Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer: A nationwide, register-based cohort study based on Danish health data.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the risk of differentiated and papillary thyroid cancer.

Methods: We included all individuals assigned female at birth and born during 1962-1996 in Denmark. Information on vital status, PCOS- and cancer diagnoses, and covariates were attained from various Danish nationwide registers.

Childhood vaccinations and the risk of leukemia: A nationwide cohort study.

A protective effect of childhood vaccinations on leukemia risk, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), has been hypothesized, though findings are inconsistent. We used a nationwide cohort of Danish children born 1997-2018 (n = 1,360,230), to examine associations between childhood vaccinations and leukemia (<20 years) using registry data (follow-up: December 31, 2018). Cox proportional hazard models with age as the underlying time estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for leukemia (any, ALL, acute myeloid [AML], and other), comparing vaccinated with unvaccinated children.

Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood leukemia: A Scandinavian population-based cohort study.

Background: Maternal hormonal contraception use has been associated with childhood leukemia risk. However, studies are few and often based on self-reported information.

Methods: Using registry data from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, we identified 3,183,316 children (born 1996-2018) and followed them from birth until leukemia diagnosis, censoring (death, emigration, other cancer, 20th birthday) or study closure (December 31st, 2017, 2018 or 2020).

Fertility treatment and risk of ovarian cancer in a large nationwide cohort of infertile Danish women.

Whether fertility treatment increases the risk of ovarian cancer has been a concern for many decades, but previous research has yielded conflicting findings. We therefore investigated this association within a large population-based cohort study of infertile women aged 20-45 years and living in Denmark between 1995 and 2017, as identified in the Danish Infertility Cohort (n = 146,110). The study cohort was linked to nationwide registers to obtain information on fertility drug use, cancer diagnoses, covariates, emigration, and vital status was.

Case studies on the progress of cervical cancer screening programs in Bhutan, India, and Türkiye.

International stakeholders gathered in New Delhi, India, in December 2022 to share experiences on human papillomaviruses (HPV) prevention and control strategies. As part of a supplementary publication from the meeting proceedings, this paper describes secondary HPV prevention strategies highlighting the varying degrees of progress and challenges through case studies from Bhutan, India, and Türkiye. India has implemented national screening guidelines, primarily using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), but achieving a low coverage rate of 1.

Long-term effectiveness of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: Interim results after 12 years of follow-up in Scandinavian women.

A pivotal study in women aged 16-26 years demonstrated that the nine-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine was efficacious against high-grade cervical dysplasia related to the HPV types covered by the vaccine. To evaluate whether effectiveness remains above 90% for up to 14 years post-vaccination, a long-term follow-up (LTFU) extension of the study was conducted in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden ( = 2,029). Interim findings at 12 years post-vaccination are reported.

Comparative analysis of HPV testing versus cytology in Danish cervical cancer screening: Insights from a large-scale implementation study.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is the recommended primary screening method against cervical cancer. Denmark started implementing HPV testing as a primary screening method in 2021, but no national data are yet available. We report the results of the first and second screening rounds in a large Danish pilot implementation study.

A Bioorthogonal Precision Tool for Human -Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V.

Correct elaboration of N-linked glycans in the secretory pathway of human cells is essential in physiology. Early N-glycan biosynthesis follows an assembly line principle before undergoing crucial elaboration points that feature the sequential incorporation of the sugar -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The activity of GlcNAc transferase V (MGAT5) primes the biosynthesis of an N-glycan antenna that is heavily upregulated in cancer.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Purpose: Although some reproductive and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known risk factors for breast cancer, the evidence regarding a potential association between PCOS and breast cancer is scarce. In this population-based cohort study including all 1,719,452 women born in Denmark between 1940 and 1993, we investigated the association between PCOS and breast cancer.

Methods: PCOS diagnoses, cancer diagnoses, covariates, migrations, and vital status were all obtained from national population and health registers.

Pronounced declines in heavy metal burdens of Minnesotan mammals over the last century.

Humans have drastically altered the ecology of heavy metals, which can have negative effects on animal development and neural functioning. Many species have shown the ability to adapt to anthropogenic increases in metal pollution, but such evolutionary responses will depend on the extent of metal variation over space and time. For terrestrial vertebrates, it is unclear how metal exposure has changed over time: some studies suggest metal content peaked with the enactment of policies controlling lead emissions, while other studies suggest metal levels peaked at least a century earlier.

Trends in papillary thyroid cancer mortality in Denmark according to stage and education.

Objective: Few studies exist on trends in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) survival and mortality according to stage and level of socioeconomic status.

Design: Nationwide cohort study.

Patients And Measurements: Patients diagnosed with PTC during 2000-2015 in Denmark were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry and followed until the end of 2020.

Improved Diagnostic Accuracy for Polymyalgia Rheumatica using FDG-PET/CT with Clinical Diagnosis or 2012 ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria.

