Fractionated photothermal therapy in a murine tumor model: comparison with single dose.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) exploits the light-absorbing properties of nanomaterials such as silica-gold nanoshells (NS) to inflict tumor death through local hyperthermia. However, in in vivo studies of PTT, the heat distribution is often found to be heterogeneous throughout the tumor volume, which leaves parts of the tumor untreated and impairs the overall treatment outcome. As this challenges PTT as a one-dose therapy, this study here investigates if giving the treatment repeatedly, ie, fractionated PTT, increases the efficacy in mice bearing subcutaneous tumors.

Surgical Management, Preoperative Tumor Localization, and Histopathology of 80 Patients Operated on for Insulinoma.

Introduction: Diagnosis and pathological classification of insulinomas are challenging.

Aim: To characterize localization of tumors, surgery outcomes, and histopathology in patients with insulinoma.

Methods: Patients with surgically resected sporadic insulinoma were included.

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging improves the nodal yield in neck dissection in oral cavity cancer - A randomized study.

Introduction: Lymph node yield (LNY) in neck dissection has been identified as a prognostic factor in oral cavity cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of additional use of optical imaging on LNY in therapeutic ND in oral cancer.

Methods: Consecutive patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma with clinical neck metastasis planned for primary tumor resection were randomized to conventional neck dissection or near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-guided neck dissection, respectively.

Site-specifically labeled Zr-DFO-trastuzumab improves immuno-reactivity and tumor uptake for immuno-PET in a subcutaneous HER2-positive xenograft mouse model.

Antibody-based PET tracers are exceptionally well-suited for determination of the biodistribution and quantification of therapeutic antibodies. The continued expansion in antibody-based therapeutics has accordingly driven the development towards more robust conjugation strategies in order to reliably predict the performance of such agents. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of site-specific labeling by enzymatic remodeling on the stability, immuno-reactivity and tumor-targeting properties of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) trastuzumab and compare it to conventional, random labeling in a HER2-positive xenograft mouse model.

Diagnostics Receives First Impact Factor.

It is with great pleasure we can announce that has received its first official impact factor, which has just been published in the 2018 edition of the Journal Citation Reports® [...

Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in the localization of head and neck paraganglioma compared with F-DOPA PET/CT and I-MIBG SPECT/CT.

Purpose: F-Fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (F-DOPA) PET offers high sensitivity and specificity in the imaging of non-malignant head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL) but lower sensitivity in metastatic disease of these neuroendocrine tumours (NET). In contrast to the radiotracer F-DOPA, both I-meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (I-MIBG) and Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide (Ga-DOTA-TOC) offer valuable clinical information on norepinephrine and somatostatin (SST) receptor status for planning I-MIBG and radionuclide peptide therapy (PRRT), respectively. Therefore, we compared Ga-DOTA-TOC and F-DOPA PET/CT with I-MIBG planar and SPECT/CT imaging, for the detection of HNPGL.

Preparing data for multiparametric PET/MR imaging: Influence of PET point spread function modelling and EPI distortion correction on the spatial correlation of [F]FDG-PET and diffusion-weighted MRI in head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Multiparametric imaging holds great potential for characterization of disease heterogeneity. For integrated PET/MR imaging, the combination of F-flourodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been suggested for the assessment of tumor heterogeneity. However, PET image resolution is limited and DWI is prone to image distortions.

Evaluation of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction in rats using a scandium-44-labelled tetrazine for pretargeted PET imaging.

Background: Pretargeted imaging allows the use of short-lived radionuclides when imaging the accumulation of slow clearing targeting agents such as antibodies. The biotin-(strept)avidin and the bispecific antibody-hapten interactions have been applied in clinical pretargeting studies; unfortunately, these systems led to immunogenic responses in patients. The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between a radiolabelled tetrazine (Tz) and a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized targeting vector is a promising alternative for clinical pretargeted imaging due to its fast reaction kinetics.

Investigating macrophage-mediated inflammation in migraine using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced 3T magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Initiating mechanisms of migraine headache remain poorly understood and a biomarker of migraine does not exist. Inflammation pertaining to the wall of cerebral arteries and brain parenchyma has been suggested to play a role in migraine pathophysiology.

Objective: We conducted the first experimental human study to investigate macrophage-mediated inflammation as a possible biomarker of migraine.

Characteristics of 252 patients with bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours treated at the Copenhagen NET Centre of Excellence.

Background: Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours are divided into typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Aim: To thoroughly describe a cohort of 252 patients with TC, AC and LCNEC (SCLC excluded).

Material And Methods: Collection of data from 252 patients referred to and treated at Rigshospitalet 2008-2016.

Multimodal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging to Quantify Uptake of Zr-Labeled Liposomes in the Atherosclerotic Vessel Wall.

