Sub-continental-scale carbon stocks of individual trees in African drylands.

The distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales. This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems. We assessed more than 9.

Forest management in southern China generates short term extensive carbon sequestration.

Land use policies have turned southern China into one of the most intensively managed forest regions in the world, with actions maximizing forest cover on soils with marginal agricultural potential while concurrently increasing livelihoods and mitigating climate change. Based on satellite observations, here we show that diverse land use changes in southern China have increased standing aboveground carbon stocks by 0.11 ± 0.

Changes in rainfall distribution promote woody foliage production in the Sahel.

Dryland ecosystems comprise a balance between woody and herbaceous vegetation. Climate change impacts rainfall timing, which may alter the respective contributions of woody and herbaceous plants on the total vegetation production. Here, we apply 30 years of field-measured woody foliage and herbaceous mass from Senegal and document a faster increase in woody foliage mass (+17 kg ha yr) as compared to herbaceous mass (+3 kg ha yr).

"Reduction of tree cover in West African woodlands and promotion in semi-arid farmlands".

Woody vegetation in farmland acts as a carbon sink and provides ecosystem services for local people, but no macro-scale assessments of the impact of management and climate on woody cover exists for drylands. Here we make use of very high spatial resolution satellite imagery to derive wall-to-wall woody cover patterns in tropical West African drylands. Our study reveals a consistently high woody cover in farmlands along all semi-arid and sub-humid rainfall zones (16%), on average only 6% lower than in savannas.

Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands.

The African continent is facing one of the driest periods in the past three decades as well as continued deforestation. These disturbances threaten vegetation carbon (C) stocks and highlight the need for improved capabilities of monitoring large-scale aboveground carbon stock dynamics. Here we use a satellite dataset based on vegetation optical depth derived from low-frequency passive microwaves (L-VOD) to quantify annual aboveground biomass-carbon changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016.

Human population growth offsets climate-driven increase in woody vegetation in sub-Saharan Africa.

The rapidly growing human population in sub-Saharan Africa generates increasing demand for agricultural land and forest products, which presumably leads to deforestation. Conversely, a greening of African drylands has been reported, but this has been difficult to associate with changes in woody vegetation. There is thus an incomplete understanding of how woody vegetation responds to socio-economic and environmental change.

Mapping gains and losses in woody vegetation across global tropical drylands.

Woody vegetation in global tropical drylands is of significant importance for both the interannual variability of the carbon cycle and local livelihoods. Satellite observations over the past decades provide a unique way to assess the vegetation long-term dynamics across biomes worldwide. Yet, the actual changes in the woody vegetation are always hidden by interannual fluctuations of the leaf density, because the most widely used remote sensing data are primarily related to the photosynthetically active vegetation components.

Vietnam's forest transition in retrospect: demonstrating weaknesses in business-as-usual scenarios for REDD.

One of the prerequisites of the REDD+ mechanism is to effectively predict business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios for change in forest cover. This would enable estimation of how much carbon emission a project could potentially prevent and thus how much carbon credit should be rewarded. However, different factors like forest degradation and the lack of linearity in forest cover transitions challenge the accuracy of such scenarios.

Transfusion rate and prevalence of unexpected red blood cell alloantibodies in women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease.

Objective: To determine transfusion rates, risk factors for transfusion and the prevalence of unexpected red blood cell alloantibodies in women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the necessity of the pretransfusion testing for red blood cell alloantibodies.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

No change in adolescents' neglect on contraceptive use over two decades.

Purpose: The sexual activity and contraceptive use is evaluated over 21 years amongst Danish adolescents in ninth grade.

Methods: A repeated, cross-sectional questionnaire study in the municipality of Viborg, comparing the results of four consecutive surveys between 1986 and 2007.

Results: In 2007, 40% of the pupils had sexual debut at an average age of 15.

Gender-specific knowledge on sex.

Purpose: A study of what sources of knowledge on sex education, reproductive physiology and abortion was sought by adolescents at school.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study of 9th grade pupils in the municipality of Viborg, Denmark in 2007 compared with similar studies performed in 1986, 1993 and 2000.

Results: A total of 394 of 398 questionnaires were answered in 2007.

[Long-term follow-up after endometrial ablation. A questionnaire study on bleedings, hormone treatment and surgery].