Purpose: In routine care, clinicians may employ 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) to validate their initial clinical diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Nevertheless, the diagnostic utility of combining FDG-PET/CT findings with clinical presentation has not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the diagnostic accuracy for PMR could be enhanced by combining FDG-PET/CT findings with the clinical baseline diagnosis or the 2012 ACR/EULAR clinical classification criteria for PMR.

Pre-diagnosis tea and coffee consumption and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium.

Background: Tea and coffee are the most frequently consumed beverages in the world. Green tea in particular contains compounds with potential anti-cancer effects, but its association with survival after ovarian cancer is uncertain.

Methods: We investigated the associations between tea and coffee consumption before diagnosis and survival using data from 10 studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium.

Biopsy-verified vulvar lichen sclerosus and the risk of non-vulvar cancer: A nationwide cohort study.

Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease known to be associated with human papillomavirus-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Evidence on the association with other types of cancer, however, is sparce. We conducted a large nationwide cohort study examining the incidence of non-vulvar cancers among women with biopsy-verified VLS compared with the general female population.

Clinical performance of human papillomavirus based cervical cancer screening algorithm: The result of a large Danish implementation study.

Introduction: In Denmark, where human papillomavirus (HPV) -based cervical cancer screening is being implemented, the aim of this pilot implementation study was to test a specific screening algorithm, assess follow-up examination attendance, and measure the proportion of precancer lesions found in relation to the number of women referred for colposcopy.

Material And Methods: From May 2017 to December 2020, 36 417 women in the uptake area of the Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, were included in the HPV group. Women positive for HPV16/18 irrespective of cytology and women positive for other high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types having concomitant abnormal cytology were referred directly to colposcopy.

Resolving chaperone-assisted protein folding on the ribosome at the peptide level.

Protein folding in vivo begins during synthesis on the ribosome and is modulated by molecular chaperones that engage the nascent polypeptide. How these features of protein biogenesis influence the maturation pathway of nascent proteins is incompletely understood. Here, we use hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to define, at peptide resolution, the cotranslational chaperone-assisted folding pathway of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase.

Mechanism of chaperone coordination during cotranslational protein folding in bacteria.

Protein folding is assisted by molecular chaperones that bind nascent polypeptides during mRNA translation. Several structurally distinct classes of chaperones promote de novo folding, suggesting that their activities are coordinated at the ribosome. We used biochemical reconstitution and structural proteomics to explore the molecular basis for cotranslational chaperone action in bacteria.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer risk: results from a nationwide cohort study.

Most previous studies found an elevated risk of endometrial cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, these had highly varying methods for ascertainment of PCOS diagnoses and limitations such as few exposed women and short follow-up. In this cohort study, we investigated the association between PCOS and endometrial cancer among women born in Denmark between January 1, 1940, and December 31, 1993 (n = 1 719 121).

Integrative multi-omics analyses to identify the genetic and functional mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer risk regions.

To identify credible causal risk variants (CCVs) associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we performed genome-wide association analysis for 470,825 genotyped and 10,163,797 imputed SNPs in 25,981 EOC cases and 105,724 controls of European origin. We identified five histotype-specific EOC risk regions (p value <5 × 10) and confirmed previously reported associations for 27 risk regions. Conditional analyses identified an additional 11 signals independent of the primary signal at six risk regions (p value <10).

Antidepressant use and ovarian cancer risk: Evidence from nationwide studies with >14,000 cases from Denmark and Sweden.

Objective: Given that the evidence regarding the link between antidepressant use and ovarian cancer risk is equivocal, we investigated this research question by conducting two nationwide nested case-control studies among the Danish and Swedish populations.

Methods: Altogether, 14,121 women with epithelial ovarian cancer (30-84 years old) (Denmark: 8976 diagnosed 2000-2019, Sweden: 5145 diagnosed 2010-2018) were randomly age-matched with 564,840 female controls (359,040 from Denmark, and 205,800 from Sweden) using risk set sampling. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) and combined the estimates based on the fixed-effect assumption.

The effect of prednisolone and a short-term prednisolone discontinuation for the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in polymyalgia rheumatica-a prospective study of 101 patients.

Purpose: 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been suggested as an imaging modality to diagnose polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). However, the applicability of FDG-PET/CT remains unclear, especially following glucocorticoid administration. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET/CT before and during prednisolone treatment, as well as following short-term prednisolone discontinuation.

Prediagnostic use of menopausal hormone therapy and long-term survival of localized epithelial ovarian cancer: The Extreme study.

Use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prior to an epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) diagnosis has been suggested to be associated with improved survival. In a recent nationwide cohort study, we found that prediagnostic long-term MHT use, especially estrogen therapy (ET), was associated with improved long-term survival in women with nonlocalized EOC. Our aim was to investigate the influence of prediagnostic MHT use on long-term survival among women with localized EOC in the same nationwide study.