Nanotherapy has recently emerged as an experimental treatment option for atherosclerosis. To fulfill its promise, robust noninvasive imaging approaches for subject selection and treatment evaluation are warranted. To that end, we present here a positron emission tomography (PET)-based method for quantification of liposomal nanoparticle uptake in the atherosclerotic vessel wall.

Soluble Markers of Interleukin 1 Activation as Predictors of First-Time Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Individuals.

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), compared with the general population. In a nested case-control study of 55 PWH with first-time myocardial infarction (MI; cases) and 182 PWH with no CVD (controls), we measured soluble markers of interleukin 1 (IL-1) activation at 4 different time points before the case's MI. Cases had higher levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) at all time points leading up to first-time MI, and higher levels of IL-1Ra were associated with an approximately 1.

Author Correction: Efficacy and safety assessment of a TRAF6-targeted nanoimmunotherapy in atherosclerotic mice and non-human primates.

In the version of this Article originally published, the surname of the author Edward A. Fisher was spelt incorrectly as 'Fischer'. This has now been corrected.

Convenient Entry to F-Labeled Amines through the Staudinger Reduction.

Fluorine-18 possesses outstanding decay characteristics for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Therefore, it is ideally suited for clinical applications. As such, improved strategies to incorporate fluorine-18 into bioactive molecules are of utmost importance.

F-FDG PET/MR-imaging in a Göttingen Minipig model of atherosclerosis: Correlations with histology and quantitative gene expression.

Background And Aims: The advantage of combining molecular and morphological imaging, e.g. positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), is reflected in the increased use of these modalities as surrogate end-points in clinical trials.

Efficacy and safety assessment of a TRAF6-targeted nanoimmunotherapy in atherosclerotic mice and non-human primates.

Macrophage accumulation in atherosclerosis is directly linked to the destabilization and rupture of plaque, causing acute atherothrombotic events. Circulating monocytes enter the plaque and differentiate into macrophages, where they are activated by CD4 T lymphocytes through CD40-CD40 ligand signalling. Here, we report the development and multiparametric evaluation of a nanoimmunotherapy that moderates CD40-CD40 ligand signalling in monocytes and macrophages by blocking the interaction between CD40 and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6).

A tumorsphere model of glioblastoma multiforme with intratumoral heterogeneity for quantitative analysis of cellular migration and drug response.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor and is characterized by its sudden onset and invasive growth into the brain parenchyma. The invasive tumor cells evade conventional treatments and are thought to be responsible for the ubiquitous tumor regrowth. Understanding the behavior of these invasive tumor cells and their response to therapeutic agents could help improve patient outcome.

Reproducibility of LVEF, LV volumes, and LV mass between Rubidium-82 PET/CT scans in young healthy volunteers using two commercially available software packages.

Background: Global functional parameters are available from electrocardiographic gated Rubidium-82 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Rb-PET/CT). However, the reproducibility of these data is not clarified. We aimed to investigate reproducibility of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), endsystolic volume (ESV), enddiastolic volume (EDV), and left ventricular (LV) mass between two scans and between two commercially available software packages.

Very Early Response Evaluation by PET/MR in Patients with Lung Cancer-Timing and Feasibility.

With the increasing number of therapy options available for patients with lung cancer, early response evaluation is needed. We performed this pilot study to assess the feasibility of early, repeated Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET/MR), the impact of timing and the capability for response prediction in lung tumors during chemotherapy. Patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer referred for chemotherapy were prospectively recruited.

PET/DW-MRI for evaluating treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients.

This feasibility study set out to investigate the use of FDG-PET/DW-MRI in chronic hepatitis C patients to examine changes in local liver inflammation after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Twelve patients with chronic hepatitis C were prospectively enrolled, performing FDG-PET/DW-MRI prior to and after DAA treatment. PET/DW-MRI included PET acquisition 60 and 90 min after FDG-injection, DIXON, for attenuation correction, T2- and DW-MRI with 10 b-values between 0-700 s/mm.

Impaired myocardial perfusion is associated with increasing end-systolic- and end-diastolic volumes in patients with non-ischemic systolic heart failure: a cross-sectional study using Rubidium-82 PET/CT.

Background: Myocardial flow reserve (MFR, stress/rest myocardial blood flow) is a strong marker of myocardial vasomotor function. MFR is a predictor of adverse cardiac events in patients with non-ischemic systolic heart failure and previous studies using different methods have found association between myocardial blood flow and left ventricular dilatation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between increasing end-systolic- and end-diastolic volumes (ESV and EDV) and MFR in these patients measured with Rubidium-82 positron emission tomography computed tomography (Rb-PET/CT) as a quantitative myocardial perfusion gold-standard.

Myocardial first pass perfusion assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance and coronary microvascular dysfunction in women with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with a poor prognosis even in absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. CMD can be assessed as a myocardial blood flow reserve by positron emission tomography (PETMBFR) and as coronary flow velocity reserve by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDECFVR). Impaired first-pass perfusion assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is an early sign of ischemia.