Introduction: Long-term follow-up 11 years after endometrial ablation.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire on menstruation, hormone treatment, and surgery was conducted among women who had 420 endometrial ablations during the 1990-96 period; the results were analysed in conjunction with register data on cancer, surgery and obstetric history.

Results: A total of 82% of the questionnaires were answered.

[Vaginal rupture as a late complication of hysterectomy].

We report a patient with intracoital vaginal rupture two months after a hysterectomy. The case was managed successfully by simple suturing of the vaginal vault.

[Sex education and knowledge of venerial disease among public school 9th graders].

Introduction: A study on knowledge of venereal diseases, opinions on sexual matters, and satisfaction with sex education at school.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire was handed out on the same day in all ninth grade classes in the municipality of Viborg without prior notification of teachers and pupils.

Results: A total of 394 of 398 questionnaires were answered and returned.

[Knowledge of contraception, pregnancy, and sexuality in ninth grade pupils in the municipality of Viborg during a 21-year-period].

Introduction: A study of the sources of and the changes in the knowledge about contraception, pregnancy, and sexuality during a 21-year-period.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire was handed out on the same day in all ninth grade classes in the Municipality of Viborg without prior notice to teachers or pupils. The results were compared with similar studies performed in 1986, 1993, and 2000.

[Sexual activity and use of contraception in ninth grade pupils during the last 21 years].

Introduction: The study surveys sexual activity, use of contraception at sexual debut and changes in sexual habits during a 21-year period.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire was handed out on the same day in all ninth grade classes in the Municipality of Viborg. Neither teachers nor pupils were given prior notice.

Surgery and cancer after endometrial resection. Long-term follow-up on menstrual bleeding and hormone treatment by questionnaire and registry.

Purpose: Long-term follow-up 11 years after endometrial ablation.

Methods: A questionnaire on menstruation, hormone treatment, and operations on women, which had 421 endometrial ablations during 1990-1996, was added to registered data on cancer, operational and obstetrical history.

Results: Eighty-two percent of the questionnaires were returned and answered.

Adaptation to climate change in developing countries.

Adaptation to climate change is given increasing international attention as the confidence in climate change projections is getting higher. Developing countries have specific needs for adaptation due to high vulnerabilities, and they will in this way carry a great part of the global costs of climate change although the rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are mainly the responsibility of industrialized countries. This article provides a status of climate change adaptation in developing countries.

[Analysis of need for sick leave after hysterectomy].

Introduction: The recommended sick leave after hysterectomy varies among operating wards and depends on many non-medical issues. The recommendation is rarely validated scientifically and is often without any connection to the women's actual handling of the leave if this is not recorded as part of a project. We analysed the postoperative period for a group of hysterectomised women who kept a diary over eight weeks.

[Umbilical cord constriction caused by amniotic band].

We present a fatal case of umbilical cord constriction caused by an amniotic band, which occurs in one of 100,000-150,000 births. Prelabour diagnosis is possible by ultrasonography and MRI, and surgical removal by fetoscopy is the only theoretically possible therapy.

Cervical adenosquamous carcinoma: tumor implantation in an episiotomy scar.

Background: We report a rare case of a cervical adenosquamous carcinoma, initially diagnosed during delivery, with subsequent implantation in the episiotomy scar 5 weeks postpartum.

Case: A 35-year-old woman with cervical adenosquamous carcinoma diagnosed during delivery was treated with radical abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Five weeks later the metastatic tumor at the episiotomy site was excised, and the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Hysterectomy is associated with stress incontinence in women who previously had a transcervical endometrial resection.

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of urological symptoms in a population of women, who had a transcervical endometrial resection (TCER) only, and a population of women, who had a TCER and a subsequent hysterectomy. The superior goal was to evaluate the possible association between hysterectomy and urinary incontinence.

Design: All women, who had a TCER at our department during the period of 1990-1996 received a questionnaire with focus on urological symptoms.

Incidence and remission of urinary incontinence after hysterectomy--a 3-year follow-up study.

The aim of the study is to investigate the changes in continence status in a population of women hysterectomized in 1998-2000. Four hundred fifteen hysterectomized women who participated in a questionnaire study on continence status in September 2001 were retested with the same questionnaire on actual continence status in January 2005. As controls we used 97 women who had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1999-2000 and were tested and retested similarly.