climate change, the prevalence and severity of drought is expected to increase in many agricultural regions worldwide.

Impact of Heavy Metals on Cold Acclimation of Roots.

In nature, plants are exposed to a range of climatic conditions. Those negatively impacting plant growth and survival are called abiotic stresses. Although abiotic stresses have been extensively studied separately, little is known about their interactions.

The impact of dietary Laminaria digitata and alginate lyase supplementation on the weaned piglet liver: A comprehensive proteomics and metabolomics approach.

The brown seaweed Laminaria digitata, a novel feedstuff for weaned piglets, has potentially beneficial prebiotic properties. However, its recalcitrant cell wall challenges digestion in monogastrics. Alginate lyase is a promising supplement to mitigate this issue.

Enhanced ileum function in weaned piglets via Laminaria digitata and alginate lyase dietary inclusion: A combined proteomics and metabolomics analysis.

Laminaria digitata, a brown seaweed with prebiotic properties, can potentially enhance the resilience of weaned piglets to nutritional distress. However, their cell wall polysaccharides elude digestion by monogastric animals' endogenous enzymes. In vitro studies suggest alginate lyase's ability to degrade such polysaccharides.

Isoprene-Emitting Tobacco Plants Are Less Affected by Moderate Water Deficit under Future Climate Change Scenario and Show Adjustments of Stress-Related Proteins in Actual Climate.

Isoprene-emitting plants are better protected against thermal and oxidative stresses, which is a desirable trait in a climate-changing (drier and warmer) world. Here we compared the ecophysiological performances of transgenic isoprene-emitting and wild-type non-emitting tobacco plants during water stress and after re-watering in actual environmental conditions (400 ppm of CO and 28 °C of average daily temperature) and in a future climate scenario (600 ppm of CO and 32 °C of average daily temperature). Furthermore, we intended to complement the present knowledge on the mechanisms involved in isoprene-induced resistance to water deficit stress by examining the proteome of transgenic isoprene-emitting and wild-type non-emitting tobacco plants during water stress and after re-watering in actual climate.

Engineering Nicotiana tabacum trichomes for triterpenic acid production.

In this work, we aimed at implementing the biosynthesis of triterpenic acids in Nicotiana tabacum glandular trichomes. Although endogenous genes coding for enzymes involved in such biosynthetic pathway are found in the Nicotiana tabacum genome, implementing such pathway specifically in glandular trichomes required to boost endogenous enzymatic activities. Five transgenes coding for a farnesyl-diphosphate synthase, a squalene synthase, a squalene epoxidase, a beta-amyrin synthase and a beta-amyrin 28-monooxygenase were introduced in N.

MdMYB52 regulates lignin biosynthesis upon the suberization process in apple.

Our previous studies, comparing russeted vs. waxy apple skin, highlighted a MYeloBlastosys (Myb) transcription factor (MdMYB52), which displayed a correlation with genes associated to the suberization process. The present article aims to assess its role and function in the suberization process.

The Cell Wall Proteome of Cell Cultures Habituated to Dichlobenil and Isoxaben.

The remarkable desiccation tolerance of the vegetative tissues in the resurrection species (Hochst.) is favored by its unique cell wall folding mechanism that allows the ordered and reversible shrinking of the cells without damaging neither the cell wall nor the underlying plasma membrane. The ability to withstand extreme drought is also maintained in abscisic acid pre-treated calli, which can be cultured both on solid and in liquid culture media.

Molecular and Biochemical Insights Into Early Responses of Hemp to Cd and Zn Exposure and the Potential Effect of Si on Stress Response.

With the intensification of human activities, plants are more frequently exposed to heavy metals (HM). Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are frequently and simultaneously found in contaminated soils, including agronomic soils contaminated by the atmospheric fallout near smelters. The fiber crop L.

Molecular insights into plant desiccation tolerance: transcriptomics, proteomics and targeted metabolite profiling in Craterostigma plantagineum.

The resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum possesses an extraordinary capacity to survive long-term desiccation. To enhance our understanding of this phenomenon, complementary transcriptome, soluble proteome and targeted metabolite profiling was carried out on leaves collected from different stages during a dehydration and rehydration cycle. A total of 7348 contigs, 611 proteins and 39 metabolites were differentially abundant across the different sampling points.

Long-Term Cd Exposure Alters the Metabolite Profile in Stem Tissue of .

As a common pollutant, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals accumulating in agricultural soils through anthropogenic activities. The uptake of Cd by plants is the main entry route into the human food chain, whilst in plants it elicits oxidative stress by unbalancing the cellular redox status. was subjected to chronic Cd stress for five months.

Repair of sub-lethal freezing damage in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: The detrimental effects of global climate change direct more attention to the survival and productivity of plants during periods of highly fluctuating temperatures. In particular in temperate climates in spring, temperatures can vary between above-zero and freezing temperatures, even during a single day. Freeze-thaw cycles cause cell membrane lesions that can lead to tissue damage and plant death.

transcriptome assembly of textile hemp from datasets on hypocotyls and adult plants.

We here provide an updated transcriptome of the hemp textile variety Santhica 27. The assembly was performed by merging the reads obtained previously on a time-series relative to the hypocotyl development and on bast fibers isolated from internodes of adult plants at different heights with those obtained from a newly performed transcriptome study on the hypocotyl in response to jasmonic acid treatment. More specifically, hypocotyls aged 15 days were treated with jasmonic acid and collected 3 and 5 days after the application of the plant growth regulator.

The Roots of Plant Frost Hardiness and Tolerance.

Frost stress severely affects agriculture and agroforestry worldwide. Although many studies about frost hardening and resistance have been published, most of them focused on the aboveground organs and only a minority specifically targets the roots. However, roots and aboveground tissues have different physiologies and stress response mechanisms.

Identification of the aquaporin gene family in Cannabis sativa and evidence for the accumulation of silicon in its tissues.

Cannabis sativa is an economically important crop providing bast fibres for the textile and biocomposite sector. Length is a fundamental characteristic determining the properties of bast fibres. Aquaporins, channel-forming proteins facilitating the passage of water, urea, as well as elements such as boron and silicon, are known to play a role in the control of fibre length in other species, like cotton.

Selection of Appropriate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stresses in .

is a fast growing willow species with potential as a plant used for biomass feedstock or for phytoremediation. However, few reference genes (RGs) for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are available in , thereby limiting gene expression studies. Here, we investigated the expression stability of 14 candidate reference genes (RGs) across various organs exposed to five abiotic stresses (cold, heat, drought, salt, and poly-metals).

The Dynamics of the Cell Wall Proteome of Developing Alfalfa Stems.

In this study, the cell-wall-enriched subproteomes at three different heights of alfalfa stems were compared. Since these three heights correspond to different states in stem development, a view on the dynamics of the cell wall proteome during cell maturation is obtained. This study of cell wall protein-enriched fractions forms the basis for a description of the development process of the cell wall and the linking cell wall localized proteins with the evolution of cell wall composition and structure.

Does long-term cadmium exposure influence the composition of pectic polysaccharides in the cell wall of Medicago sativa stems?

Background: The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the environment due to anthropogenic influences. It is unessential and harmful to all life forms. The plant cell wall forms a physical barrier against environmental stress and changes in the cell wall structure have been observed upon Cd exposure.

Changes in the Proteome of Leaves in Response to Long-Term Cadmium Exposure Using a Cell-Wall Targeted Approach.

Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) shows a serious problem for the environment and poses a threat to plants. Plants employing various cellular and molecular mechanisms to limit Cd toxicity and alterations of the cell wall structure were observed upon Cd exposure. This study focuses on changes in the cell wall protein-enriched subproteome of alfalfa () leaves during long-term Cd exposure.

Novel Insights from Comparative In Silico Analysis of Green Microalgal Cellulases.

The assumption that cellulose degradation and assimilation can only be carried out by heterotrophic organisms was shattered in 2012 when it was discovered that the unicellular green alga, (Cr), can utilize cellulose for growth under CO₂-limiting conditions. Publications of genomes/transcriptomes of the colonial microalgae, (Gp) and (Vc), between 2010⁻2016 prompted us to look for cellulase genes in these algae and to compare them to cellulases from bacteria, fungi, lower/higher plants, and invertebrate metazoans. Interestingly, algal catalytic domains (CDs), belonging to the family GH9, clustered separately and showed the highest (33⁻42%) and lowest (17⁻36%) sequence identity with respect to cellulases from invertebrate metazoans and bacteria, respectively, whereas the identity with cellulases from plants was only 27⁻33%.

Insights into the molecular regulation of monolignol-derived product biosynthesis in the growing hemp hypocotyl.

Background: Lignin and lignans are both derived from the monolignol pathway. Despite the similarity of their building blocks, they fulfil different functions in planta. Lignin strengthens the tissues of the plant, while lignans are involved in plant defence and growth regulation.

Pathogenic Leptospires Modulate Protein Expression and Post-translational Modifications in Response to Mammalian Host Signals.

Pathogenic species of cause leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonotic disease with a global distribution affecting over one million people annually. Reservoir hosts of leptospirosis, including rodents, dogs, and cattle, exhibit little to no signs of disease but shed large numbers of organisms in their urine. Transmission occurs when mucosal surfaces or abraded skin come into contact with infected urine or urine-contaminated water or soil.